黄河三角洲湿地生态修复区大型底栖动物群落结构与生态健康评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2023303

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 23303. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023303 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023303

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

黄河三角洲湿地生态修复区大型底栖动物群落结构与生态健康评价

倪艳梅¹, 陈莉², 董志远², 孙德斌², 李宝泉²^,³(), 王绪敏¹, 陈琳琳²^,³^,^*()()

1.烟台大学生命科学学院, 山东烟台 264003
2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带生物学与生物资源保护实验室, 山东烟台 264003
3.中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所), 山东烟台 264003

收稿日期:2023-08-29 接受日期:2024-01-14 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-02-27
通讯作者: *E-mail: llchen@yic.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项“美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”(XDA23050202);国家自然科学基金(42176160);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MD084)

Community structure of macrobenthos and ecological health evaluation in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta wetland

Yanmei Ni¹, Li Chen², Zhiyuan Dong², Debin Sun², Baoquan Li²^,³(), Xumin Wang¹, Linlin Chen²^,³^,^*()()

1 School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003
2 Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003
3 Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Process and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Yantai, Shandong 264003

Received:2023-08-29 Accepted:2024-01-14 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-02-27
Contact: *E-mail: llchen@yic.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河三角洲国际重要湿地生物多样性保护工程于2019年动工, 本研究基于修复区内大型底栖动物群落组成特点及其与环境因子的相关关系, 分析大型底栖动物群落恢复特征, 了解该地区的生态系统健康状况, 评估保护工程实施三年后修复区湿地生态系统演替阶段及修复效果。结果表明: 2022年春、夏、秋三季共采集到大型底栖动物16种, 隶属于5门6纲15科, 昆虫纲动物在物种组成中占据优势地位; 大型底栖动物密度和生物多样性指数的时空差异均不显著(P > 0.05); 大型底栖动物生物量存在显著的季节差异, 表现为秋季(2.89 g/m²) > 夏季(1.95 g/m²) > 春季(1.90 g/m²), 秋季与春季和夏季间均存在显著差异(P < 0.05), 空间差异不显著(P > 0.05)。与环境因子的相关性分析结果显示, 蠓科一种(Ceratopogonidae sp.)、石缨虫属一种(Laonome sp.)、椭圆萝卜螺(Radix swinhoei)、尖口圆扁螺(Hippeutis cantori)等物种密度与电导率、盐度、总碳、铵盐和亚硝酸盐等指标显著相关(P < 0.01)。快速生物综合评价指数评定修复区为“亚健康”状态。本研究通过对黄河三角洲湿地修复区大型底栖动物群落特征以及生态健康评价的分析, 为修复区底栖动物群落的演替规律研究提供基础数据和科学依据, 为后续湿地修复工程的实施和管理提供指导和参考, 对于黄河三角洲生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。

关键词: 黄河三角洲, 生态修复, 大型底栖动物, 快速生物评价, 群落结构

Abstract

Aims: The internationally important wetland biodiversity conservation project of the Yellow River Delta started in 2019. This study used macrobenthos community characteristics and their relationship with environmental factors to understand the health status of this ecosystem and assess the succession stage and repair effect after three years of restoration.
Methods: This study investigated the macrobenthos and environmental factors in the restoration area in May (spring), August (summer) and October (autumn) in 2022, respectively. The community structure, biodiversity, and their relationships with major environmental factors were analyzed by classical taxonomy, biodiversity index, cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scaling analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis.
Results: A total of 16 macrobenthic species belonging to 5 phyla, 6 classes and 15 families were collected in spring, summer and autumn. Insecta species were found dominant in species composition. The number of macrobenthic species in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area showed an increasing trend during the survey period, with Chironomidae sp., Radix swinhoei, and Hippeutis cantori becoming the dominant species in the area, as well as key characteristic and differential species in the community structure. The species density was significantly correlated with indicators such as specific conductance, salinity, total carbon, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen (P < 0.01). The rapid biological comprehensive evaluation index evaluated the restoration area as the “sub-health” state.
Conclusion: The restoration area is developing towards a healthier and more orderly direction but is currently in a “sub-health” state, indicating a need for continued restoration work. Ecological succession is a slow process which requires long-term ecological monitoring in our research area, including an analysis of the reconstruction process of the disturbed macrobenthic community structure in the Yellow River Delta ecological restoration area, and an exploration of the regular changes in ecological succession.

Key words: the Yellow River Delta, ecological restoration, macrobenthos, rapid biological evaluation, community structure

倪艳梅, 陈莉, 董志远, 孙德斌, 李宝泉, 王绪敏, 陈琳琳 (2024) 黄河三角洲湿地生态修复区大型底栖动物群落结构与生态健康评价. 生物多样性, 32, 23303. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023303.

Yanmei Ni, Li Chen, Zhiyuan Dong, Debin Sun, Baoquan Li, Xumin Wang, Linlin Chen (2024) Community structure of macrobenthos and ecological health evaluation in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta wetland. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23303. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023303.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023303

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I3/23303

图/表 9

图1 黄河三角洲湿地修复区采样点分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling sites in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

表1 黄河三角洲湿地修复区大型底栖动物群落优势种组成

Table 1 The dominant species composition of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

物种 Species	优势度 Dominance (Y)
物种 Species	2022.5	2022.8	2022.10
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	0.475*	0.738*	0.757*
蠓科一种 Ceratopogonidae sp.	0.072*	0.002	0.010
龙虱科一种 Dytiscidae sp.	0.005		0.026*
软体动物门 Mollusca
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	0.220*	0.043*	0.084*
尖口圆扁螺 Hippeutis cantori	0.011	0.178*	0.071*
线虫动物门 Nematoda
线虫动物一种 Nematoda sp.	0.111*		0.009

图2 黄河三角洲湿地修复区大型底栖动物优势种空间分布

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of dominant macrobenthic species in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

图3 黄河三角洲湿地修复区大型底栖动物密度(a)和生物量(b)分布

Fig. 3 The density and biomass distribution of macrobenthos in the Yellow River Delta wetland restoration area

图4 2022年黄河三角洲修复区大型底栖动物群落多样性指数的季节(a)和空间(b)差异

Fig. 4 Seasonal (a) and spatial (b) change of biodiversity index of macrobenthic communities in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta in 2022

图5 黄河三角洲修复区大型底栖动物群落的聚类分析(a)和多维尺度排序(b)。5-S1: 春季S1站位; 5-S2: 春季S2站位; 5-S3: 春季S3站位; 5-S4: 春季S4站位; 8-S1: 夏季S1站位; 8-S2: 夏季S2站位; 8-S3: 夏季S3站位; 8-S4: 夏季S4站位; 10-S1: 秋季S1站位; 10-S2: 秋季S2站位; 10-S3: 秋季S3站位; 10-S4: 秋季S4站位。

Fig. 5 Cluster analysis (a) and multi-dimensional scaling (b) of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow River Delta restoration area. 5-S1, S1 station in spring; 5-S2, S2 station in spring; 5-S3, S3 station in spring; 5-S4, S4 station in spring; 8-S1, S1 station in summer; 8-S2, S2 station in summer; 8-S3, S3 station in summer; 8-S4, S4 station in summer; 10-S1, S1 station in autumn; 10-S2, S2 station in autumn; 10-S3, S3 station in autumn; 10-S4, S4 station in autumn.

表2 研究区域大型底栖动物群落相似性分析

Table 2 Similarity analysis of macrobenthic communities in the study area

物种 Species	平均相似度 Average similarity (%)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)
II组 Group II (组内相似性69.9% Within-group similarity 69.9%)
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	31.90	45.64	45.64
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	18.78	26.87	72.51
蠓科一种 Ceratopogonidae sp.	11.95	17.10	89.61
线虫动物一种 Nematoda sp.	5.09	7.28	96.89
IV组 Group IV (组内相似性68.81% Within-group similarity 68.81%)
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	36.91	53.65	53.65
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	11.73	17.05	70.69
尖口圆扁螺 Hippeutis cantori	10.76	15.63	86.32
龙虱科一种 Dytiscidae sp.	3.64	5.29	91.62
II组和IV组 Group II and Group IV (组间差异性47.22% 47.22% difference between groups)
摇蚊幼虫一种 Chironomidae sp.	13.03	27.59	27.59
尖口圆扁螺 Hippeutis cantori	8.24	17.46	45.05
线虫动物一种 Nematoda sp.	6.00	12.69	57.74
龙虱科一种 Dytiscidae sp.	3.88	8.21	65.95
蠓科一种 Ceratopogonidae sp.	3.82	8.09	74.04
椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	2.63	5.56	79.60

图6 黄河三角洲修复区大型底栖动物类群与环境因子的相关关系。T: 温度; DO: 溶解氧; SPC: 电导率; SAL: 盐度; pH: 酸碱度; NO2--N: 亚硝酸盐; NH4+-N: 铵盐; NO3--N: 硝酸盐; PO43--P: 磷酸盐; SiO32--Si: 硅酸盐; TN: 总氮; TOC: 总有机碳; TC: 总碳。**P < 0.01。

Fig. 6 Correlation between major macrobenthic groups and environmental factors in the Yellow River Delta restoration area. T, Temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; SPC, Specific conductance; SAL, Salinity; NO2--N, Nitrite nitrogen; NH4+-N, Ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, Nitrate; PO43--P, Phosphate; SiO32--Si, Silicate; TN, Total nitrogen; TOC, Total organic carbon; TC, Total carbon. **P < 0.01.

图7 大型底栖动物类群单因子指数健康得分情况

Fig. 7 Single-factor index health scores for macrobenthic taxa

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黄河三角洲湿地生态修复区大型底栖动物群落结构与生态健康评价

Community structure of macrobenthos and ecological health evaluation in the restoration area of the Yellow River Delta wetland

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