浙江省百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地木本植物叶片虫食强度分布格局及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2025406

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 25406. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025406 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025406

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

浙江省百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地木本植物叶片虫食强度分布格局及其影响因素

黄语卓¹(), 王梓潆¹(), 周伟龙², 莫佳瑶¹(), 张敏华¹(), 郝春晖¹(), 兰荣光³, 叶沛阳³, 刘宇¹^,⁴^,^*()()

¹ 华东师范大学-阿尔伯塔大学生物多样性联合实验室, 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
² 钱江源-百山祖国家公园百山祖科研监测中心, 浙江丽水 323000
³ 钱江源-百山祖国家公园庆元保护中心, 浙江庆元 323800
⁴ 上海污染控制与生态安全研究院, 上海 200092

收稿日期:2025-10-13 接受日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-06
通讯作者: 刘宇
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31670531);国家自然科学基金(32071645);百山祖国家公园研究项目(2022JBGS04);百山祖国家公园研究项目(2023JBGS06)

Distribution patterns of leaf herbivory intensity and their influencing factors in woody plants across the 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu, Zhejiang Province

Yuzhuo Huang¹(), Ziying Wang¹(), Weilong Zhou², Jiayao Mo¹(), Minhua Zhang¹(), Chunhui Hao¹(), Rongguang Lan³, Peiyang Ye³, Yu Liu¹^,⁴^,^*()()

¹ ECNU-UAlberta Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity Study, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
² Baishanzu Scientific Research and Monitoring Center, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
³ Qingyuan Conservation Center, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Qingyuan, Zhejiang 323800, China
⁴ Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China

Received:2025-10-13 Accepted:2026-01-29 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-06
Contact: Yu Liu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670531);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071645);Research Project of Baishanzu National Park(2022JBGS04);Research Project of Baishanzu National Park(2023JBGS06)

1. 附录.pdf(649KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植食性昆虫与木本植物的互作关系因其在生态系统中的重要作用而受到广泛关注。尽管已有大量研究探讨了森林中虫食强度的分布格局及其影响因素, 并提出了诸多理论假说, 但这些假说在不同森林群落中缺乏普适性, 尤其是对中亚热带常绿阔叶林的系统性验证较为有限。此外, 现有研究多聚焦于少数树种, 其结论能否推广至整个森林群落仍有待进一步检验与证实。为此, 本研究以浙江百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地(简称百山祖样地)中149种阔叶树种的400株个体为研究对象, 比较了不同树种间虫食强度的差异, 其中虫食强度包括虫食率(即叶片虫食面积占比)和虫食频率(即虫食叶片占比); 基于样地监测数据, 采用广义线性混合效应模型探究了多种因素对虫食率的影响, 包括采样树种类别(按树木生活型和多度划分)、叶片大小、邻体树种多样性及其组成, 以及土壤养分等, 旨在揭示影响百山祖样地虫食率的主要驱动因素。结果表明: (1)样地内99.40%的虫食损伤由咀嚼类昆虫造成。平均虫食率为7.18%, 平均虫食频率为65.38%。不同树种的虫食率和虫食频率存在显著差异。其中, 常绿种的虫食率显著高于落叶种, 常见种的虫食率显著高于稀有种, 乔木的虫食率显著高于灌木。(2)树种类别对虫食率具有显著影响, 且虫食率与邻体树种系统发育多样性之间存在显著正相关关系。方差分解结果表明, 采样树的生活型(乔木vs.灌木)的相对贡献最大, 达62.33%。本研究结果支持昆虫植食作用的植物显性假说, 常绿、常见及乔木树种均因其在群落中的显性较高而遭受更强的虫食。同时, 研究也表明百山祖样地存在关联敏感效应, 即系统发育距离越远的树种混交更易吸引植食性昆虫取食。

关键词: 亚热带森林, 虫食强度, 生活型, 种间差异, 植物显性假说, 关联敏感效应

Abstract

Aim: The interactions between herbivorous insects and woody plants have attracted wide attention due to their critical roles in ecosystems. So far, an increasing number of studies have investigated the distribution patterns of leaf herbivory intensity across the forest and the underlying factors influencing it. Consequently, numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the context. However, these hypotheses may not be universally applicable across different forest communities. In particular, systematic validation in mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests remains limited. Moreover, current research has predominantly focused on a limited number of species, and the extent to which these findings can be generalized to the entire forest community requires further investigation and verification.
Methods: In this study, we investigated 400 individuals from 149 broad-leaved tree species in a 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu (Baishanzu plot), Zhejiang Province. First, interspecific differences in leaf herbivory intensity (herbivory rate and frequency) were compared among tree species. Here herbivory rate was proportion of leaf area consumed by herbivory and herbivory frequency was proportion of leaf by herbivory. And then, based on the plot data, a generalized linear mixed model was used to systematically investigate the effects of sampled tree species categories (classified by tree life form and abundance), leaf size, neighboring tree diversity and composition, and soil nutrients on herbivory rate, with the aim of identifying the dominant factors driving herbivory rate in the Baishanzu plot.
Results: (1) 99.40% of herbivory in the plot was caused by chewing insects. The average herbivory rate was 7.18%, and the average herbivory frequency was 65.38%. There were significant differences in herbivory rate and frequency among different tree species. Moreover, the herbivory rate of evergreen species was significantly higher than that of deciduous species, common species were significantly higher than rare species, and tree species were significantly higher than shrub species. (2) The results of the model indicated that tree categories significantly influenced herbivory rate, and there was a significant positive correlation between herbivory rate and the phylogenetic diversity of neighboring trees. Furthermore, the results of the variance decomposition showed that tree life form (tree vs. shrub) exhibited the highest relative contribution, accounting for 62.33% of the explained variation.
Conclusion: The findings of this study corroborated the plant-apparency hypothesis regarding insect herbivory, indicating that evergreen, common, and tree species experienced greater levels of herbivory due to their higher apparency within the community. Additionally, this study also revealed the existence of an associational susceptibility effect in the Baishanzu plot, suggesting that mixtures of phylogenetically distant trees resulted in more severe insect herbivory.

Key words: subtropical forest, herbivory intensity, life form, interspecific variation, plant apparency hypothesis, associational susceptibility effect

黄语卓, 王梓潆, 周伟龙, 莫佳瑶, 张敏华, 郝春晖, 兰荣光, 叶沛阳, 刘宇 (2026) 浙江省百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地木本植物叶片虫食强度分布格局及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 34, 25406. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025406.

Yuzhuo Huang, Ziying Wang, Weilong Zhou, Jiayao Mo, Minhua Zhang, Chunhui Hao, Rongguang Lan, Peiyang Ye, Yu Liu (2026) Distribution patterns of leaf herbivory intensity and their influencing factors in woody plants across the 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu, Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25406. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025406.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025406

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I4/25406

图/表 4

图1 百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地叶片虫食率(a)和虫食频率(b)在149个树种中的分布情况。树种名称后为采样株数, 各树种名称、类型、多度以及具体虫食率和虫食频率见附录2。

Fig. 1 Distribution patterns of leaf herbivory rate (a) and herbivory frequency (b) across 149 tree species in the 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu. Number following the species name indicates number of sampled trees. See Appendix 2 for the names, types, and abundance information, as well as the specific herbivory rate and herbivory frequency of each species.

图2 百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地149种树种叶片虫食率和虫食频率的关系(基于Spearman相关分析)。趋势线采用二次多项式拟合。

Fig. 2 Relationship between leaf herbivory rate and herbivory frequency across 149 species in the 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu (based on Spearman correlation analysis). The trend line was fitted using a quadratic polynomial.

图3 百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地不同树种类别的虫食率差异。(a)常绿种和落叶种; (b)常见种、中间种和稀有种; (c)乔木、小乔木和灌木。(b)和(c)中的P值经Bonferroni法校正。**P<0.01; ***P<0.001。

Fig. 3 Differences in leaf herbivory rate in the 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu. (a) Evergreen species and deciduous species; (b) Common species, intermediate species, and rare species; (c) Trees, small trees and shrubs. P-values in (b) and (c) were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.

图4 最优模型中预测变量对虫食率的相对影响。模型包括采样树树种生长类型2 (乔木、小乔木和灌木)、树种多度分类(常见种、中间种和稀有种)、树种生长类型1 (常绿种和落叶种)、邻体树种系统发育多样性(MPD)以及土壤全氮含量(TN)。*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001。

Fig. 4 Relative effects of the predictors on leaf herbivory in the most parsimonious model. The model included the life form 2 of the sampled trees (trees, small trees and shrubs), abundance type (common species, intermediate species and rare species), life form 1 (evergreen species and deciduous species), neighboring tree phylogenetic diversity (MPD) and soil total nitrogen content (TN). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.

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浙江省百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地木本植物叶片虫食强度分布格局及其影响因素

Distribution patterns of leaf herbivory intensity and their influencing factors in woody plants across the 25-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot at Baishanzu, Zhejiang Province

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