山东烟台大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2015217

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解烟台大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落特征及受干扰情况, 于2012年9月在上述区域设置12个采样点进行大型底栖动物群落调查和分析。对采集的生物样品进行物种鉴定、计数和称重, 利用生物统计软件PRIMER计算优势度指数(Y)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J), 并进行等级聚类(CLUSTER)、非度量多维标度排序(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, MDS)及丰度/生物量曲线(abundance and biomass curves, ABC)分析。共采集和鉴定大型底栖动物89种, 优势类群为多毛类。总平均生物量为18.02 g/m², 软体动物贡献率最高; 总平均丰度为2,165 ind./m², 甲壳类贡献率最高。丰富度指数(D)、均匀度指数(J)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')分别为2.620 ± 1.324、0.585 ± 0.294和2.398 ± 1.351。CLUSTER聚类和MDS标序结果表明, 在30%的相似性水平, 不同站位可分为5组, 且不同组间差异显著。环境因子与群落分布特征相关性较大, 其中最能解释群落丰度和生物量空间分布特征的环境因子为水温、盐度和总磷含量。ABC曲线表明该区域超过80%的采样点其大型底栖动物已受到中等到严重程度的扰动。结合历史资料发现, 调查区域大型底栖动物群落物种呈小型化变动趋势, 尤其是大沽夹河入海口处, 物种组成单一, 小型甲壳类占绝对优势。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 环境因子, 群落演替, 大沽夹河河口

Abstract

A survey on macrobenthic assemblages was carried out in the estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent waters in September 2012 (Yantai, China), to investigate the macrobenthic community and disturbance from anthropogenic activities. The software package PRIMER was used to calculate four biodiversity indices and carry out CLUSTER, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) ordination analyses, abundance and biomass curves (ABC) to analyze the community structure. A total of 89 macrobenthic species were identified, of which the dominant group was polychaetes. The average biomass and abundance was 18.02 g/m² and 2,165 ind./m², respectively, of which Molluscan species contributed most to biomass and Crustacean species contributed most to abundance. Three biodiversity indices, Richness index, Evenness index and Shannon-Wiener index were 2.620 ± 1.324、0.585 ± 0.294 and 2.398 ± 1.351, respectively. CLUSTER and MDS analysis showed that macrobenthic assemblages could be divided into five sub-groups based on Bray-Curtis similarity and significant difference was found within the sub-groups. The spatial distribution of abundance and biomass of the community was closely related to water temperature, salt and total phosphorus. ABC curves showed the macrobenthic assemblages suffered disturbance from moderate to severe extent due to anthropogenic activities. Further analysis shows community succession has occurred, seen through a miniaturization tendency of individual body size, and decreasing number of species in assemblages as well as the dominant group changing to Crustacea in the estuary of Dagujia River.

Key words: macrobenthos, community structure, environmental factors, community succession, estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent water areas

李晓静, 周政权, 陈琳琳, 李宝泉 (2016) 山东烟台大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落特征. 生物多样性, 24, 157-165. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015217.

Xiaojing Li, Zhengquan Zhou, Linlin Chen, Baoquan Li (2016) Characteristics of macrobenthic communities in the estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent water areas in Yantai, Shandong. Biodiversity Science, 24, 157-165. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015217.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015217

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I2/157

图/表 9

图1 大沽夹河河口及其邻近海域大型底栖动物的调查站位

Fig. 1 Sampling stations of macrobenthos in the estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent water areas

表1 群落优势种在各站位的分布(+表示分布在该站位)

Table 1 Spatial distribution of dominant species in the sampling stations (+ means the species were recorded in the station)

	刚鳃虫 Chaetozone setosa	日本大螯蜚 Grandidierella japonica	丝异蚓虫 Heteromastus filiforms	不倒翁虫 Sternaspis sculata
N1	+	+	+	+
N2
N3	+		+	+
N4	+		+
N5		+	+	+
N6	+	+	+	+
N7	+		+	+
N8	+		+	+
N9	+		+	+
N10	+	+	+	+
N11	+	+
N12	+	+	+

图2 大型底栖动物生物量在调查站位的空间分布

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of macrobenthic biomass in the sampling stations

图3 大型底栖动物丰度在调查站位的空间分布

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of macrobenthic abundance in the sampling stations

表2 大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落的物种多样性指数

Table 2 Species biodiversity indices of macrobenthic communities in the estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent water areas

站位 Station	丰富度指数 Species richness index (D)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J')	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H')
N1	2.864	0.914	3.737
N2	0.813	0.896	1.792
N3	2.469	0.583	2.521
N4	1.798	0.602	2.084
N5	2.510	0.699	2.855
N6	3.365	0.412	1.960
N7	3.434	0.646	3.071
N8	3.275	0.290	1.395
N9	4.803	0.842	4.319
N10	4.291	0.906	4.356
N11	0.604	0.144	0.373
N12	1.209	0.087	0.313
平均值±标准差 Mean ± SD	2.620 ± 1.324	0.585 ± 0.294	2.398 ± 1.351

图4 大沽夹河河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落的CLUSTER聚类分析结果

Fig. 4 CLUSTER analysis of macrobenthos in the estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent water areas

图5 调查站位环境因子主成分分析排序图。A: 水深; B: 水温; C: 盐度; D: 溶解氧; E: pH; F: 磷酸-磷; G: 总磷; H: 铵盐-氮; I: 亚硝酸-氮; J: 硝酸-氮; K: 总氮; L: 硅酸-硅。

Fig. 5 Ordination of sampling stations by Principal Component Analysis on environmental factors. A, Water depth; B, Water temperature; C, Salinity; D, Dissolved oxygen; E, pH; F, Phosphoric acid-phosphorus; G, Total phosphorus; H, Ammonium salt-nitrogen; I, Nitrous acid-nitrogen; J, Nitric acid-nitrogen; K, Total nitrogen; L, Silicic acid-silicon.

表3 生物多样性指数与环境因子的Pearson相关分析

Table 3 Pearson correlation between environmental factors and species biodiversity indices

	丰富度指数 Species richness index (D)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H')
水深 Water depth	0.747^**	0.478	0.719^**
水深 Water depth	水温 Water temperature	0.687^*	0.038	0.404
盐度 Salinity	水温 Water temperature	0.402	0.537	0.521
盐度 Salinity	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)	-0.201	-0.523	-0.399
pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)	0.364	0.315	0.459
pH	磷酸-磷 Phosphoric acid - phosphorus (PO₄^3--P)	0.533	0.273	0.477
总磷 Total phosphorus (TP)	磷酸-磷 Phosphoric acid - phosphorus (PO₄^3--P)	-0.108	-0.074	-0.002
总磷 Total phosphorus (TP)	铵盐-氮 Ammonium salt - nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N)	0.400	0.040	0.276
亚硝酸盐-氮 Nitrous acid - nitrogen (NO₂^--N)	铵盐-氮 Ammonium salt - nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N)	0.467	0.170	0.419
亚硝酸盐-氮 Nitrous acid - nitrogen (NO₂^--N)	硝酸盐-氮 Nitric acid - nitrogen (NO₃^--N)	-0.160	-0.063	-0.012
总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)	硝酸盐-氮 Nitric acid - nitrogen (NO₃^--N)	-0.039	-0.020	0.029
总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)	硅酸-硅 Silicic acid - silicon (SiO₃-Si)	-0.350	-0.381	-0.315

图6 大沽夹河河口及邻近海域所有站位的ABC曲线

Fig. 6 ABC curves at all stations in the estuary of Dagujia River and its adjacent water areas

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