巴尔通体在滇西南蝙蝠中高度流行并具有丰富的遗传变异特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2021028

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1245-1255. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021028

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

巴尔通体在滇西南蝙蝠中高度流行并具有丰富的遗传变异特征

栗冬梅¹^,^*(), 杨卫红², 李庆多¹, 韩茜², 宋秀平¹, 潘虹², 冯云²^,^*()

1.中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室, 传染病预防控制国家重点实验室, 感染性疾病诊治协同创新中心, 北京 102206
2.云南省地方病防治所病毒立克次体病防治科, 云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室, 云南大理 671000

收稿日期:2021-01-19 接受日期:2021-04-09 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-05-28
通讯作者: 栗冬梅,冯云
作者简介:ynfy428@163.com
* E-mail: lidongmei@icdc.cn;
第一联系人：
^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31970005);国家自然科学基金(31560049);国家科技重大专项(2017ZX10303404);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才(2019HB 052);云南省医学学科带头人(D-2017055)

High prevalence and genetic variation of Bartonella species inhabiting the bats in southwestern Yunnan

Dongmei Li¹^,^*(), Weihong Yang², Qingduo Li¹, Xi Han², Xiuping Song¹, Hong Pan², Yun Feng²^,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Vector Biology and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206
2 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan 671000

Received:2021-01-19 Accepted:2021-04-09 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-05-28
Contact: Dongmei Li,Yun Feng
About author:First author contact:
^#Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蝙蝠是很多病原微生物的自然宿主, 全球多项研究表明蝙蝠是巴尔通体(Bartonella species)的主要宿主。为了解滇西南地区蝙蝠中巴尔通体的流行特征, 我们于2015-2017年间在云南省4个地区应用网捕法捕获蝙蝠3种305只。经种类鉴定后采集肝脾组织, 提取核酸, 通过TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法检测巴尔通体的tmRNA基因ssrA, 并进行测序鉴定和系统发育分析。结果发现172只蝙蝠检出该基因, 总感染率为56.4%; 其中临沧、西双版纳、保山和瑞丽4个采样点的蝙蝠感染率分别为50.0% (22/44)、61.7% (29/47)、62.1% (18/29)和55.7% (103/185)。中菊头蝠(Rhinolophus affinis)、小菊头蝠(R. blythi)和棕果蝠(Rousettus leschenaultii)的感染率分别为50.0% (22/44)、62.1% (18/29)和56.9% (132/232), 差异没有统计学意义(χ² = 1.135, P = 0.567), 表明巴尔通体在云南当地的蝙蝠种群中高度流行。定量PCR扩增产物2次扩增后测序获得37个巴尔通体ssrA序列, 属于10个系统发育分支, 其中1个为伊丽莎白巴尔通体(B. elizabethae)、特利波契巴尔通体(B. tribocorum)和克拉斯诺夫巴尔通体(B. krasnovii)的近缘种。其余序列与已知巴尔通体距离较远, 与亚洲、欧洲和美洲等其他地域来源于蝙蝠的巴尔通体近缘。遗传多样性分析显示, ssrA基因的核苷酸多样性指数(π)为0.11381 ± 0.00928, 基因型多样性指数(Hd)为0.985 ± 0.010, 形成29个基因型(单倍型), 说明云南蝙蝠巴尔通体具有丰富的遗传多样性。通过对本研究标本与全球相关序列的系统发育网络重建, 分析全球蝙蝠巴尔通体的地理和宿主分布特征, 可以看出巴尔通体与蝙蝠之间存在显著的宿主特异性关联。因此可初步确定蝙蝠-巴尔通体具有协同进化特征, 同时受到地理隔离的影响。

关键词: 巴尔通体, 蝙蝠, 遗传多样性, 系统发育分析, 宿主动物

Abstract

Aims: Bats are natural reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses and non-viral pathogens. Several lines of evidence indicate that bats harbor diverse groups of Bartonella species and genotypes. Little is still known about how prevalence varies and the genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in bats in China.
Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, bats were captured in four areas in southwestern Yunnan by the net trapping method. Liver and spleen tissues of bats were collected, and nucleic acids were extracted after mixing and grinding. The ssrA gene of Bartonella spp. was detected by using the TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay (qPCR). The positive products of qPCR were amplified and sequenced to identify the species of Bartonella. The phylogenetic relationships were constructed by binary and network methods.
Results: We present the results of the investigation of bat-borne Bartonella in four areas of Yunnan Province, which have shown a high prevalence of Bartonella and high genetic diversity in the local bat population. Bartonella gene ssrA was detected by using qPCR in 56.4% (172/305) bats captured from four sampling sites, including 22 Rhinolophus affinis, 18 Rhinolophus blythi, and 132 Rousettus leschenaultii. There was no statistically significant difference (χ² = 1.135, P = 0.567) in the infection rates among species. The infection rates of Lincang, Xishuangbanna, Baoshan, and Ruili were 50.0% (22/44), 61.7% (29/47), 62.1% (18/29), and 55.7% (103/185), respectively. Thirty-seven ssrA sequences of Bartonella were obtained by second amplification from qPCR and sequencing. The binary tree revealed 10 phylogroups, one of which was related to B. elizabethae, B. tribocorum and B. krasnovii, the other sequences were far from the known Bartonella spp. and were closely related to bat-borne Bartonella from bats in Asia, Europe, and America. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the nucleotide diversity index (π) was 0.11381 ± 0.00928, and the genotypic diversity index (Hd) was 0.985 ± 0.010, which brought about 29 genotypes. The genetic networks constructed by 115 ssrA sequences exhibited that Bartonella spp. from global bats had an incomplete geographical distribution and host specificity.
Conclusion: We found that the bat-borne Bartonella in Yunnan was genetically diverse, geographically widespread, and endemic and that bats play a part in transmitting Bartonella species locally. The analysis of phylogenetic networks based on the global dataset of ssrA sequences of bat-borne Bartonella points to an evolutionary association of Bartonella spp. with their bat hosts and the effect of geographical isolation.

Key words: Bartonella, bat, genetic diversity, phylogenetic analysis, reservoir

栗冬梅, 杨卫红, 李庆多, 韩茜, 宋秀平, 潘虹, 冯云 (2021) 巴尔通体在滇西南蝙蝠中高度流行并具有丰富的遗传变异特征. 生物多样性, 29, 1245-1255. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021028.

Dongmei Li, Weihong Yang, Qingduo Li, Xi Han, Xiuping Song, Hong Pan, Yun Feng (2021) High prevalence and genetic variation of Bartonella species inhabiting the bats in southwestern Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1245-1255. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021028.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021028

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I9/1245

图/表 4

表1 不同种类和地理来源的蝙蝠感染巴尔通体的情况

Table 1 Number of species and geographical origins of the bats infected with Bartonella spp.

蝙蝠种类 Species of bats	感染率(阳性数/检测数) Infection rate (positive/detected)				合计 Total
蝙蝠种类 Species of bats	临沧市 Lincang City	西双版纳州 Xishuangbanna Prefecture	保山市 Baoshan City	德宏州 Dehong Prefecture
中菊头蝠 Rhinolophus affinis	50.0% (22/44)	0	0	0	50.0% (22/44)
小菊头蝠 Rhinolophus blythi	0	0	62.1% (18/29)	0	62.1% (18/29)
棕果蝠 Rousettus leschenaultii	0	61.7% (29/47)	0	55.7% (103/185)	56.9% (132/232)
合计 Total	50.0% (22/44)	61.7% (29/47)	62.1% (18/29)	55.7% (103/185)	56.4% (172/305)

图1 基于蝙蝠标本及巴尔通体参考菌株的ssrA序列构建的贝叶斯系统发育树。蝙蝠种类在系统树中内圈, 以红、蓝和棕色线段表示; 本研究中蝙蝠序列名称用红色字体标识, 同附录3中的标本名称。图中心BSLY、LCZK、BNML和DHRL分别代表保山市隆阳区潞江镇、临沧市镇康县南伞乡、西双版纳州勐腊县瑶区乡和德宏州瑞丽市畹町镇; 图中心Ⅰ-X代表本研究中蝙蝠ssrA序列所在的进化分支; Brucella melitensis CP044985和Rhizobuim sp. NXC24 CP024311为外群。

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of ssrA sequences of Bartonella from bats relative to reference species of Bartonella spp. The bat species in the inner circle of the phylogenetic tree, represented by red, blue, and brown lines; bat sequence names in this study are marked with red font, the same as specimen no. in Appendix 2. BSLY, Lujiang Town, Longyang district, Baoshan City; LCZK, Nansan Town, Zhenkang County, Lincang City; BNML, Yaoqu Town, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture; DHRL, Wanding Town, Ruili City, Dehong Prefecture; I-X in the center represent the phylogroups of ssrA sequence from bats in this study, while Brucella melitensis CP044985 and Rhizobuim sp. NXC24 CP024311 are outgroups.

图2 基于本研究蝙蝠标本中巴尔通体ssrA序列构建的中介连接网络图。图中圆饼和其中数字分别代表基因型和个体数量, 直径与个体数量成正比。

Fig. 2 Median-joining network of ssrA genotypes for Bartonella spp. from bat specimens in this study. Genotypes are denoted as pies, in which the numbers are number of individuals, with a size proportional to genotypic frequency.

图3 基于蝙蝠标本和GenBank中巴尔通体ssrA序列构建的邻接网系统发育网络图。网络图中有152个巴尔通体ssrA序列, 其中本研究序列37个, GenBank数据库下载序列115个。图A和B分别为依据蝙蝠宿主的地理来源和其分类绘制的网络图。

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic network diagram generated from ssrA sequences of Bartonella spp. from bat specimens in this study and GenBank using NeighborNet algorithm. There are 152 ssrA sequences of Bartonella spp. in the network diagram, including 37 sequences in this study and 115 sequences downloaded from the GenBank database. A and B are the networks of bat-borne Bartonella from the globe according to the geographic distributions and the host taxonomy associations.

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巴尔通体在滇西南蝙蝠中高度流行并具有丰富的遗传变异特征

High prevalence and genetic variation of Bartonella species inhabiting the bats in southwestern Yunnan

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