黄海山东海域春、秋季鱼类群落多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08239

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 207-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08239

黄海山东海域春、秋季鱼类群落多样性

吕振波¹^,^*(), 李凡¹, 徐炳庆¹, 王波²

1 山东省海洋水产研究所, 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 山东烟台 264006
2 烟台大学海洋学院, 山东烟台 264005

收稿日期:2011-12-22 接受日期:2012-03-13 出版日期:2012-03-20 发布日期:2012-04-09
通讯作者: 吕振波
作者简介:* E-mail: ytlvzhenbo@163.com
基金资助:
山东省908专项(SD9080209);“山东近海经济生物资源产卵场、索饵场及生态环境”项目;“水生动物营养与饲料‘泰山学者’岗位”经费

Fish community diversity during spring and autumn in the Yellow Sea off the coast of Shandong

Zhenbo Lü¹^,^*(), Fan Li¹, Bingqing Xu¹, Bo Wang²

1 Shandong Marine and Fishery Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai, Shandong 264006
2 Ocean School of Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005

Received:2011-12-22 Accepted:2012-03-13 Online:2012-03-20 Published:2012-04-09
Contact: Zhenbo Lü

1. 附录I 2006年春、秋季调查黄海山东海域鱼类种类名录.pdf(178KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据2006年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)黄海山东海域疏目变水层双拖网调查数据, 作者对该海域鱼类群落多样性、空间分布及长度谱特征进行了研究。调查共捕获鱼类61种, 其中鲈形目种类最多(27种), 其次为鲱形目(8种)和鲉形目(7种); 按摄食类型可分为浮游动物食性、浮游动物/底栖动物食性、底栖动物食性、底栖动物/游泳动物食性、游泳动物食性、杂食性、碎屑食性7个类群, 其中浮游动物食性占渔获物重量组成的82.5%。春、秋季鱼类群落均主要由小型种类占优势, 春季优势种有3种, 为玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和方氏锦鳚(Pholis fangi), 秋季优势种有5种, 分别是鳀、青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)、玉筋鱼、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)。丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')的空间异质性明显, 表现出近岸海域(尤其是青岛-乳山南部近岸海域)较高, 深水区较低的态势, 但多样性指数的季节间差异不显著。资源量与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')、功能团多样性指数(FD)均呈负相关关系, 与种类丰富度指数(D)则无相关关系。春、秋季鱼类群落长度谱曲线斜率均小于-0.2, 而截距均大于10, 与该海域1985年及2000年的研究结果相比, 长度谱斜率显著降低、截距显著增加, 这与小型个体种类占优势密切相关。与历史资料相比, 黄海山东海域鱼类群落多样性下降, 小型个体比例上升, 资源呈衰退趋势。

关键词: 种类组成, 优势种, 功能团多样性, 长度谱, 空间分布

Abstract

Based on trawl survey data from May and October of 2006 in Yellow Sea off the coast of Shandong, China (35º00′-38º00′N, 120º30′-124º00′E), fish composition, dominant species, fish community diversity and size spectra were studied. A total of 61 species were collected, all of them were Osteichthyes species, belonging to 57 genera, 37 families and 13 orders. The most species-rich orders were Perciformes (27 species), Clupeiformes (8 species) and Scorpaendiformes (7 species). There were 7 fish groups according to an analysis of feeding habit: planktivores, planktivores/benthivores, benthivores, benthivores/piscivores, piscivores, omnivores, detritivores. Planktivores accounted for 82.5% of the total catch. There were 3 dominant species (Ammodytes personatus, Engraulis japonicus and Pholis fangi) in spring and 5 dominant species (Engraulis japonicus, Sardinella zunasi, Ammodytes personatus, Larimichthys polyactis and Thryssa kammalensis) in autumn according to analysis of Hill’s diversity; most of these were small-sized species. The highest diversity was found in the coastal waters (particularly in Qingdao and southern of Rushan waters), fish diversity decreased with increasing of water depth, and no significant differences were found between spring and autumn diversity indices. Biomass was negatively correlated with overall diversity and functional group diversity. The slope of size spectra was less than -0.2 both in spring and autumn, and the intercepts were both bigger than 10. When comparing 2006 data to 1985 and 2000 data, slope decreased, and intercept increased. These results might be attributed to the increased dominance of small-sized species in the total catch. Compared with historical data, fish resources in Yellow Sea off the coast of Shandong are obviously declining, with community diversity decreasing and proportion of small-sized individual increasing.

Key words: species composition, dominant species, functional group diversity, size spectra, spatial distribution

吕振波, 李凡, 徐炳庆, 王波 (2012) 黄海山东海域春、秋季鱼类群落多样性. 生物多样性, 20, 207-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08239.

Zhenbo Lü, Fan Li, Bingqing Xu, Bo Wang (2012) Fish community diversity during spring and autumn in the Yellow Sea off the coast of Shandong. Biodiversity Science, 20, 207-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08239.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08239

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I2/207

图/表 7

参考文献 30

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目 Order	科数 Number of family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	2	2	2
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	3	7	8
鲑形目 Salmoniformes	1	1	1
鳕形目 Gadiformes	1	1	1
鮟鱇目 Lophiformes	1	1	1
鲻形目 Mugiliformes	1	1	1
银汉鱼目 Atheriniformes	1	1	1
颌针鱼目 Belonigormes	2	2	2
刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	1	1	1
鲉形目 Scorpaendifrmes	5	6	7
鲈形目 Perciformes	16	27	27
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	2	5	5
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	2	2	4

目 Order	科数 Number of family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	2	2	2
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	3	7	8
鲑形目 Salmoniformes	1	1	1
鳕形目 Gadiformes	1	1	1
鮟鱇目 Lophiformes	1	1	1
鲻形目 Mugiliformes	1	1	1
银汉鱼目 Atheriniformes	1	1	1
颌针鱼目 Belonigormes	2	2	2
刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	1	1	1
鲉形目 Scorpaendifrmes	5	6	7
鲈形目 Perciformes	16	27	27
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	2	5	5
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	2	2	4

调查时间 Survey time	春季 Spring		秋季 Autumn
调查时间 Survey time	均值 Mean	范围 Range	均值 Mean	范围 Range
丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)	0.705±0.224	0.216-1.168	0.563±0.315	0-1.821
多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	0.807±0.474	0.058-1.745	0.859±0.519	0-1.821
均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index (J')	0.367±0.207	0.028-0.797	0.448±0.261	0-0.983
功能团多样性 Functional diversity (FD)	0.553±0.332	0.051-1.299	0.463±0.328	0-1.293

调查时间 Survey time	春季 Spring		秋季 Autumn
调查时间 Survey time	均值 Mean	范围 Range	均值 Mean	范围 Range
丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)	0.705±0.224	0.216-1.168	0.563±0.315	0-1.821
多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	0.807±0.474	0.058-1.745	0.859±0.519	0-1.821
均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index (J')	0.367±0.207	0.028-0.797	0.448±0.261	0-0.983
功能团多样性 Functional diversity (FD)	0.553±0.332	0.051-1.299	0.463±0.328	0-1.293

调查季节 Survey season	调查时间 Survey time	种类数 Number of species	多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	调查区域 Survey area	参考文献 Reference
春季 Spring	1959	37	2.37	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1981	90	3.30	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1985	83	3.21	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1986	78	1.81	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1998	39	0.73	山东半岛南部 Southern Shandong Peninsula	金显仕, 2003*
	2000	40	1.63	山东半岛南部 Southern Shandong Peninsula	金显仕, 2003*
	2006	50	0.81	黄海山东近海 Yellow Sea off Shandong	本文 This paper
夏季 Summer	1959	44	2.17	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
夏季 Summer	1985	99	2.46	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
秋季 Autumn	1959	73	2.73	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1985	99	2.83	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	2000	73	1.95	黄海 Yellow Sea	徐宾铎等, 2003
	2006	50	0.86	黄海山东近海 Yellow Sea off Shandong	本文 This paper
冬季 Winter	1959	36	2.13	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1985	70	2.72	黄海 Yellow Sea	Jin & Tang, 1996
	1991	52	1.46	黄海中部 Middle of Yellow Sea	程济生, 2000
	2000	-	1.58	黄海 Yellow Sea	程济生和俞连福, 2004

黄海山东海域春、秋季鱼类群落多样性

Fish community diversity during spring and autumn in the Yellow Sea off the coast of Shandong

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