雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔梯度下消落区植被NDVI的时空变化趋势及驱动因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2023432

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 23432. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023432

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔梯度下消落区植被NDVI的时空变化趋势及驱动因素

张瑶¹^,², 孙君瑶²^,³(), 李伟¹^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()()

1.西藏大学生态环境学院, 拉萨 850000
2.中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物研究中心, 武汉 430074
3.中国科学院武汉植物园湿地演化与生态恢复湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430074
4.西藏雅尼湿地生态系统定位观测研究站, 拉萨 850000
5.西藏大学青藏高原生物多样性与生态环境保护教育部重点实验室, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2023-11-13 接受日期:2024-02-04 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-06-03
通讯作者: *E-mail: liwei@wbgcas.cn
基金资助:
西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202303ZY0002G)

Temporal and spatial trends in NDVI of vegetation in water level fluctuation zone and drivers along an altitude gradient in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

Yao Zhang¹^,², Junyao Sun²^,³(), Wei Li¹^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()()

1 School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000
2 Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
3 Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
4 Yani Wetland Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Tibet, Lhasa 850000
5 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000

Received:2023-11-13 Accepted:2024-02-04 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-06-03
Contact: *E-mail: liwei@wbgcas.cn

1. 附录.pdf(222KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

消落区植被的生长变化一定程度上会影响水资源的可用性。雅鲁藏布江是中国、印度、孟加拉等国家的主要淡水水源地, 流域内海拔落差大, 气候的空间异质性较高。消落区在淡水生态系统保护中具有重要功能, 但它易受到全球气候变化的影响, 因此开展消落区植被对气候变化的响应研究对于保护雅鲁藏布江流域生物多样性和构建生态安全屏障具有重要意义。本研究选取雅鲁藏布江流域消落区植被作为研究对象, 利用遥感技术, 选取归一化植被指数(NDVI)进行了Theil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验, 利用Hurst指数探究了长时间序列下消落区植被的时空变化趋势, 并通过广义线性模型研究了消落区植被NDVI与气温、降水、雪水当量和水位波动频率等影响因素之间的相关性。结果表明, 1990-2022年间, 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区和1-5 km缓冲区的平均NDVI呈现西北低、东南高的变化趋势。时间尺度上, 消落区植被NDVI总体呈波动上升趋势, 其中最高值(0.16)和最低值(0.06)分别出现在2002年和2022年。年均NDVI的变化结果显示, 中高海拔区域的NDVI持续增加, 而中下游区域的NDVI变化不稳定。随着海拔升高, 消落区和1-5 km缓冲区的NDVI持续减少和反持续减少的面积占比呈波动变化, 海拔1,500-3,000 m地区受影响最为明显。水位波动频率是消落区NDVI的最佳解释变量之一, 而温度则是缓冲区NDVI的主要影响因素。此外, 随着海拔升高, 雪水当量对NDVI的解释力逐渐增加。该研究对雅鲁藏布江流域的生物多样性保护和生态安全屏障的构建具有重要意义。

关键词: 消落区, 水位波动频率, 雪水当量, 海拔, 归一化植被指数

Abstract

Aim: The important question of how riparian vegetation adapts to climatic and river hydrological changes is gaining global attention. Yet, the impact of snow and frequency of water level fluctuation on vegetation in the water level fluctuation zones remains underexplored. This study focuses on the response of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of riparian vegetation to climatic and hydrological changes in the basin of Yarlung Zangbo River, with an emphasis on understanding the impacts of snow and water level fluctuations in alpine fluctuation zones.

Method: This study employed Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test to evaluate spatiotemporal vegetation trends utilizing NDVI as a key indicator from 1990 to 2022 in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, focusing on both the water level fluctuation zone and the adjacent 1-5 km buffer zones. A generalized linear model was used to quantify influencing factors including temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent, and frequency of water level fluctuation.

Results: The spatial distribution of riparian vegetation’s NDVI demonstrated lower values in the northwest and higher in the southeast. Temporally, a notable fluctuating upward trend in NDVI was observed, reaching its peak in 2002 (0.16) and its bottom in 2022 (0.06). The annual NDVI progression revealed a consistent increase at mid-to-high altitudes, contrasting with the downstream areas’ sustained and irregular declines. Altitudinal analysis indicated that the decrease in NDVI varied in both the water level fluctuation and buffer zones, but was especially prominent between 1,500-3,000 m. The frequency of water level fluctuations stood out as the primary determinant for riparian NDVI, while temperature predominantly influenced the buffer zone’s NDVI. Additionally, the role of snow water equivalent in explaining NDVI became increasingly significant with elevation.

Conclusion: Vegetation in the water level fluctuation zone is influenced by various climatic and environmental factors, with water level fluctuations being pivotal. The importance of snow intensifies with increasing altitude, underscoring its significance in the spatial-temporal vegetation distribution.

Key words: water level fluctuation zone, frequency of water level fluctuation, snow water equivalent, elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

张瑶, 孙君瑶, 李伟 (2024) 雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔梯度下消落区植被NDVI的时空变化趋势及驱动因素. 生物多样性, 32, 23432. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023432.

Yao Zhang, Junyao Sun, Wei Li (2024) Temporal and spatial trends in NDVI of vegetation in water level fluctuation zone and drivers along an altitude gradient in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23432. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023432.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023432

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I5/23432

图/表 11

图1 雅鲁藏布江流域地理位置图

Fig. 1 Geographical location of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

图2 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区范围示意图。(a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. (a) 4,500- 6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m.

表1 雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔范围植被及气候特征

Table 1 Vegetation and climate characteristics of different altitude zone in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

海拔区 Altitude zone	主要植被类型 Main vegetation type	气候类型 Type of climate	特点 Characteristics
0-1,500 m	亚热带落叶阔叶林 Subtropical deciduous broad-leaved forest	亚热带湿润气候 Humid subtropical climate	干湿季分明, 多云雾 Dry and wet seasons are distinct, often with cloudy and foggy conditions
1,500-3,000 m	亚热带山地针叶林 Subtropical montane coniferous forests	亚热带湿润气候 Humid subtropical climate	干湿季分明 Dry and wet seasons are distinct
3,000-4,500 m	亚热带针叶林、亚热带落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical coniferous forest, subtropical deciduous broad-leaved shrub	温带草原气候 Temperate steppe climate	干湿季分明, 受积雪影响 Distinct dry and wet seasons, influenced by snow accumulation
4,500-6,000 m	嵩草、杂类草干旱草甸 Tarragon, miscellaneous grasses arid meadows	温带草原气候 Temperate steppe climate	光照充足, 辐射强度大, 干湿季节明显, 受积雪影响 Abundant sunlight, high radiation intensity, distinct dry and wet seasons, influenced by snow accumulation
6,000-7,500 m	嵩草、杂类草干旱草甸、高山稀疏植被 Tarragon, miscellaneous grasses arid meadows, alpine sparse vegetation	温带草原气候 Temperate steppe climate	长时间积雪, 广泛分布冰川、多年冻土 Prolonged snowpack, widespread glaciers, permafrost

图3 1990-2022年雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区归一化植被指数(NDVI)均值分布。(a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m。

Fig. 3 Distribution of mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin from 1990 to 2022. (a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m.

图4 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区年均归一化植被指数(NDVI)的时间变化趋势

Fig. 4 Temporal trends of the annual mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

图5 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区归一化植被指数(NDVI)的年均变化趋势检验分布。(a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m。

Fig. 5 Distribution of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of annual mean change trend test in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. (a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m.

图6 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区归一化植被指数(NDVI)变化趋势面积占比

Fig. 6 Percentage of area coverage for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change trends in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

图7 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区归一化植被指数(NDVI)未来变化趋势持续性分析。(a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m。

Fig. 7 Persistence analysis of the future trend of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. (a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m.

图8 雅鲁藏布江流域消落区及1-5 km缓冲区归一化植被指数(NDVI)未来衰减趋势占比。图中仅展示了持续减少与反持续减少趋势面积占比, 而6,000-7,500 m缓冲区1-3 km不存在持续减少与反持续减少区域。

Fig. 8 Percentage of degradation trend in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-5 km buffer zones of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. The figure only displays the percentage of area exhibiting a decreasing or anti-decreasing trend. There are no areas exhibiting decreasing or anti-decreasing trends within the 1-3 km buffer zones of 6,000-7,500 m.

图9 温度(T)、降水(P)、雪水当量(S)、水位波动频率(W)对归一化植被指数(NDVI)的相对重要性。(a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m。

Fig. 9 Relative importance of temperature (T), precipitation (P), snow water equivalent (S), and frequency of water level fluctuation (W) on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). (a) 4,500-6,000 m; (b) 3,000-4,500 m; (c) 1,500-4,500 m; (d) 0-1,500 m.

图10 温度、降水、雪水当量、水位波动频率对归一化植被指数(NDVI)的相对重要性。(f)中消落区和缓冲区1-3 km没有数据, 因为海拔6,500-7,000 m消落区和1-3 km缓冲区的NDVI因数据量少未能成功构建广义线性模型。

Fig. 10 Relative importance of temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent, and frequency of water level fluctuation related to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Due to the small amount of NDVI data within an altitude range of 6,500-7,000 m, no generalized linear model was successfully constructed for NDVI in the water level fluctuation zone and 1-3 km buffer zones within an altitude range of 6,500 to 7,000 m.

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雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔梯度下消落区植被NDVI的时空变化趋势及驱动因素

Temporal and spatial trends in NDVI of vegetation in water level fluctuation zone and drivers along an altitude gradient in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

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