青岛胶州湾口海域秋季文昌鱼的分布及栖息环境的特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.06260

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 470-475. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.06260 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2011.06260

青岛胶州湾口海域秋季文昌鱼的分布及栖息环境的特征

袁伟, 王俊^*(), 林群, 王成华, 孙坚强

中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所海洋可捕资源评估和生态系统实验室, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2010-10-28 接受日期:2010-12-25 出版日期:2011-07-20 发布日期:2011-07-29
通讯作者: 王俊
作者简介:* E-mail: wangjun@ysfri.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家973计划项目(2006CB400608);国家自然科学基金(30490233);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2009-ts-10)

The distribution and habitat use of Branchiostoma belcheri at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in Autumn

Wei Yuan, Jun Wang^*(), Qun Lin, Chenghua Wang, Jianqiang Sun

Laboratory of Stock Assessment and Ecosystem, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071

Received:2010-10-28 Accepted:2010-12-25 Online:2011-07-20 Published:2011-07-29
Contact: Jun Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了准确掌握青岛胶州湾口海域文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)的分布特征, 2009年11月作者选择了北沙海域和南沙海域, 共设34个站位, 采用箱式采泥器对文昌鱼资源及栖息环境进行了调查。在北沙海域发现了较为集中的文昌鱼栖息地, 栖息密度为162 ind./m², 平均生物量为11.93 g/m²; 优势体长为30-40 mm, 年龄组以III龄鱼为主。在南沙海域, 文昌鱼栖息密度为17.33 ind./m², 平均生物量为0.57 g/m²; 年龄结构没有明显的优势组群, 基本为II龄和III龄, 在体长组成上出现了20-25 mm这一较小的峰值。北沙的沉积物类型以砾质砂和砂为主, 而南沙保护区里的沉积物以砂和粉砂质砂为主, 文昌鱼适合生长于砂质类型的沉积物中, 水深10-20 m。比较发现青岛文昌鱼保护区的文昌鱼正在逐步减少, 应在北沙海域设定规模合适的文昌鱼保护区。

关键词: 文昌鱼, 分布, 沉积物, 保护区

Abstract

Branchiostoma belcheri is a second class protected animal species in China, and is distributed mainly in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent areas. Based on an ecological survey in November, 2009, the distribution of the lancelet and its relationship with bottom sediments were studied. We found that Beisha waters may be the predominant habitat of lancelet in autumn. Most individuals within three year classes fit in a body size range of 30-40 mm. The abundance and biomass of lancelets in Beisha were 162 ind./m² and 11.93 g/m², respectively. No obvious length classes were observed in Nansha waters. The abundance and biomass of lancelets were 17.33 ind./m² and 0.57 g/m² in Nansha, respectively. We found that the sediment type in Beisha waters was gravel and sand while it was sand and silty sand in Nansha waters. Lancelets generally were found in areas with sandy sediment where the range of mean grain-size was very large with a water depth of 10-20 m. To cope with declining lancelet populations, an adequate reserve should be established in Beisha waters.

Key words: Branchiostoma belcheri, distribution, sediment, protection zone

袁伟, 王俊, 林群, 王成华, 孙坚强 (2011) 青岛胶州湾口海域秋季文昌鱼的分布及栖息环境的特征. 生物多样性, 19, 470-475. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.06260.

Wei Yuan, Jun Wang, Qun Lin, Chenghua Wang, Jianqiang Sun (2011) The distribution and habitat use of Branchiostoma belcheri at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in Autumn. Biodiversity Science, 19, 470-475. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.06260.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.06260

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I4/470

图/表 4

图1 2009年胶州湾口文昌鱼调查海域及站位

Fig. 1 Investigation area and stations of Branchiostoma belcheri at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay

图2 北沙(a)和南沙(b)文昌鱼体长分布

Fig. 2 Body length distribution of Branchiostoma belcheri in Beisha (a) and Nansha waters (b)

图3 北沙和南沙海域沉积物中各粒度组的质量比

Fig. 3 Percentage contents of four particles in Beisha and Nansha waters

表1 研究海域的栖息密度和生物量与历史资料的比较

Table 1 Comparison of density and biomass in Beisha and Nansha waters with other results

调查海域 Study area	栖息密度 Density (ind./m²)	生物量 Biomass(g/m²)	调查时间 Survey year	参考文献 Reference
北沙海域 Beisha waters	753	77.37	1981	李新正等(2007)
	1,220	53.27	2004	李新正等(2007)
	162	11.93	2009	本文
南沙海域 Nansha waters	44	5.51	2008	杨建威等(2008)
	17.33	0.57	2009	本文
	2-27	/	2003	马绍赛等(2003)

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青岛胶州湾口海域秋季文昌鱼的分布及栖息环境的特征

The distribution and habitat use of Branchiostoma belcheri at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in Autumn

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