生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 23319. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023319 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023319
陈瑶琪1, 郭晶晶1,2, 蔡国俊1, 葛依立1, 廖宇1, 董正1, 符辉1,*()
收稿日期:
2023-09-04
接受日期:
2024-01-25
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2024-03-06
通讯作者:
*E-mail: huifu367@163.com
基金资助:
Yaoqi Chen1, Jingjing Guo1,2, Guojun Cai1, Yili Ge1, Yu Liao1, Zheng Dong1, Hui Fu1,*()
Received:
2023-09-04
Accepted:
2024-01-25
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2024-03-06
Contact:
*E-mail: huifu367@163.com
摘要:
沉水植物在维持浅水湖泊生态系统健康和稳定等方面起着重要作用, 掌握其长期动态及驱动因子对湖泊生态系统恢复和富营养化治理具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究以长江中下游17个湖泊为研究对象, 分析了近70年(1954-2021)来沉水植物的α和β多样性格局及其变化情况, 并基于Sørensen相异性指数将β多样性分解为周转(turnover)和嵌套(nestedness)两个组分, 探讨了湖泊环境异质性变化与沉水植物群落多样性格局的联系。结果表明: (1)在湖泊尺度上, 11个湖泊沉水植物的α多样性呈减小趋势; 而大多数湖泊βtemporal多样性(同一湖泊不同年份之间的群落结构相异性)无显著变化, 且其变异主要由不同物种间的嵌套成分驱动。(2)在流域尺度上, 长江中下游湖泊沉水植物的α多样性在演化过程中呈先增大后减小的趋势, βspatial多样性(同一时期不同湖泊之间的群落结构相异性)在演化过程中呈逐渐减小的趋势, 而湖泊环境异质性呈逐渐增大的趋势。(3)环境异质性越高的湖泊, 其α多样性越小, β多样性越大。这些变化可能是多种因素综合作用的结果, 包括人类活动、水质污染、水文变化和气候变化等。本研究对于长江中下游湖泊生态系统管理和保护具有一定理论价值, 为制定有效的保护策略和措施提供了科学依据。
陈瑶琪, 郭晶晶, 蔡国俊, 葛依立, 廖宇, 董正, 符辉 (2024) 近七十年(1954-2021)长江中下游湖泊沉水植物群落多样性演变特征. 生物多样性, 32, 23319. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023319.
Yaoqi Chen, Jingjing Guo, Guojun Cai, Yili Ge, Yu Liao, Zheng Dong, Hui Fu (2024) Evolution characteristics of submerged macrophyte community diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the past seventy years (1954-2021). Biodiversity Science, 32, 23319. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023319.
编号 No. | 科 Family | 物种 Species | 编号 No. | 科 Family | 物种 Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 菹草 Potamogeton crispus | 21 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 伊乐藻 Elodea nuttallii |
02 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 鸡冠眼子菜 P. cristatus | 22 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 光果黑藻 Hydrilla roxburghii |
03 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 光叶眼子菜 P. lucens | 23 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 轮叶黑藻 H. verticillata |
04 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 微齿眼子菜 P. maackianus | 24 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 弯果茨藻 Najas ancistrocarpa |
05 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 八蕊眼子菜 P. octandrus | 25 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 多孔茨藻 N. foveolata |
06 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 尖叶眼子菜 P. oxyphyllus | 26 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 纤细茨藻 N. gracillima |
07 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 蓼叶眼子菜 P. polygonifolius | 27 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 草茨藻 N. graminea |
08 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 小眼子菜 P. pusillus | 28 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 大茨藻 N. marina |
09 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 竹叶眼子菜 P. wrightii | 29 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 小茨藻 N. minor |
10 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 丝叶眼子菜 Stuckenia filiformis | 30 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 澳古茨藻 N. oguraensis |
11 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 篦齿眼子菜 S. pectinata | 31 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 东方茨藻 N. orientalis |
12 | 轮藻科 Characeae | 轮藻 Chara vulgaris | 32 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 龙舌草 Ottelia alismoides |
13 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 东方狐尾藻 Myriophyllum oguraense | 33 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 密刺苦草 Vallisneria denseserrulata |
14 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 穗状狐尾藻 M. spicatum | 34 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 苦草 V. natans |
15 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 乌苏里狐尾藻 M. ussuriense | 35 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 刺苦草 V. spinulosa |
16 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 狐尾藻 M. verticillatum | 36 | 毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 水毛茛 Batrachium bungei |
17 | 金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae | 金鱼藻 Ceratophyllum demersum | 37 | 毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 毛柄水毛茛 B. trichophyllum |
18 | 金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae | 粗糙金鱼藻 C. muricatum kossinskyi | 38 | 狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae | 黄花狸藻 Utricularia aurea |
19 | 金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae | 五刺金鱼藻 C. oryzetorum | 39 | 狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae | 少花狸藻 U. gibba |
20 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 水筛 Blyxa japonica |
表1 长江中下游17个湖泊中出现的沉水植物物种名录
Table 1 Species list of submerged macrophytes appearing in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
编号 No. | 科 Family | 物种 Species | 编号 No. | 科 Family | 物种 Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 菹草 Potamogeton crispus | 21 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 伊乐藻 Elodea nuttallii |
02 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 鸡冠眼子菜 P. cristatus | 22 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 光果黑藻 Hydrilla roxburghii |
03 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 光叶眼子菜 P. lucens | 23 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 轮叶黑藻 H. verticillata |
04 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 微齿眼子菜 P. maackianus | 24 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 弯果茨藻 Najas ancistrocarpa |
05 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 八蕊眼子菜 P. octandrus | 25 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 多孔茨藻 N. foveolata |
06 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 尖叶眼子菜 P. oxyphyllus | 26 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 纤细茨藻 N. gracillima |
07 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 蓼叶眼子菜 P. polygonifolius | 27 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 草茨藻 N. graminea |
08 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 小眼子菜 P. pusillus | 28 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 大茨藻 N. marina |
09 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 竹叶眼子菜 P. wrightii | 29 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 小茨藻 N. minor |
10 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 丝叶眼子菜 Stuckenia filiformis | 30 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 澳古茨藻 N. oguraensis |
11 | 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae | 篦齿眼子菜 S. pectinata | 31 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 东方茨藻 N. orientalis |
12 | 轮藻科 Characeae | 轮藻 Chara vulgaris | 32 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 龙舌草 Ottelia alismoides |
13 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 东方狐尾藻 Myriophyllum oguraense | 33 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 密刺苦草 Vallisneria denseserrulata |
14 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 穗状狐尾藻 M. spicatum | 34 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 苦草 V. natans |
15 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 乌苏里狐尾藻 M. ussuriense | 35 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 刺苦草 V. spinulosa |
16 | 小二仙草科 Haloragaceae | 狐尾藻 M. verticillatum | 36 | 毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 水毛茛 Batrachium bungei |
17 | 金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae | 金鱼藻 Ceratophyllum demersum | 37 | 毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 毛柄水毛茛 B. trichophyllum |
18 | 金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae | 粗糙金鱼藻 C. muricatum kossinskyi | 38 | 狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae | 黄花狸藻 Utricularia aurea |
19 | 金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae | 五刺金鱼藻 C. oryzetorum | 39 | 狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae | 少花狸藻 U. gibba |
20 | 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae | 水筛 Blyxa japonica |
图1 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数。P1: 1954-1980年; P2: 1981-2006年; P3: 2007-2021年。
Fig. 1 Shannon-Wiener diversity index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. P1, 1954-1980; P2, 1981-2006; P3, 2007-2021. BAH, Baoan Lake; DTH, Dongting Lake; FTH, Futou Lake; GCH, Gucheng Lake; HZXH, Hangzhou West Lake; CH, Chaohu Lake; HZH, Hongze Lake; CDH, Changdang Lake; CHH, Changhu Lake; LGH, Longgan Lake; GH, Gehu Lake; HH, Honghu Lake; LZH, Liangzi Lake; PYH, Poyang Lake; SJH, Shengjin Lake; TH, Taihu Lake; WHDH, Wuhan East Lake.
图2 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落Simpson优势度指数。缩写含义见图1。
Fig. 2 Simpson dominance index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Abbreviations can be found in Fig. 1.
图3 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落的物种丰富度指数。缩写含义见图1。
Fig. 3 Species richness index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Abbreviations can be found in Fig. 1.
图4 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落βtemporal多样性两个组分(嵌套、周转)的分布。缩写含义见图1。
Fig. 4 Distribution of two components of βtemporal-diversity (nestedness and turnover) in submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Abbreviations can be found in Fig. 1.
图5 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落α多样性指数的差异。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。不同时期湖泊数: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17。
Fig. 5 Difference of α-diversity index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. Number of lakes in different periods: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17.
图6 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落βspatial多样性指数的差异。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。不同时期湖泊数: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17。
Fig. 6 Difference of βspatial-diversity index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. Number of lakes in different periods: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17.
图7 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期环境异质性的差异。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。不同时期湖泊数: P1 = 4, P2 = 16, P3 = 17。
Fig. 7 Differences in environmental heterogeneity among 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during different periods. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. Number of lakes in different periods: P1 = 4, P2 = 16, P3 = 17.
图8 长江中下游17个湖泊沉水植物群落α多样性与环境异质性的关系
Fig. 8 Relationship between α-diversity of submerged macrophytes and environmental heterogeneity in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
图9 长江中下游17个湖泊沉水植物群落βtemporal多样性与环境异质性的关系
Fig. 9 Relationship between βtemporal-diversity of submerged macrophytes and environmental heterogeneity in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
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