采用微卫星标记分析10个双峰驼群体的遗传变异和群体间的遗传关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08159

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 199-206. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08159

采用微卫星标记分析10个双峰驼群体的遗传变异和群体间的遗传关系

何晓红¹^,², 韩秀丽¹^,², 关伟军¹^,², 田可川³, 张文彬⁴, 马月辉¹^,²^,^*()

1 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193
2 农业部畜禽遗传资源与利用重点实验室, 北京 100193
3 新疆畜牧科学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
4 内蒙古阿拉善盟骆驼科学研究所, 内蒙古阿拉善左旗 750300

收稿日期:2011-09-09 接受日期:2012-03-27 出版日期:2012-03-20 发布日期:2012-04-09
通讯作者: 马月辉
作者简介:* E-mail: yuehui.ma@263.net
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(2010jc-8)

Genetic variability and relationship of 10 Bactrian camel populations revealed by microsatellite markers

Xiaohong He¹^,², Xiuli Han¹^,², Weijun Guan¹^,², Kechuan Tian³, Wenbin Zhang⁴, Yuehui Ma¹^,²^,^*()

1 Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
2 The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193
3 Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000
4 Bactrian Camels Institute of Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia 750300

Received:2011-09-09 Accepted:2012-03-27 Online:2012-03-20 Published:2012-04-09
Contact: Yuehui Ma

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为从分子水平上对我国双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)群体的遗传多样性、群体间遗传关系、群体遗传分化及近交情况进行全面、系统地研究, 为双峰驼种质资源保护和新品种培育提供基础数据, 本文利用18对微卫星引物, 分析了我国9个双峰驼群体和1个蒙古双峰驼群体的遗传多样性和遗传关系。结果显示: 10个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性, 共检测到242个等位基因, 平均等位基因数为13.44, 平均有效等位基因数为4.18, 平均观察杂合度(H_o)为0.5528。10个群体间存在显著的遗传分化, 有9.6%的遗传变异来自群体间, 90.4%的遗传变异来自群体内部的个体间。聚类分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构分析结果都表明10个群体被分成2个明显的分支, 新疆4个群体单独聚为一类, 剩下的6个群体聚为一类。这一结果可能与它们的地理分布和群体间的地理屏障有关。

关键词: 双峰驼, 微卫星, 遗传多样性, 遗传关系

Abstract

In order to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic relationship, genetic differentiation and possible inbreeding at the molecular level, nine Chinese indigenous Bactrian camel populations and one Mongolian population were sampled and genotyped using 18 microsatellite markers. We did so to provide scientific evidence and technical support for the development of sound policy for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Bactrian camel genetic resources. The results showed that all ten of the Bactrian camel populations had rich genetic diversity with a total of 242 alleles at the 18 loci. The mean number of alleles per locus was 13.44, the average number of effective alleles was 4.18, the mean observed heterozygosity (H_O) was 0.5528, and polymorphic information content (PIC) averaged 0.5996. Overall genetic differentiation among the ten populations was highly significant (P < 0.001) with 9.6% of the total genetic variance present among the populations and remaining 90.4% among individuals within the populations. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and structure analysis all indicated that the ten Bactrian camel populations were separated into two clades: the first included four populations from Xinjiang while the second was made up of the remaining six populations. The genetic differentiation and structuring among the 10 Bactrian camel populations were generally in agreement with the geographic distribution and natural geographic barriers among populations.

Key words: Bactrian camel, microsatellite, genetic diversity, genetic relationship

何晓红, 韩秀丽, 关伟军, 田可川, 张文彬, 马月辉 (2012) 采用微卫星标记分析10个双峰驼群体的遗传变异和群体间的遗传关系. 生物多样性, 20, 199-206. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08159.

Xiaohong He, Xiuli Han, Weijun Guan, Kechuan Tian, Wenbin Zhang, Yuehui Ma (2012) Genetic variability and relationship of 10 Bactrian camel populations revealed by microsatellite markers. Biodiversity Science, 20, 199-206. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08159.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08159

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I2/199

图/表 8

参考文献 18

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代码 Code	群体名称 Population name	样本数 Sample size	采集地 Sampling location
QH	青海双峰驼 Qinghai Bactrian camel	95	青海省海西州 Haixi Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China
AS	阿拉善双峰驼-沙漠型 Alashan Bactrian camel-desert type	50	内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alashan Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, China
AG	阿拉善双峰驼-戈壁型 Alashan Bactrian camel-Gobi type	50	内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alashan Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, China
GS	甘肃双峰驼 Gansu Bactrian camel	51	甘肃省酒泉 Jiuquan city, Gansu, China
SU	苏尼特双峰驼 Sunite Bactrian camel	27	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟 Silinghol League, Inner Mongolia, China
ALT	阿勒泰双峰驼 Altay Bactrian camel	46	新疆阿勒泰市 Altay City, Xinjiang, China
KKZ	柯尔克孜双峰驼 Kirgizi Bactrian camel	30	新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
ML	木垒长眉驼 Mulei Bactrian camel	34	新疆木垒 Mulei Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
YL	伊犁州双峰驼 Yili Bactrian camel	34	新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州 Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
MG	蒙古双峰驼 Mongolian Bactrian camel	38	蒙古国南戈壁省 South Gobi Province, Mongolia

代码 Code	群体名称 Population name	样本数 Sample size	采集地 Sampling location
QH	青海双峰驼 Qinghai Bactrian camel	95	青海省海西州 Haixi Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China
AS	阿拉善双峰驼-沙漠型 Alashan Bactrian camel-desert type	50	内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alashan Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, China
AG	阿拉善双峰驼-戈壁型 Alashan Bactrian camel-Gobi type	50	内蒙古阿拉善左旗 Alashan Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, China
GS	甘肃双峰驼 Gansu Bactrian camel	51	甘肃省酒泉 Jiuquan city, Gansu, China
SU	苏尼特双峰驼 Sunite Bactrian camel	27	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟 Silinghol League, Inner Mongolia, China
ALT	阿勒泰双峰驼 Altay Bactrian camel	46	新疆阿勒泰市 Altay City, Xinjiang, China
KKZ	柯尔克孜双峰驼 Kirgizi Bactrian camel	30	新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
ML	木垒长眉驼 Mulei Bactrian camel	34	新疆木垒 Mulei Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
YL	伊犁州双峰驼 Yili Bactrian camel	34	新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州 Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
MG	蒙古双峰驼 Mongolian Bactrian camel	38	蒙古国南戈壁省 South Gobi Province, Mongolia

位点 Locus	引物(5′-3′) Primer(5′-3′)	等位基因 Allele (bp)	荧光标记 Fluorescent label	退火温度 Tm (℃)	F_IT	F_ST	F_IS	基因流 N_m
CMS09	TGCTTTAGACGACTTTTACTTTAC ATTTCACTTTCTTCATACTTGTGAT	233-256	FAM	55	0.128^***	0.042^***	0.090^**	4.150
CMS17	TATAAAGGATCACTGCCTTC AAAATGAACCTCCATAAAGTTAG	144-149	FAM	55	0.184^***	0.146^***	0.045	1.600
CMS18	GAACGACCCTTGAAGACGAA AGCAGCTGGTTTTAGGTCCA	157-186	HEX	60	0.231^***	0.153^***	0.092^***	1.851
CMS32	ACGGACAAGAACTGCTCATA ACAACCAATAAATCCCCATT	198-204	FAM	51	0.420^***	0.019^***	0.408^***	7.381
CMS50	TTTATAGTCAGAGAGAGTGCTG TGTAGGGTTCATTGTAACA	154-183	FAM	55	0.042	0.050^***	-0.008	3.180
CMS121	CAAGAGAACTGGTGAGGATTTTC AGTTGATAAAAATACAGCTGGAAAG	151-159	FAM	59	0.163^***	0.062^***	0.107^***	4.029
CVRL01	GAAGAGGTTGGGGCACTAC CAGGCAGATATCCATTGAA	188-253	HEX	60	0.590^***	0.105^***	0.542^***	2.001
CVRL05	CCTTGGACCTCCTTGCTCTG GCCACTGGTCCCTGTCATT	148-174	HEX	56	0.090^**	0.031^***	0.061^*	5.612
CVRL06	TTTTAAAAATTCTGACCAGGAGTCTG CATAATAGCCAAAACATGGAAACAAC	185-205	HEX	59	0.243^***	0.045^***	0.208^***	4.061
CVRL07	AATACCCTAGTTGAAGCTCTGTCCT GAGTGCCTTTATAAATATGGGTCTG	255-263	FAM	56	0.366^***	0.224^***	0.183^***	0.662
LCA66	GTGCAGCGTCCAAATAGTCA CCAGCATCGTCCAGTATTCA	212-242	HEX	55	0.434^***	0.166^***	0.321^***	1.163
VOLP08	CCATTCACCCCATCTCTC TCGCCAGTGACCTTATTTAGA	142-180	FAM	52	0.127^***	0.073^***	0.059^*	2.536
VOLP10	CTTTCTCCTTTCCTCCCTACT CGTCCACTTCCTTCATTTC	232-260	FAM	58	0.117^***	0.048^***	0.073^***	3.973
VOLP32	GTGATCGGAATGGCTTGAAA CAGCGAGCACCTGAAAGAA	256-262	HEX	55	0.399^***	0.207^***	0.241^***	0.882
VOLP67	TTAGAGGGTCTATCCAGTTTC TGGACCTAAAAGAGTGGAG	142-172	FAM	60	0.399^***	0.034^***	0.378^***	5.698
YWLL08	ATCAAGTTTGAGGTGCTTTCC CCATGGCATTGTGTTGAAGAC	154-180	HEX	59	0.208^***	0.119^***	0.101^***	1.685
YWLL38	GGCCTAAATCCTACTAGAC CCTCTCACTCTTGTTCTCCTC	180-192	FAM	58	0.080^***	0.049^***	0.033	4.118
YWLL59	TGTGCAGGAGTTAGGTGTA CCATGTCTCTGAAGCTCTGGA	109-135	FAM	58	0.277^***	0.112^***	0.186^***	1.667
所有位点 All loci					0.240^***	0.096^***	0.159^***

位点 Locus	引物(5′-3′) Primer(5′-3′)	等位基因 Allele (bp)	荧光标记 Fluorescent label	退火温度 Tm (℃)	F_IT	F_ST	F_IS	基因流 N_m
CMS09	TGCTTTAGACGACTTTTACTTTAC ATTTCACTTTCTTCATACTTGTGAT	233-256	FAM	55	0.128^***	0.042^***	0.090^**	4.150
CMS17	TATAAAGGATCACTGCCTTC AAAATGAACCTCCATAAAGTTAG	144-149	FAM	55	0.184^***	0.146^***	0.045	1.600
CMS18	GAACGACCCTTGAAGACGAA AGCAGCTGGTTTTAGGTCCA	157-186	HEX	60	0.231^***	0.153^***	0.092^***	1.851
CMS32	ACGGACAAGAACTGCTCATA ACAACCAATAAATCCCCATT	198-204	FAM	51	0.420^***	0.019^***	0.408^***	7.381
CMS50	TTTATAGTCAGAGAGAGTGCTG TGTAGGGTTCATTGTAACA	154-183	FAM	55	0.042	0.050^***	-0.008	3.180
CMS121	CAAGAGAACTGGTGAGGATTTTC AGTTGATAAAAATACAGCTGGAAAG	151-159	FAM	59	0.163^***	0.062^***	0.107^***	4.029
CVRL01	GAAGAGGTTGGGGCACTAC CAGGCAGATATCCATTGAA	188-253	HEX	60	0.590^***	0.105^***	0.542^***	2.001
CVRL05	CCTTGGACCTCCTTGCTCTG GCCACTGGTCCCTGTCATT	148-174	HEX	56	0.090^**	0.031^***	0.061^*	5.612
CVRL06	TTTTAAAAATTCTGACCAGGAGTCTG CATAATAGCCAAAACATGGAAACAAC	185-205	HEX	59	0.243^***	0.045^***	0.208^***	4.061
CVRL07	AATACCCTAGTTGAAGCTCTGTCCT GAGTGCCTTTATAAATATGGGTCTG	255-263	FAM	56	0.366^***	0.224^***	0.183^***	0.662
LCA66	GTGCAGCGTCCAAATAGTCA CCAGCATCGTCCAGTATTCA	212-242	HEX	55	0.434^***	0.166^***	0.321^***	1.163
VOLP08	CCATTCACCCCATCTCTC TCGCCAGTGACCTTATTTAGA	142-180	FAM	52	0.127^***	0.073^***	0.059^*	2.536
VOLP10	CTTTCTCCTTTCCTCCCTACT CGTCCACTTCCTTCATTTC	232-260	FAM	58	0.117^***	0.048^***	0.073^***	3.973
VOLP32	GTGATCGGAATGGCTTGAAA CAGCGAGCACCTGAAAGAA	256-262	HEX	55	0.399^***	0.207^***	0.241^***	0.882
VOLP67	TTAGAGGGTCTATCCAGTTTC TGGACCTAAAAGAGTGGAG	142-172	FAM	60	0.399^***	0.034^***	0.378^***	5.698
YWLL08	ATCAAGTTTGAGGTGCTTTCC CCATGGCATTGTGTTGAAGAC	154-180	HEX	59	0.208^***	0.119^***	0.101^***	1.685
YWLL38	GGCCTAAATCCTACTAGAC CCTCTCACTCTTGTTCTCCTC	180-192	FAM	58	0.080^***	0.049^***	0.033	4.118
YWLL59	TGTGCAGGAGTTAGGTGTA CCATGTCTCTGAAGCTCTGGA	109-135	FAM	58	0.277^***	0.112^***	0.186^***	1.667
所有位点 All loci					0.240^***	0.096^***	0.159^***

群体 Population	H_o	H_e	PIC	平均等位基因数 MNA	有效等位基因 NE	基因丰富度 AR	所有位点F_IS F_ISof all loci
QH	0.572	0.687	0.639	8.78	3.63	4.91	0.168^*
AS	0.519	0.646	0.597	6.83	3.28	4.63	0.199^*
AG	0.518	0.638	0.587	6.94	3.18	4.57	0.191^*
GS	0.552	0.679	0.632	6.44	3.67	4.72	0.189^*
SU	0.574	0.649	0.589	5.56	3.13	4.43	0.118^*
MG	0.538	0.671	0.622	6.56	3.47	4.71	0.201^*
ALT	0.561	0.649	0.595	8.00	3.20	4.70	0.138^*
KKZ	0.589	0.648	0.591	6.22	3.05	4.48	0.093
ML	0.533	0.594	0.543	6.06	2.72	4.18	0.105^*
YL	0.573	0.654	0.600	6.39	3.19	4.66	0.125^*

采用微卫星标记分析10个双峰驼群体的遗传变异和群体间的遗传关系

Genetic variability and relationship of 10 Bactrian camel populations revealed by microsatellite markers

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	QH	AS	AG	GS	SU	MG	ALT	KKZ	ML	YL
QH		0.0603^**	0.0746^**	0.0734^**	0.0691^**	0.0645^**	0.0966^**	0.1253^**	0.1284^**	0.1238^**
AS	3.8959		0.0537^**	0.0960^**	0.0873^**	0.0624^**	0.0775^**	0.1170^**	0.1276^**	0.1266^**
AG	3.1012	4.4055		0.0729^**	0.1043^**	0.0790^**	0.0914^**	0.1400^**	0.1204^**	0.1415^**
GS	3.1560	2.3542	3.1794		0.1169^**	0.0678^**	0.1088^**	0.1493^**	0.1382^**	0.1394^**
SU	3.3679	2.6137	2.1469	1.8886		0.0852	0.1278^**	0.1694^**	0.1623^**	0.1455^**
MG	3.6260	3.7564	2.9146	3.4373	2.6843		0.0805^**	0.1280^*	0.1058^**	0.1235^*
ALT	2.3380	2.9758	2.4852	2.0478	1.7062	2.8556		0.0486^**	0.0346^**	0.0449^**
KKZ	1.7452	1.8868	1.5357	1.4245	1.2258	1.7031	4.8940		0.1004^**	0.0269^**
ML	1.6970	1.7092	1.8264	1.5590	1.2904	2.1129	6.9754	2.2400		0.0918^**
YL	1.7694	1.7247	1.5168	1.5434	1.4682	1.7743	5.3179	9.0437	2.4733

	QH	AS	AG	GS	SU	MG	ALT	KKZ	ML	YL
QH		0.1102	0.1299	0.1660	0.1587	0.1508	0.1985	0.2443	0.2249	0.2385
AS	0.1404		0.0986	0.1842	0.1695	0.1386	0.1586	0.2276	0.1991	0.2390
AG	0.1763	0.1118		0.1426	0.1820	0.1538	0.1736	0.2631	0.1946	0.2615
GS	0.1915	0.2385	0.1684		0.2374	0.1980	0.2228	0.2933	0.2443	0.2782
SU	0.1694	0.1997	0.2423	0.3143		0.1955	0.2701	0.3203	0.2853	0.3016
MG	0.1632	0.1423	0.1818	0.1710	0.2061		0.1723	0.2607	0.1914	0.2458
ALT	0.2470	0.1712	0.2044	0.2804	0.3208	0.1898		0.1298	0.0897	0.1223
KKZ	0.3499	0.2840	0.3529	0.4361	0.4786	0.3422	0.1027		0.1680	0.0825
ML	0.3149	0.2785	0.2538	0.3359	0.3821	0.2280	0.0617	0.2027		0.1453
YL	0.3484	0.3190	0.3632	0.4003	0.3894	0.3309	0.0957	0.0566	0.1843

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