海拔及环境因子影响杜鹃属植物的表型特征和化学性状

doi:10.17520/biods.2022259

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22259. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022259

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

海拔及环境因子影响杜鹃属植物的表型特征和化学性状

姚仁秀¹^,², 陈燕¹^,², 吕晓琴²^,³, 王江湖²^,³, 杨付军¹, 王晓月¹^,³^,^*()

1.贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550025
2.贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550025
3.贵州师范大学西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2022-05-11 接受日期:2022-09-22 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-11-11
通讯作者: *王晓月, E-mail: wang.xiaoyue1989@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31901208);国家自然科学基金委员会贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1812401);贵州省科学技术基金(2019/1237)

Altitude-related environmental factors shape the phenotypic characteristics and chemical profile of Rhododendron

Renxiu Yao¹^,², Yan Chen¹^,², Xiaoqin Lü²^,³, Jianghu Wang²^,³, Fujun Yang¹, Xiaoyue Wang¹^,³^,^*()

1. College of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025
2. Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025
3. Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025

Received:2022-05-11 Accepted:2022-09-22 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-11-11
Contact: *Xiaoyue Wang, E-mail: wang.xiaoyue1989@163.com

1. 附录1 杜鹃茎、叶、花瓣、花粉和花蜜部位在不同海拔居群含量最高的前5种次生代谢物.pdf(196KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物-环境间的长期相互作用驱动着植物表型及次生代谢物的变异。随着海拔梯度的变化, 环境中的非生物因子会发生变化, 但它们如何影响植物的表型以及次生代谢物的组成和含量, 以及植物不同组织器官的次生代谢物是否存在差异, 目前有关这方面的研究还较少。本文选取3个不同海拔中的柳条杜鹃(Rhododendron virgatum)和大白杜鹃(R. decorum) (大理苍山居群)及红棕杜鹃(R. rubiginosum) (老君山居群)为研究对象, 测定不同海拔的环境因子(温度、相对湿度和相对光照强度), 测量和分析了不同海拔植物的表型性状, 花蜜体积、糖浓度及花蜜中糖成分(HPLC分析方法), 以及植株的茎、叶、花瓣、花粉、花蜜中次生代谢物组成及含量(UPLC-Qtof分析法)。结果表明: 随着海拔升高, 温度、相对湿度和相对光照强度降低, 杜鹃的植株高度、花冠大小和花药体积显著减小, 而枝条直径、雌蕊和雄蕊长度显著增大。3种杜鹃在海拔C的花蜜体积和糖浓度均显著高于海拔A和海拔B, 海拔C中花蜜的蔗糖成分也显著增多。杜鹃属植物主要含黄酮类、甾体类、苯丙素类、萜类和生物碱类等次生代谢物, 随着海拔的变化, 这5类次生代谢物质的相对含量没有显著变异, 但是它们两两之间存在显著的相关性。杜鹃属植物不同组织中次生代谢物的含量有明显差异, 整体来说, 花粉和花蜜中次生代谢物的种类和含量要显著低于其他组织。主成分分析结果显示, 海拔A和海拔B中杜鹃的表型和化学特征比较相似, 海拔C杜鹃的黄酮类物质组成和含量与海拔A和海拔B具有显著差异。本研究表明, 随着海拔及其环境因子的变化, 杜鹃属植物的表型特征和化学性状都存在一定程度的适应性变异, 但表型特征的变异程度远大于次生代谢物的组成和相对含量。相对于植物内在的次生代谢物, 环境因子的差异更容易影响植物的表型特征。

关键词: 杜鹃属, 海拔, 环境因子, 表型特征的变异, 次生代谢物的成分和含量

Abstract

Aims: Interactions between plants and the environment drive the diversity of plant phenotypes and secondary metabolites. Abiotic factors in the environment are known to vary with altitude, but it remains unclear how this variation affects plant characters and secondary metabolite composition, including whether secondary metabolites differ among different tissues and organs within a plant.

Methods: We took samples of Rhododendron virgatum, R. decorum, and R. rubiginosum from three different altitudes. We measured environmental factors at each altitude, including temperature, relative humidity, and relative light intensity. We also measured vegetative traits, characteristics of plants’ reproductive organs, and nectar features (nectar volume, sugar concentration, nectar components). We used UPLC-Qtof methods to analyze the levels and composition of secondary metabolites in the stems, leaves, petals, pollen, and nectar of populations from different altitudes.

Results: As altitude increased, the temperature, relative humidity, and relative light intensity decreased. The heights, corolla sizes, and anther volumes of the sampled plants decreased significantly, while the branch diameters and pistil and stamen lengths increased significantly. The floral nectar volume and sugar concentration at the highest altitude (altitude C) were significantly higher than at altitudes A and B, the lowest and middle altitudes. The nectar sucrose content in Rhododendron was also significantly higher at altitude C than at the lower altitudes. The secondary metabolites of the Rhododendron samples did not differ significantly at different altitudes—at every altitude, the plants were dominant in flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids, and there were significant correlations among these components. However, the secondary metabolites did vary between different organs of the plants: nectar and pollen had significantly lower levels of metabolites than branches, leaves, and petals. Additionally, PCA results showed that Rhododendron plants at altitudes A and B were relatively similar in character and metabolites. It also revealed that the flavonoid components of plants at altitude C were different from those at altitudes A and B.

Conclusion: Our results reveal a degree of adaptive variation in phenotypic characteristics and metabolite composition of Rhododendron plants at different altitudes. However, phenotypic traits vary much more than the composition and relative contents of secondary metabolites. We conclude that environmental factors present at different altitudes are much more likely to shape the external characteristics of plants than to change their internal metabolic profile.

Key words: Rhododendron, altitude, environment factors, phenotypic variation, composition and content of secondary metabolites

姚仁秀, 陈燕, 吕晓琴, 王江湖, 杨付军, 王晓月 (2023) 海拔及环境因子影响杜鹃属植物的表型特征和化学性状. 生物多样性, 31, 22259. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022259.

Renxiu Yao, Yan Chen, Xiaoqin Lü, Jianghu Wang, Fujun Yang, Xiaoyue Wang (2023) Altitude-related environmental factors shape the phenotypic characteristics and chemical profile of Rhododendron. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22259. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022259.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022259

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22259

图/表 7

图1 柳条杜鹃(A)、大白杜鹃(B)和红棕杜鹃(C)的花序以及杜鹃的花部特征测量(D, 以大白杜鹃为例)。a: 花冠长; b: 花冠宽; c: 花筒开口直径; d: 花筒深; e: 花筒直径; f: 雌蕊长; g: 最高雄蕊长; h: 最低雄蕊长。

Fig. 1 The inflorescence of Rhododendron virgatum (A), R. decorum (B), and R. rubiginosum (C) and measurement of floral characteristics of Rhododendron (D, R. decorum as example). a, Corolla length; b, Corolla width; c, Tube opening diameter; d, Floral tube length; e, Tube diameter; f, Pistil length; g, The longest stamen length; h, The shortest stamen length.

表1 不同海拔杜鹃居群环境因子(相对光照强度、温度和相对湿度)的比较(广义线性模型)。不同字母表明同一环境因子在不同海拔居群有显著性差异。加粗表示最大值。

Table 1 Comparison of environmental factors (relative light intensity, temperature and relative humidity) among different altitude populations (generalized linear model, GLM). Different letters indicate significant differences in environmental factors among different altitudes. Bolded numbers indicate maximum values.

居群 Population		海拔 Elevation (m)	相对光照强度 Relative light intensity (%)	温度 Temperature (℃)	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
苍山 Cangshan Mountain	海拔A Altitude A	2,199.20 ± 7.96^c	0.52 ± 0.07^a	16.08 ± 0.28^b	57.17 ± 2.82^b
苍山 Cangshan Mountain	海拔B Altitude B	2,511.20 ± 10.18^b	0.40 ± 0.07^a	18.92 ± 0.20^a	60.50 ± 1.93^b
	海拔C Altitude C	2,809.00 ± 6.94^a	0.18 ± 0.04^b	12.88 ± 0.34^c	74.42 ± 2.47^a
	Wald χ2	2,593.848	14.105	234.227	28.222
	P	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
老君山 Laojun Mountain	海拔A Altitude A	3,398.20 ± 9.66^c	0.34 ± 0.04^a	12.39 ± 0.84^a	66.67 ± 2.17^a
老君山 Laojun Mountain	海拔B Altitude B	3,606.20 ± 8.80^b	0.25 ± 0.05^a	13.64 ± 1.33^a	70.33 ± 5.65^a
	海拔C Altitude C	3,796.00 ± 10.40^a	0.28 ± 0.03^a	7.73 ± 1.17^b	72.11 ± 4.19^a
	Wald χ2	851.739	3.296	11.876	0.768
	P	< 0.001	0.192	0.003	0.681

表2 柳条杜鹃、大白杜鹃和红棕杜鹃在腹痛还把居群营养器官和繁殖器官的比较(广义线性模型)(平均值±标准误)。不同字母表示同一杜鹃的特征在不同海拔居群间有显著性差异。加粗表示最大值。

Table 2 Comparison of vegetable and reproduction organs of Rhododendron vigatum, R. decorum, R. rubiginosum at different altitudes(generalized linear model, GLM)(mean±SE). Different letters indicate significant differences in phenotypic characteristics among different altitudes of Rhododendron plants. Bolded numbers indicate the maximum values.

图2 不同海拔杜鹃花蜜体积(Ai)、花蜜糖浓度(Aii)和花蜜糖成分含量(B)的比较(柳条杜鹃、大白杜鹃和红棕杜鹃的数值合并分析) (平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同海拔间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Comparison of nectar volume (Ai) and nectar concentration (Aii) and nectar sugar content (B) of three species of Rhododendron at different altitudes (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences between different altitudes (P < 0.05).

图3 不同海拔杜鹃中黄酮类、甾体类、萜类、苯丙素类和生物碱类相对含量的比较(柳条杜鹃、大白杜鹃和红棕杜鹃的数值合并分析) (平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同器官间同一类别物质具有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Comparison of flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, phenylpropanoid and alkaloid contents among Rhododendron at different altitudes (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among different organs (P < 0.05).

表3 杜鹃不同海拔居群的营养器官、繁殖器官、5类含量最高的次生代谢物与海拔、环境因子(温度、相对湿度、相对光照强度)的Pearson相关性分析。表格中灰色分割线左下方的数值表示相关性(r), 右上方的数值表示显著性(P)。P < 0.05时加粗表示, 且相应的相关性r值加粗并标注为蓝色, 浅蓝色表示P < 0.05, 蓝色表示P < 0.01, 深蓝色表示P < 0.001。

Table 3 The Pearson correlation analysis among Rhododendron vegetative and reproductive organs traits, the secondary materials components, altitudes and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity and relative light intensity). In the table, the lower left value of the gray split line indicates correlation (r), and the upper right value of the gray split line indicates significance (P). If the P < 0.05, the P value will be bold, and the corresponding r value will be bold and marked as blue, light blue indicates P < 0.05, blue indicates P < 0.01, and dark blue indicates P < 0.001.

图4 不同海拔杜鹃的10个表型特征和5种次生代谢物含量的主成分分析(PCA)

Fig. 4 Principal component analysis (PCA) of ten phenotypic characteristics and five secondary material components (flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, phenylpropanoid and alkaloid) of Rhododendron at different altitudes

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海拔及环境因子影响杜鹃属植物的表型特征和化学性状

Altitude-related environmental factors shape the phenotypic characteristics and chemical profile of Rhododendron

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