近七十年(1954-2021)长江中下游湖泊沉水植物群落多样性演变特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2023319

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 23319. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023319

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

近七十年(1954-2021)长江中下游湖泊沉水植物群落多样性演变特征

陈瑶琪¹, 郭晶晶¹^,², 蔡国俊¹, 葛依立¹, 廖宇¹, 董正¹, 符辉¹^,^*()

1.湖南农业大学环境与生态学院洞庭湖区农村生态系统健康湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410128
2.始兴中学, 广东韶关 512599

收稿日期:2023-09-04 接受日期:2024-01-25 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-06
通讯作者: *E-mail: huifu367@163.com
基金资助:
湖南省自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(2021JJ20031);国家自然科学基金(32371642);湖南省学位与研究生教学改革项目(2021JGYB094)

Evolution characteristics of submerged macrophyte community diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the past seventy years (1954-2021)

Yaoqi Chen¹, Jingjing Guo¹^,², Guojun Cai¹, Yili Ge¹, Yu Liao¹, Zheng Dong¹, Hui Fu¹^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area in Hunan Province, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
2 Shixing Senior High School, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512599

Received:2023-09-04 Accepted:2024-01-25 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-06
Contact: *E-mail: huifu367@163.com

1. 附录.pdf(1281KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沉水植物在维持浅水湖泊生态系统健康和稳定等方面起着重要作用, 掌握其长期动态及驱动因子对湖泊生态系统恢复和富营养化治理具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究以长江中下游17个湖泊为研究对象, 分析了近70年(1954-2021)来沉水植物的α和β多样性格局及其变化情况, 并基于Sørensen相异性指数将β多样性分解为周转(turnover)和嵌套(nestedness)两个组分, 探讨了湖泊环境异质性变化与沉水植物群落多样性格局的联系。结果表明: (1)在湖泊尺度上, 11个湖泊沉水植物的α多样性呈减小趋势; 而大多数湖泊β_temporal多样性(同一湖泊不同年份之间的群落结构相异性)无显著变化, 且其变异主要由不同物种间的嵌套成分驱动。(2)在流域尺度上, 长江中下游湖泊沉水植物的α多样性在演化过程中呈先增大后减小的趋势, β_spatial多样性(同一时期不同湖泊之间的群落结构相异性)在演化过程中呈逐渐减小的趋势, 而湖泊环境异质性呈逐渐增大的趋势。(3)环境异质性越高的湖泊, 其α多样性越小, β多样性越大。这些变化可能是多种因素综合作用的结果, 包括人类活动、水质污染、水文变化和气候变化等。本研究对于长江中下游湖泊生态系统管理和保护具有一定理论价值, 为制定有效的保护策略和措施提供了科学依据。

关键词: 沉水植物, 湖泊, α多样性, β多样性, 群落演替, 环境异质性

Abstract

Aims: Submerged macrophytes play a crucial role in maintaining the health and stability of shallow lake ecosystems. Understanding their long-term dynamics and driving factors has significant theoretical and practical implications for the ecological restoration and eutrophication control of lakes.
Method: We analyzed the α- and β-diversity patterns of submerged macrophytes over the nearly 70 years (1954-2021) focused on the 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The β-diversity was further decomposed into turnover and nestedness components using the Sørensen dissimilarity index. This method allowed us to explore the linkages between changes in the lake environmental heterogeneity and the submerged macrophyte community diversity patterns.
Results: (1) At the lake scale, α-diversity of submerged macrophytes exhibited a decreasing trend in 11 lakes, while most lakes presented no significant changes in β_temporal-diversity (variations in community structure between different years within the same lake). This result was primarily driven by the nestedness component. (2) At the watershed scale, the α-diversity of submerged macrophytes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing during the evolutionary process. The β_spatial-diversity (variations in community structure between different lakes during the evolutionary process) exhibited a gradual decrease, while lake environmental heterogeneity showed a gradual increase. (3) Lakes with higher environmental heterogeneity tended to have lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity. These changes were likely the combined result of various factors including human activities, water pollution, hydrological changes, and climate variability.
Conclusion: Although the specific mechanisms require further investigation, we contribute to current research by providing theoretical significance for the management and conservation of lake ecosystems in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin. Our study provides a scientific basis for formulating effective conservation strategies and measures.

Key words: submerged macrophyte, lakes, α-diversity, β-diversity, community succession, environmental heterogeneity

陈瑶琪, 郭晶晶, 蔡国俊, 葛依立, 廖宇, 董正, 符辉 (2024) 近七十年(1954-2021)长江中下游湖泊沉水植物群落多样性演变特征. 生物多样性, 32, 23319. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023319.

Yaoqi Chen, Jingjing Guo, Guojun Cai, Yili Ge, Yu Liao, Zheng Dong, Hui Fu (2024) Evolution characteristics of submerged macrophyte community diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the past seventy years (1954-2021). Biodiversity Science, 32, 23319. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023319.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023319

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I3/23319

图/表 10

表1 长江中下游17个湖泊中出现的沉水植物物种名录

Table 1 Species list of submerged macrophytes appearing in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

编号 No.	科 Family	物种 Species	编号 No.	科 Family	物种 Species
01	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	菹草 Potamogeton crispus	21	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	伊乐藻 Elodea nuttallii
02	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	鸡冠眼子菜 P. cristatus	22	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	光果黑藻 Hydrilla roxburghii
03	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	光叶眼子菜 P. lucens	23	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	轮叶黑藻 H. verticillata
04	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	微齿眼子菜 P. maackianus	24	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	弯果茨藻 Najas ancistrocarpa
05	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	八蕊眼子菜 P. octandrus	25	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	多孔茨藻 N. foveolata
06	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	尖叶眼子菜 P. oxyphyllus	26	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	纤细茨藻 N. gracillima
07	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	蓼叶眼子菜 P. polygonifolius	27	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	草茨藻 N. graminea
08	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	小眼子菜 P. pusillus	28	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	大茨藻 N. marina
09	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	竹叶眼子菜 P. wrightii	29	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	小茨藻 N. minor
10	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	丝叶眼子菜 Stuckenia filiformis	30	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	澳古茨藻 N. oguraensis
11	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	篦齿眼子菜 S. pectinata	31	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	东方茨藻 N. orientalis
12	轮藻科 Characeae	轮藻 Chara vulgaris	32	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	龙舌草 Ottelia alismoides
13	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	东方狐尾藻 Myriophyllum oguraense	33	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	密刺苦草 Vallisneria denseserrulata
14	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	穗状狐尾藻 M. spicatum	34	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	苦草 V. natans
15	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	乌苏里狐尾藻 M. ussuriense	35	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	刺苦草 V. spinulosa
16	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	狐尾藻 M. verticillatum	36	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	水毛茛 Batrachium bungei
17	金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	金鱼藻 Ceratophyllum demersum	37	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	毛柄水毛茛 B. trichophyllum
18	金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	粗糙金鱼藻 C. muricatum kossinskyi	38	狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae	黄花狸藻 Utricularia aurea
19	金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	五刺金鱼藻 C. oryzetorum	39	狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae	少花狸藻 U. gibba
20	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	水筛 Blyxa japonica

表1 长江中下游17个湖泊中出现的沉水植物物种名录

Table 1 Species list of submerged macrophytes appearing in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

编号 No.	科 Family	物种 Species	编号 No.	科 Family	物种 Species
01	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	菹草 Potamogeton crispus	21	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	伊乐藻 Elodea nuttallii
02	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	鸡冠眼子菜 P. cristatus	22	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	光果黑藻 Hydrilla roxburghii
03	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	光叶眼子菜 P. lucens	23	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	轮叶黑藻 H. verticillata
04	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	微齿眼子菜 P. maackianus	24	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	弯果茨藻 Najas ancistrocarpa
05	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	八蕊眼子菜 P. octandrus	25	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	多孔茨藻 N. foveolata
06	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	尖叶眼子菜 P. oxyphyllus	26	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	纤细茨藻 N. gracillima
07	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	蓼叶眼子菜 P. polygonifolius	27	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	草茨藻 N. graminea
08	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	小眼子菜 P. pusillus	28	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	大茨藻 N. marina
09	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	竹叶眼子菜 P. wrightii	29	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	小茨藻 N. minor
10	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	丝叶眼子菜 Stuckenia filiformis	30	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	澳古茨藻 N. oguraensis
11	眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	篦齿眼子菜 S. pectinata	31	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	东方茨藻 N. orientalis
12	轮藻科 Characeae	轮藻 Chara vulgaris	32	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	龙舌草 Ottelia alismoides
13	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	东方狐尾藻 Myriophyllum oguraense	33	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	密刺苦草 Vallisneria denseserrulata
14	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	穗状狐尾藻 M. spicatum	34	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	苦草 V. natans
15	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	乌苏里狐尾藻 M. ussuriense	35	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	刺苦草 V. spinulosa
16	小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	狐尾藻 M. verticillatum	36	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	水毛茛 Batrachium bungei
17	金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	金鱼藻 Ceratophyllum demersum	37	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	毛柄水毛茛 B. trichophyllum
18	金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	粗糙金鱼藻 C. muricatum kossinskyi	38	狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae	黄花狸藻 Utricularia aurea
19	金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	五刺金鱼藻 C. oryzetorum	39	狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae	少花狸藻 U. gibba
20	水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	水筛 Blyxa japonica

图1 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数。P1: 1954-1980年; P2: 1981-2006年; P3: 2007-2021年。

Fig. 1 Shannon-Wiener diversity index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. P1, 1954-1980; P2, 1981-2006; P3, 2007-2021. BAH, Baoan Lake; DTH, Dongting Lake; FTH, Futou Lake; GCH, Gucheng Lake; HZXH, Hangzhou West Lake; CH, Chaohu Lake; HZH, Hongze Lake; CDH, Changdang Lake; CHH, Changhu Lake; LGH, Longgan Lake; GH, Gehu Lake; HH, Honghu Lake; LZH, Liangzi Lake; PYH, Poyang Lake; SJH, Shengjin Lake; TH, Taihu Lake; WHDH, Wuhan East Lake.

图2 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落Simpson优势度指数。缩写含义见图1。

Fig. 2 Simpson dominance index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Abbreviations can be found in Fig. 1.

图3 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落的物种丰富度指数。缩写含义见图1。

Fig. 3 Species richness index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Abbreviations can be found in Fig. 1.

图4 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落βtemporal多样性两个组分(嵌套、周转)的分布。缩写含义见图1。

Fig. 4 Distribution of two components of βtemporal-diversity (nestedness and turnover) in submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Abbreviations can be found in Fig. 1.

图5 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落α多样性指数的差异。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。不同时期湖泊数: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17。

Fig. 5 Difference of α-diversity index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. Number of lakes in different periods: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17.

图6 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期沉水植物群落βspatial多样性指数的差异。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。不同时期湖泊数: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17。

Fig. 6 Difference of βspatial-diversity index of submerged macrophytes in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different periods. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. Number of lakes in different periods: P1 = 8, P2 = 17, P3 = 17.

图7 长江中下游17个湖泊不同时期环境异质性的差异。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。不同时期湖泊数: P1 = 4, P2 = 16, P3 = 17。

Fig. 7 Differences in environmental heterogeneity among 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during different periods. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. Number of lakes in different periods: P1 = 4, P2 = 16, P3 = 17.

图8 长江中下游17个湖泊沉水植物群落α多样性与环境异质性的关系

Fig. 8 Relationship between α-diversity of submerged macrophytes and environmental heterogeneity in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

图9 长江中下游17个湖泊沉水植物群落βtemporal多样性与环境异质性的关系

Fig. 9 Relationship between βtemporal-diversity of submerged macrophytes and environmental heterogeneity in 17 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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近七十年(1954-2021)长江中下游湖泊沉水植物群落多样性演变特征

Evolution characteristics of submerged macrophyte community diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the past seventy years (1954-2021)

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