关于植物迁地保护若干问题的讨论

doi:10.17520/biods.2024064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物迁地保护将是正在建设的国家植物园体系的核心任务, 然而, 有关植物迁地保护在植物多样性保护中的地位与作用、我国植物迁地保护的目标应该如何确立等诸多问题尚待讨论。本文通过文献研究, 简要回顾了植物迁地保护的发展历史、过去40年国内外植物迁地保护取得的成绩, 澄清了人们对植物迁地保护工作的一些疑虑; 结合《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》和即将发布的《支持<昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架>实施的植物保护相关的自愿补充行动》, 提出我国植物迁地保护的目标应该为“对所有受威胁植物实施有效的迁地保护, 包括保护其遗传的多样性和代表性”。

关键词: 植物迁地保护, 国家植物园体系, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 迁地保护目标

Abstract

Aims Plant ex situ conservation will be a core task in the on-going construction of the national botanical garden system of China. However, many issues regarding the status and role of plant ex situ conservation in biodiversity conservation, as well as how to set up the goals for plant ex situ conservation in China, are still under discussion. The objective of this study is to address these unresolved issues.

Methods The study utilizes literature reviews and international conventions such as the “Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework” and the upcoming “Complementary Actions Related to Plant Conservation to Support the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework”.

Results Through a review of the development history and achievements of plant ex situ conservation over the past 40 years, this paper clarifies some doubts and misconceptions about plant ex situ conservation. Furthermore, this article proposes the goals of plant ex situ conservation in China, as “Establish programs to ensure ALL threatened plant species are effectively conserved by ex situmethodologies, aiming to achieve genetically diverse representations”.

Conclusion The establishment of the national botanical garden system in China presents an opportunity to enhance plant ex situ conservation efforts. By improving the quality of processes involved in ex situ conservation program, China can elevate its conservation practices to a higher level.

Key words: plant ex situ conservation, national botanical garden system, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, ex situ conservation goals

陈进, 杨玺 (2024) 关于植物迁地保护若干问题的讨论. 生物多样性, 32, 24064. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024064.

Chen Jin, Yang Xi (2024) Discussion on the plant ex situ conservation. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24064. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024064.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024064

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I2/24064

图/表 1

参考文献 38

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项目 Items	就地保护 In situ conservation	迁地保护 Ex situ conservation
保护物种的α多样性 Species α diversity protected	取决于生境 Varied depending on habitats	通常高 Often high
保护植物、动物或者二者一起 Protect plants, animals or both together	动植物一起保护 Plants and animals together	动植物通常分开保护 Plants and animals in separate facilities
保存遗传的完整性 Protect genetic integrity	是, 如果居群的大小足够大 Yes, if population sizes adequate	需要专门的考量 Need to be specifically targeted
对气候变化的敏感性 Vulnerable to climate change	通常是, 特别是那些隔离的小种群 Often yes, particularly if small or isolated	较低 Less so
投资需求 Input requirements	通常很高 Often very high	对植物的相对较低 Relatively low for plants
对教育与研究的便捷性 Relevant to education and research	依赖具体情况不同 Depend on the situation	通常比较便捷 Often yes
和社区的利益冲突 Interest conflict with local community	通常有冲突, 也有例外 Often yes, although many exceptions	通常不会 Often not the case
监测项目成功与否 Monitoring success or not	通常较难 Often difficult	相对容易 Relatively easy
保护物种间相互关系 Protect mutualists, parasites and other associated species	是 Yes	否, 除非精细的考量 No, unless deliberately targeted
适应性进化 Allow continued adaptive evolution	是 Yes	否 No

项目 Items	就地保护 In situ conservation	迁地保护 Ex situ conservation
保护物种的α多样性 Species α diversity protected	取决于生境 Varied depending on habitats	通常高 Often high
保护植物、动物或者二者一起 Protect plants, animals or both together	动植物一起保护 Plants and animals together	动植物通常分开保护 Plants and animals in separate facilities
保存遗传的完整性 Protect genetic integrity	是, 如果居群的大小足够大 Yes, if population sizes adequate	需要专门的考量 Need to be specifically targeted
对气候变化的敏感性 Vulnerable to climate change	通常是, 特别是那些隔离的小种群 Often yes, particularly if small or isolated	较低 Less so
投资需求 Input requirements	通常很高 Often very high	对植物的相对较低 Relatively low for plants
对教育与研究的便捷性 Relevant to education and research	依赖具体情况不同 Depend on the situation	通常比较便捷 Often yes
和社区的利益冲突 Interest conflict with local community	通常有冲突, 也有例外 Often yes, although many exceptions	通常不会 Often not the case
监测项目成功与否 Monitoring success or not	通常较难 Often difficult	相对容易 Relatively easy
保护物种间相互关系 Protect mutualists, parasites and other associated species	是 Yes	否, 除非精细的考量 No, unless deliberately targeted
适应性进化 Allow continued adaptive evolution	是 Yes	否 No