西双版纳热带植物园蝴蝶多样性稳定的年际变化及幼虫与植物的互作网络结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2023305

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 23305. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023305

所属专题：生物入侵

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西双版纳热带植物园蝴蝶多样性稳定的年际变化及幼虫与植物的互作网络结构

王朝雅¹^,²(), 李金涛¹^,³(), 刘畅¹, 王波¹(), 苗白鸽¹^,^*()(), 彭艳琼¹^,^*()()

1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园中国科学院热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650091

收稿日期:2023-08-30 接受日期:2023-12-06 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-28
通讯作者: *E-mail: miaobaige@xtbg.org.cn; pengyq@xtbg.ac.cn
作者简介:第一联系人：^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
中国科学院昆虫多样性监测专项

Interannual stability in butterfly diversity and the larvae-plant interaction network structure at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden

Chaoya Wang¹^,²(), Jintao Li¹^,³(), Chang Liu¹, Bo Wang¹(), Baige Miao¹^,^*()(), Yanqiong Peng¹^,^*()()

1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091

Received:2023-08-30 Accepted:2023-12-06 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-28
Contact: *E-mail: miaobaige@xtbg.org.cn; pengyq@xtbg.ac.cn
About author:First author contact:^#Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蝴蝶是全球重要的生物资源, 对环境变化敏感, 是生物多样性监测的重要指示物种。中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园物种资源丰富, 为查明其蝴蝶群落结构和多样性的年际变化及幼虫与植物互作的关系, 本研究选取了3种代表性生境, 采用样线法开展了6年的蝴蝶多样性观测。结果显示: 样线上共观测到蝴蝶成虫15,826只, 隶属5科146属251种, 其中蛱蝶科属、种数量最多, 达56属112种, 凤蝶科最低, 仅有8属21种; 蛱蝶科群落的Shannon和Simpson多样性指数均最高, 粉蝶科群落的Shannon和Simpson多样性指数均最低, 但其优势度指数最高。共记录到优势种蝴蝶20种、稀有种100种及常见种131种。成虫月发生动态显示蝴蝶的物种和个体数量均在雨季最多, 年际间气候对蝴蝶群落的多样性影响不明显, 蝴蝶群落中物种及数量年际间变化不显著; Beta多样性显示物种重叠分布, 蝴蝶群落年际间表现稳定。此外, 蝴蝶幼虫取食植物种类表现专一, 与本地植物形成的取食网络比与外来植物形成的取食网络有更高的加权嵌套性及稳健性, 互作网络较稳定。本研究探明了中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园蝴蝶群落结构及多样性的年际变化模式, 并初步构建、展示了蝴蝶幼虫与植物互作的网络及结构特征, 研究结果可为蝴蝶多样性保护、深入研究蝴蝶与植物互作机制提供科学依据。

关键词: 蝴蝶, 群落组成, 多样性, 年际变化, 幼虫与植物互作网络

Abstract

Aims: Butterflies hold global significance as biological resources that are sensitive to environmental changes, making them an important indicator species for monitoring biodiversity and reflecting environmental changes. This study aims to investigate the interannual variability of butterfly communities and the interaction of the larvae-plant relationship at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), elucidating the change patterns in community structure and diversity.

Methods: Three distinct habitats were selected, and butterfly diversity was investigated alongside 2 km transects sampling over a period of six years. Moreover, butterfly larvae and their feeding on plants were identified and recorded.

Results: A total of 15,826 butterflies belonging to 5 families, 146 genera, and 251 species were recorded on three transect lines at XTBG. The Nymphalidae exhibited the highest numbers of 56 genera and 112 species, while the Papilionidae had the lowest with 8 genera and 21 species. The Nymphalidae also showed the highest Shannon and Simpson diversities, while those of Pieridae were the lowest but exhibited the highest species dominance. The community included a total of 20 dominant species, 100 rare species and 131 common species. In the adult stage, the dynamic occurrence of butterfly species and individual abundance peaks occurred during the rainy season, with no significant interannual climatic impact on species diversity of the butterfly community. Both species composition and abundance showed no significant variation among the years, with interannual beta diversity demonstrating stable species overlap. Furthermore, butterfly larvae often feed on species-specific plants, forming feeding networks with native plants that display higher weighted nestedness and robustness compared to the networks formed with non-native plants, suggesting that the larvae-native plant network is more stable.

Conclusion: This research sheds light on the interannual variation pattern of butterfly community structure and diversity at XTBG. Our results showed that the butterfly communities exhibited interannual stability. The larvae-plant networks were constructed to exhibit the high specialization and had different structural traits between larvae-native and larvae-non-native plants. The results of this study provides scientific basis for the protection of butterfly diversity and supports the need for further research on the butterfly and plant interactions.

Key words: butterfly, community composition, diversity, interannual variability, larvae-plant interaction network

王朝雅, 李金涛, 刘畅, 王波, 苗白鸽, 彭艳琼 (2023) 西双版纳热带植物园蝴蝶多样性稳定的年际变化及幼虫与植物的互作网络结构. 生物多样性, 31, 23305. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023305.

Chaoya Wang, Jintao Li, Chang Liu, Bo Wang, Baige Miao, Yanqiong Peng (2023) Interannual stability in butterfly diversity and the larvae-plant interaction network structure at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23305. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023305.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023305

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I12/23305

图/表 6

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科名 Family	属数 No. of genera	个体数 No. of individuals	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon多样性 Shannon diversity	Simpson多样性 Simpson diversity
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	8	791	21 ± 6.57	9.05 ± 0.27	6.68 ± 0.26
粉蝶科 Pieridae	13	6,316	24 ± 6.01	4.83 ± 0.10	2.60 ± 0.05
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	56	4,818	112 ± 14.28	34.98 ± 0.70	19.54 ± 0.46
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	40	3,464	53 ± 11.23	13.27 ± 0.26	7.62 ± 0.19
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	29	437	41 ± 9.68	21.82 ± 1.23	14.54 ± 1.24

科名 Family	属数 No. of genera	个体数 No. of individuals	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon多样性 Shannon diversity	Simpson多样性 Simpson diversity
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	8	791	21 ± 6.57	9.05 ± 0.27	6.68 ± 0.26
粉蝶科 Pieridae	13	6,316	24 ± 6.01	4.83 ± 0.10	2.60 ± 0.05
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	56	4,818	112 ± 14.28	34.98 ± 0.70	19.54 ± 0.46
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	40	3,464	53 ± 11.23	13.27 ± 0.26	7.62 ± 0.19
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	29	437	41 ± 9.68	21.82 ± 1.23	14.54 ± 1.24

优势种(优势度) Dominant species (Dominance index)	个体数 No. of individuals (%)	优势种(优势度) Dominant species (Dominance index)	个体数 No. of individuals (%)
凤蝶科 Papilionidae (0.01)		蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae (0.26)
美凤蝶 Papilio memnon	216 (1.36)	小眉眼蝶 Mycalesis mineus	390 (2.46)
粉蝶科 Pieridae (0.36)		黄绢坎蛱蝶 Chersonesia risa	421 (2.66)
东方菜粉蝶 Pieris canidia	538 (3.40)	矍眼蝶 Ypthima balda	428 (2.70)
安迪黄粉蝶 Eurema andersoni	369 (2.33)	稻眉眼蝶 Mycalesis gotama	197 (1.24)
檗黄粉蝶 Eurema blanda	293 (1.85)	灰蝶科 Lycaenidae (0.15)
宽边黄粉蝶 Eurema hecabe	559 (3.53)	素雅灰蝶 Jamides alecto	198 (1.25)
迁粉蝶 Catopsilia pomona	3,798 (24.00)	锡冷雅灰蝶 Jamides celeno	391 (2.47)
鹤顶粉蝶 Hebomoia glaucippe	167 (1.06)	酢浆灰蝶 Pseudozizeeria maha	565 (3.57)
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae (0.26)		毛眼灰蝶 Zizina otis	965 (6.10)
钩翅眼蛱蝶 Junonia iphita	428 (2.70)	疑波灰蝶 Prosotas dubiosa	167 (1.06)
蛇眼蛱蝶 Junonia lemonias	543 (3.43)	长腹灰蝶 Zizula hylax	155 (0.98)
裴斯眉眼蝶 Mycalesis perseus	1,738 (1.12)	弄蝶科 Hesperiidae (0)

优势种(优势度) Dominant species (Dominance index)	个体数 No. of individuals (%)	优势种(优势度) Dominant species (Dominance index)	个体数 No. of individuals (%)
凤蝶科 Papilionidae (0.01)		蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae (0.26)
美凤蝶 Papilio memnon	216 (1.36)	小眉眼蝶 Mycalesis mineus	390 (2.46)
粉蝶科 Pieridae (0.36)		黄绢坎蛱蝶 Chersonesia risa	421 (2.66)
东方菜粉蝶 Pieris canidia	538 (3.40)	矍眼蝶 Ypthima balda	428 (2.70)
安迪黄粉蝶 Eurema andersoni	369 (2.33)	稻眉眼蝶 Mycalesis gotama	197 (1.24)
檗黄粉蝶 Eurema blanda	293 (1.85)	灰蝶科 Lycaenidae (0.15)
宽边黄粉蝶 Eurema hecabe	559 (3.53)	素雅灰蝶 Jamides alecto	198 (1.25)
迁粉蝶 Catopsilia pomona	3,798 (24.00)	锡冷雅灰蝶 Jamides celeno	391 (2.47)
鹤顶粉蝶 Hebomoia glaucippe	167 (1.06)	酢浆灰蝶 Pseudozizeeria maha	565 (3.57)
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae (0.26)		毛眼灰蝶 Zizina otis	965 (6.10)
钩翅眼蛱蝶 Junonia iphita	428 (2.70)	疑波灰蝶 Prosotas dubiosa	167 (1.06)
蛇眼蛱蝶 Junonia lemonias	543 (3.43)	长腹灰蝶 Zizula hylax	155 (0.98)
裴斯眉眼蝶 Mycalesis perseus	1,738 (1.12)	弄蝶科 Hesperiidae (0)

互作网络 Interaction networks	连接度 Connectance	网络特化水平 Specialization	加权嵌套性 Weighted NODF	模块性 Modularity	稳健性 Robustness
幼虫-本地植物网络 Larvae-native plant network	0.02 (0.03 ± 0.002)	0.92 (0.98 ± 0.02)	0.46 (0.27 ± 0.17)	0.84 (0.84 ± 0.05)	0.55 (0.53 ± 0.01)
幼虫-外来植物网络 Larvae-non-native plant network	0.03 (0.04 ± 0.003)	0.99 (1.00 ± 0.001)	0.13 (0.08 ± 0.13)	0.92 (0.88 ± 0.03)	0.51 (0.49 ± 0.01)
置换检验 Permutation test	Z = -6.75, P < 0.001	Z = -3.84, P < 0.001	Z = 4.07, P < 0.001	Z = -3.10, P < 0.005	Z = 7.09, P < 0.001

西双版纳热带植物园蝴蝶多样性稳定的年际变化及幼虫与植物的互作网络结构

Interannual stability in butterfly diversity and the larvae-plant interaction network structure at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden

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