我国迁地保护的国家重点保护、受威胁和特有维管植物多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2022495

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22495. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022495

所属专题：物种形成与系统进化

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

我国迁地保护的国家重点保护、受威胁和特有维管植物多样性

王利松¹, 湛青青², 廖景平², 黄宏文¹^,²^,^*()

1.江西省、中国科学院庐山植物园, 江西九江 332900
2.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650

收稿日期:2022-08-28 接受日期:2022-10-15 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-01-13
通讯作者: *黄宏文, E-mail: huanghw@scbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
科技部基础性专项(2015FY210100);江西省、中国科学院庐山植物园人才专项(2021ZWZX06)

Vascular plant diversity of National Key Protected Wild Plants, threatened species, and endemic species ex situ conserved in botanic gardens of China

Lisong Wang¹, Qingqing Zhan², Jingping Liao², Hongwen Huang¹^,²^,^*()

1. Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332900
2. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650

Received:2022-08-28 Accepted:2022-10-15 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-01-13
Contact: *Hongwen Huang, E-mail: huanghw@scbg.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

启动实施以国家公园和国家植物园体系为主导的就地和迁地保护相结合的生物多样性保护大战略, 是我国作为世界生物多样性大国之一的科学使命和责任担当。本文以国家重点保护、受威胁和中国特有维管植物为对象, 系统梳理了这3类植物在我国植物园的迁地保护概况, 对这些植物的生活型、物种组成和系统发育多样性进行了比较分析, 以期为当下国家植物园体系建设提供科学参考和依据。结果表明, 我国植物园保存的此3类植物共计7,141种, 分属265科1,271属, 分别占我国维管植物科、属、种总数的76%、42%和23%。在7,141种植物中, 国家重点保护植物743种, 受威胁植物2,095种, 中国特有植物5,957种, 分别占我国国家重点保护、受威胁和特有植物总数的72%、59%和37%。这些植物包括乔木2,555种、灌木1,025种、草本3,117种、攀缘类419种和水生类25种。3类植物在各植物园的物种组成共有比例较低, 系统发育多样性存在显著差异。

关键词: 植物园, 迁地保护, 国家重点保护植物, 受威胁植物, 特有植物

Abstract

Background & Aims: As one of the mega-biodiverse countries in the world, China has implemented in situ and ex situ biodiversity conservation programs through the national parks and the national botanic gardens system respectively to responsibly study and conserve this diversity. We aimed to provide a baseline reference for the current national botanic garden system program.

Methods: We assessed the ex situ conservation profile in Chinese botanic gardens of plants from three categories: National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and endemic species. Statistical and comparative analyses of integrated data sets show that there are 7,141 species of vascular plants that have been conserved ex situ in botanic gardens of China. These species span 1,271 genera and 265 families, accounting for 76% of families, 42% of genera, and 23% of species of vascular plants in China.

Results: Among the 7,141 species, 743 species are National Key Protected Wild Plants, 2,095 species are threatened, and 5,957 species are endemic to China, accounting for 72%, 59% and 37% of the total number of species catalogued for these categories in China, respectively. These species include 2,555 trees, 1,025 shrubs, 3,117 herbs, 419 climbers, and 25 aquatic plants. The phylogenetic diversity is variable among these gardens, with a low proportion of shared species across gardens.

Key words: botanic gardens, ex situ conservation, National Key Protected Wild Plants, threatened species, endemic species

王利松, 湛青青, 廖景平, 黄宏文 (2023) 我国迁地保护的国家重点保护、受威胁和特有维管植物多样性. 生物多样性, 31, 22495. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022495.

Lisong Wang, Qingqing Zhan, Jingping Liao, Hongwen Huang (2023) Vascular plant diversity of National Key Protected Wild Plants, threatened species, and endemic species ex situ conserved in botanic gardens of China. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22495. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022495.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022495

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22495

图/表 4

图1 我国植物园迁地保护的国家重点保护植物、受威胁和特有种类的组成(A), 以及已迁地保护的种类数量和占比, 未迁地保护的种类数量和占比(B?D)。

Fig. 1 Composition of ex situ conservation on National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China (A); and the species number and proportion of ex situ conserved and gap for NKPWP (B), threatened species (C), and species endemic to China (D).

表1 我国植物园迁地保护的国家重点保护、受威胁和特有植物类群多样性(粗体)与中国维管植物(王利松等, 2018)的比较

Table 1 Taxonomic diversity of conserved National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China (bold) that compared with vascular plants in China (Wang et al, 2018) (number of taxa and percentage)

类群 Taxon	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
蕨类 Pterydophyte	28/34 (82%)	71/164 (43%)	324/2,064 (16%)
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	8/8 (100%)	33/36 (92%)	133/237 (56%)
被子植物 Angiosperm	229/305 (75%)	1,167/2,842 (41%)	6,684/28,609 (23%)
总计 Total	265/347 (76%)	1,271/3,042 (42%)	7,141/30,910 (23%)

图2 我国植物园迁地保护的3类植物的生活型分布(右)及其在各植物园的分布(左)。植物园缩写(Y轴标签)对应的植物园名称及相关数据见附录1。

Fig. 2 The composition of growth form on ex situ conserved National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China (right), and their distribution in each garden (left). The full name and related data that corresponding to each garden’s abbreviated code (labels on Y-axis) see Appendix 1.

图3 我国植物园迁地保护的3类植物物种组成相似性分析; 植物园间成对比较的Bray-Curtis相异指数(左上)和Jaccard相似性系数(右下)分布图, 国家重点保护和特有种类的结果相似, 仅显示受威胁种类的热点分布图; 内嵌的箱线图表示3类植物Bray-Curtis相异指数的分布, 所有分析排除了物种数量≤10的植物园。植物园缩写(X轴和Y轴标签)对应的植物园名称及相关数据见附录1。

Fig. 3 Species similarity for ex situ conserved National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP), threatened species, and species endemic to China. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index (top left) and Jaccard similarity coefficient (bottom right) and heatmap of pairwise comparisons among botanic gardens (threatened species), the results for NKPWP and species endemic to China are quite similar, maps not showing here; embedded box-plot indicate the distribution of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index for the three plant groups, all analyses excluded botanic gardens that species numbers ≤10. The full name and related data that corresponding to each garden’s abbreviated code (labels on X and Y-axis) see Appendix 1.

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我国迁地保护的国家重点保护、受威胁和特有维管植物多样性

Vascular plant diversity of National Key Protected Wild Plants, threatened species, and endemic species ex situ conserved in botanic gardens of China

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