南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2022205

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22205. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022205

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构变化

吴文佳¹^,²^,³, 袁也¹^,²^,⁴, 张静¹^,²^,³, 周丽霞¹^,²^,³, 王俊¹^,², 任海¹^,², 刘占锋¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室/中国科学院海岛与海岸带生态修复工程实验室, 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
2.华南国家植物园, 广州 510650
3.南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室(广州), 广州 511458
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-04-20 接受日期:2022-06-01 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-06-23
通讯作者: *E-mail: liuzf@scbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3100405);广州市科技计划(202102020452);广州市科技计划(202102020491)

Dynamics of soil nematode community during the succession of forests in southern subtropical China

Wenjia Wu¹^,²^,³, Ye Yuan¹^,²^,⁴, Jing Zhang¹^,²^,³, Lixia Zhou¹^,²^,³, Jun Wang¹^,², Hai Ren¹^,², Zhanfeng Liu¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems / CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
2. South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650
3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2022-04-20 Accepted:2022-06-01 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-06-23
Contact: *E-mail: liuzf@scbg.ac.cn

1. 附录1 土壤线虫各个属在不同演替阶段森林中的多度.pdf(126KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林演替会通过改变植物群落组成和土壤环境影响土壤生物群落, 反过来, 土壤生物群落的变化也会对生态系统的演替产生反馈作用, 但迄今南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤生物群落的变化特征尚不清晰。本研究以广东省鼎湖山的南亚热带森林演替序列(马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林-针阔叶混交林-季风常绿阔叶林)为对象, 研究了森林演替过程中土壤线虫多样性和群落结构的动态变化及其影响因素。通过采集不同演替阶段的土壤样品, 分析和比对了不同演替阶段土壤线虫的多度、多样性、群落组成、土壤线虫生态指数以及土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明: (1)在南亚热带森林演替过程中, 针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林土壤线虫的α多样性显著高于马尾松林, 但土壤线虫总数和各营养类群多度及其相对丰度并无显著变化; (2)针阔叶混交林中土壤线虫富集指数显著高于马尾松林, 表明其土壤养分状况要好于马尾松林, 而季风常绿阔叶林土壤线虫结构指数较高, 表明其受干扰程度较低; (3)针阔叶混交林的土壤含水量和土壤理化性质(除土壤总磷含量)已达到季风常绿阔叶林的水平, 但两者的土壤pH值均显著低于马尾松林, 而土壤pH值和土壤含水量是影响土壤线虫群落动态变化的主要因素。综上所述, 南亚热带森林中土壤线虫多度、多样性和群落结构对森林演替的响应略有不同, 演替过程中土壤环境因素的趋同是导致针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中土壤线虫多样性和群落特征相似的主要原因。

关键词: 南亚热带森林, 自然演替, 多样性, 土壤线虫, 土壤健康

Abstract

Aims: The succession of southern subtropical forests can alter the composition of vegetation and soil environment, thus exerting a profound influence on soil biota. Consequentially, the changes in soil biota can then in turn influence the succession progress of the forest ecosystem. To date, the specifics related to the dynamics of soil biota during the succession of subtropical forests are not well understood. Here, we investigated the diversity and structural dynamics of the soil nematode community and associated it with environmental factors during the succession of forests (i.e., Pinus massoniana forest (PF)-mixed pine and broadleaf forest (MF)-monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (MEBF)) in Dinghushan, Guangdong.
Methods: Soil samples from each forest were collected. The abundance, diversity, community composition, and ecological indices of soil nematode community as well as soil properties were analyzed and compared amongst different forests.
Results: (1) With the succession of southern subtropical forests, the α diversity of soil nematodes was significantly higher in MF and MEBF than that in PF; however, there were no significant changes in the total abundance of soil nematodes or the relative abundance of different trophic groups. (2) The enrichment index of soil nematodes in MF was significantly higher than that in PF, thus indicating higher soil fertility in MF, while the higher structural index in MEBF indicated a decreased disturbance degree of the ecosystem. (3) The soil moisture content and soil properties (excluding soil phosphorus levels) in MF were at the same level as that in MEBF while the soil pH was significantly lower than that in PF. The soil pH and soil moisture content were the predominant factors for the dynamics of the soil nematode community.
Conclusion: The responses of soil nematodes to vegetation succession are different in the abundance, diversity, and community composition, and the convergence of soil environment in the process of succession can explain the observed similarities in the nematode community between MF and MEBF.

Key words: southern subtropical forest, natural succession, diversity, soil nematode, soil health

吴文佳, 袁也, 张静, 周丽霞, 王俊, 任海, 刘占锋 (2022) 南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构变化. 生物多样性, 30, 22205. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022205.

Wenjia Wu, Ye Yuan, Jing Zhang, Lixia Zhou, Jun Wang, Hai Ren, Zhanfeng Liu (2022) Dynamics of soil nematode community during the succession of forests in southern subtropical China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22205. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022205.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022205

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22205

图/表 6

表1 鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤理化性质和微生物群落特征(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 1 Soil properties and microbial community characteristics in the different forest successional stages at Dinghu Mountain (mean ± SE)

	马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	针阔叶混交林 Mixed pine and broadleaf forest	常绿阔叶林 Monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest
土壤理化性质 Soil physiochemical properties
土壤pH Soil pH	3.99 ± 0.02^a	3.84 ± 0.01^c	3.89 ± 0.01^b
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content (%)	9.57 ± 0.60^b	17.16 ± 0.92^a	19.35 ± 1.13^a
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g/kg)	9.24 ± 0.99^b	23.72 ± 2.35^a	23.28 ± 2.94^a
土壤总氮含量 Soil nitrogen content (mg/g)	0.75 ± 0.07^b	1.50 ± 0.08^a	1.54 ± 0.15^a
土壤总磷含量 Soil phosphorus content (mg/g)	0.14 ± 0.01^bc	0.16 ± 0.01^b	0.20 ± 0.01^a
土壤C/N比 Soil C/N ratio	12.48 ± 1.21^a	15.63 ± 1.08^a	14.92 ± 0.44^a
土壤C/P比 Soil C/P ratio	66.73 ± 6.99^b	144.29 ± 11.24^a	115.58 ± 11.69^a
土壤N/P比 Soil N/P ratio	5.33 ± 0.26^b	9.24 ± 0.41^a	7.69 ± 0.60^a
土壤微生物 Soil microbes
细菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Bacterial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) concentration (nmol/g)	1.81 ± 0.18^b	3.01 ± 0.19^a	2.79 ± 0.13^a
真菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Fungal PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	0.06 ± 0.00^b	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.00^ab
丛枝菌根真菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	0.04 ± 0.01^b	0.1 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a
放线菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Actinomycetes PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	0.50 ± 0.07^b	0.84 ± 0.05^a	0.81 ± 0.04^a
总微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量 Total microbial PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	2.41 ± 0.25^b	4.04 ± 0.26^a	3.76 ± 0.18^a
真菌/细菌比 Fungi/Bacteria ratio	0.03 ± 0.00^a	0.03 ± 0.00^ab	0.02 ± 0.00^b
革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌比 Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria ratio	2.04 ± 0.05^b	2.05 ± 0.11^ab	2.45 ± 0.03^a
细菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of bacteria (%)	75.14 ± 0.43^a	74.48 ± 0.23^a	74.52 ± 0.29^a
真菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of fungi (%)	2.59 ± 0.22^a	2.31 ± 0.07^a	1.83 ± 0.09^b
丛枝菌根真菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of AMF (%)	1.72 ± 0.08^b	2.41 ± 0.12^a	2.31 ± 0.11^a
放线菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of actinomycetes (%)	20.55 ± 0.65^a	20.79 ± 0.22^a	21.34 ± 0.26^a

表1 鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤理化性质和微生物群落特征(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 1 Soil properties and microbial community characteristics in the different forest successional stages at Dinghu Mountain (mean ± SE)

	马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	针阔叶混交林 Mixed pine and broadleaf forest	常绿阔叶林 Monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest
土壤理化性质 Soil physiochemical properties
土壤pH Soil pH	3.99 ± 0.02^a	3.84 ± 0.01^c	3.89 ± 0.01^b
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content (%)	9.57 ± 0.60^b	17.16 ± 0.92^a	19.35 ± 1.13^a
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g/kg)	9.24 ± 0.99^b	23.72 ± 2.35^a	23.28 ± 2.94^a
土壤总氮含量 Soil nitrogen content (mg/g)	0.75 ± 0.07^b	1.50 ± 0.08^a	1.54 ± 0.15^a
土壤总磷含量 Soil phosphorus content (mg/g)	0.14 ± 0.01^bc	0.16 ± 0.01^b	0.20 ± 0.01^a
土壤C/N比 Soil C/N ratio	12.48 ± 1.21^a	15.63 ± 1.08^a	14.92 ± 0.44^a
土壤C/P比 Soil C/P ratio	66.73 ± 6.99^b	144.29 ± 11.24^a	115.58 ± 11.69^a
土壤N/P比 Soil N/P ratio	5.33 ± 0.26^b	9.24 ± 0.41^a	7.69 ± 0.60^a
土壤微生物 Soil microbes
细菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Bacterial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) concentration (nmol/g)	1.81 ± 0.18^b	3.01 ± 0.19^a	2.79 ± 0.13^a
真菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Fungal PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	0.06 ± 0.00^b	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.00^ab
丛枝菌根真菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	0.04 ± 0.01^b	0.1 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a
放线菌磷脂脂肪酸含量 Actinomycetes PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	0.50 ± 0.07^b	0.84 ± 0.05^a	0.81 ± 0.04^a
总微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量 Total microbial PLFAs concentration (nmol/g)	2.41 ± 0.25^b	4.04 ± 0.26^a	3.76 ± 0.18^a
真菌/细菌比 Fungi/Bacteria ratio	0.03 ± 0.00^a	0.03 ± 0.00^ab	0.02 ± 0.00^b
革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌比 Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria ratio	2.04 ± 0.05^b	2.05 ± 0.11^ab	2.45 ± 0.03^a
细菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of bacteria (%)	75.14 ± 0.43^a	74.48 ± 0.23^a	74.52 ± 0.29^a
真菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of fungi (%)	2.59 ± 0.22^a	2.31 ± 0.07^a	1.83 ± 0.09^b
丛枝菌根真菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of AMF (%)	1.72 ± 0.08^b	2.41 ± 0.12^a	2.31 ± 0.11^a
放线菌相对丰度 Relative abundance of actinomycetes (%)	20.55 ± 0.65^a	20.79 ± 0.22^a	21.34 ± 0.26^a

图1 鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林中土壤线虫群落特征及生态指标(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同小写字母代表不同演替阶段样地间差异显著。PF: 马尾松林; MF: 针阔叶混交林; MEBF: 季风常绿阔叶林。

Fig. 1 Characteristics and ecological indices of soil nematode community in different forest successional stages at Dinghu Mountain (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among plots of different successional stages. PF, Pinus massoniana forest; MF, Mixed pine and broadleaf forest; MEBF, Monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest.

图2 鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林中土壤线虫群落物种组成结构的主坐标分析(PCoA)分析结果

Fig. 2 Results of principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) of species composition of soil nematode community in different forest successional stages at Dinghu Mountain. PF, Pinus massoniana forest; MF, Mixed pine and broadleaf forest; MEBF, Monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest.

图3 土壤线虫各营养类群多度和生态指标间相关关系的Pearson检验及其与土壤理化性质和土壤微生物相关关系的Mantel检验。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Pearson correlation analysis of the abundance of different trophic groups and ecological indexes of soil nematode, and Mantel test of soil properties, soil microbes and soil nematode. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图4 土壤线虫属与土壤理化性质和土壤微生物生物量间关系的冗余分析(RDA)。Acro: 拟丽突属; Aphe1: 滑刃属; Aphe2: 真滑刃属; Epi: 表矛线属; Eud: 真矛属; File: 丝尾线虫属; Helic: 螺旋属; Heter: 胞囊属; Mesoc: 中环线虫属; Mesod: 中矛属; Mesor: 中杆属; Mono: 单齿属; Parat: 针属; Prot: 原杆属; Pseu: 假丽突属; Rhab: 杆咽属; Roty: 肾状线虫属; Tylen1: 垫咽属; Tylen2: 垫刃属; Tric: 毛刺属; Xiphi: 剑线虫属。

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of nematode genera in relations to soil properties and microbial biomass. Acro, Acrobeloides; Aphe1, Aphelenchoides; Aphe2, Aphelenchus; Epi, Epidorylaimus; Eud, Eudorylaimus; File, Filenchus; Helic, Helicotylenchus; Heter, Heterodera; Mesoc, Mesocriconema; Mesod, Mesodorylaimus; Mesor, Mesorhabditis; Mono, Mononchus; Parat, Paratylenchus; Prot, Protorhabditis; Pseu, Pseudacrobeles; Rhab, Rhabdolaimus; Roty, Rotylenchulus; Tylen1, Tylencholaimus; Tylen2, Tylenchus; Tric, Trichodorus; Xiphi: Xiphinema. SMC, Soil moisture content.

图5 南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫多样性和群落动态变化概念图

Fig. 5 Conceptual map of diversity and structure dynamics of soil nematode community during the succession of southern subtropical forest. PF, Pinus massoniana forest; MF, Mixed pine and broadleaf forest; MEBF, Monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest.

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南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构变化

Dynamics of soil nematode community during the succession of forests in southern subtropical China

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