生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 143-150. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08313
所属专题: 中国的森林生物多样性监测
收稿日期:
2010-12-20
接受日期:
2011-03-23
出版日期:
2011-03-20
发布日期:
2011-06-01
通讯作者:
巩合德
作者简介:
*E-mail: gonghd@xtbg.ac.cn基金资助:
Hede Gong1,2,*(), Guoping Yang1, Zhiyun Lu1, Yuhong Liu1
Received:
2010-12-20
Accepted:
2011-03-23
Online:
2011-03-20
Published:
2011-06-01
Contact:
Hede Gong
摘要:
为了探究哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林树种多样性特点及优势种群空间分布特征, 2008年, 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园在哀牢山生态站附近的常绿阔叶林建立了一块6 ha的森林动态监测样地, 逐一测量并记录了样地中所有胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的树木的胸径, 并对其挂牌标记、鉴定和确定坐标位置。应用 Ripley’s L-Function分析了样地内4个上层优势种的空间分布格局。结果表明, 样地内共有DBH≥1 cm的乔木12,131株, 隶属于25科49属68种。样地内硬壳柯(Lithocarpus hancei)的重要值最大, 其胸高断面积也最大; 其次为变色锥(Castanopsis wattii); 排在第三位的为云南连蕊茶(Camellia forrestii), 有1,712个个体, 是样地内个体数量最多的树种。和同类型森林相比, 哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林是多优种类型, 物种总数较少, 稀有种所占比例也较小。样地内4个上层优势种的小径级个体数量较多, 而大径级个体数量较少, 而且在空间上呈现互补特征。对样地中符合条件的26个树种(生活史期间的树木株数≥40株)的空间格局进行分析, 53个生长时期中有37个表现为集群分布, 表明在树种多样性维持方面, 密度制约机制可能不是主要原因, 生境异质性可能起着重要作用。
巩合德, 杨国平, 鲁志云, 刘玉洪 (2011) 哀牢山常绿阔叶林树种多样性及空间分布格局. 生物多样性, 19, 143-150. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08313.
Hede Gong, Guoping Yang, Zhiyun Lu, Yuhong Liu (2011) Diversity and spatial distribution patterns of trees in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 19, 143-150. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08313.
图1 哀牢山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地等高线图(等高线间距为10 m)
Fig. 1 The topographic map of the evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamic plot in the Ailao Mountains (with 10 m contour intervals)
种名 Species | 个体数 Number | 相对密度 Relative density | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 相对优势度 Relative dominance | 重要值 Importance value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei | 953 | 7.86 | 5.01 | 13.25 | 27.48 | 13.45 |
2 | 变色锥 Castanopsis wattii | 541 | 4.46 | 4.75 | 7.74 | 16.06 | 8.42 |
3 | 云南连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii | 1,712 | 14.11 | 5.19 | 0.49 | 1.02 | 6.77 |
4 | 云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii | 1,355 | 11.17 | 4.48 | 1.48 | 3.06 | 6.24 |
5 | 木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus | 242 | 1.99 | 3.70 | 5.83 | 12.10 | 5.93 |
6 | 多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima | 1,198 | 9.88 | 4.52 | 0.89 | 1.84 | 5.41 |
7 | 山矾 S. sumuntia | 1,113 | 9.17 | 4.97 | 0.70 | 1.46 | 5.20 |
8 | 南洋木荷 Schima noronhae | 179 | 1.48 | 3.29 | 3.53 | 7.31 | 4.03 |
9 | 滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis | 390 | 3.21 | 4.97 | 1.63 | 3.38 | 3.86 |
10 | 珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina | 389 | 3.21 | 3.62 | 1.75 | 3.62 | 3.48 |
合计 Total | 12,131 | 100 | 100 | 48.22 | 100 | 100 |
表1 哀牢山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地重要值在前10位的树种
Table 1 Top ten tree species with the highest importance values in the evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamic plot in the Ailao Mountains
种名 Species | 个体数 Number | 相对密度 Relative density | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 相对优势度 Relative dominance | 重要值 Importance value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei | 953 | 7.86 | 5.01 | 13.25 | 27.48 | 13.45 |
2 | 变色锥 Castanopsis wattii | 541 | 4.46 | 4.75 | 7.74 | 16.06 | 8.42 |
3 | 云南连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii | 1,712 | 14.11 | 5.19 | 0.49 | 1.02 | 6.77 |
4 | 云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii | 1,355 | 11.17 | 4.48 | 1.48 | 3.06 | 6.24 |
5 | 木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus | 242 | 1.99 | 3.70 | 5.83 | 12.10 | 5.93 |
6 | 多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima | 1,198 | 9.88 | 4.52 | 0.89 | 1.84 | 5.41 |
7 | 山矾 S. sumuntia | 1,113 | 9.17 | 4.97 | 0.70 | 1.46 | 5.20 |
8 | 南洋木荷 Schima noronhae | 179 | 1.48 | 3.29 | 3.53 | 7.31 | 4.03 |
9 | 滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis | 390 | 3.21 | 4.97 | 1.63 | 3.38 | 3.86 |
10 | 珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina | 389 | 3.21 | 3.62 | 1.75 | 3.62 | 3.48 |
合计 Total | 12,131 | 100 | 100 | 48.22 | 100 | 100 |
分布区类型 Areal-types | 属数 No. of genera | % |
---|---|---|
1 世界广布 Cosmopolitan | 1 | - |
2 泛热带 Pantropic | 5 | 10.42 |
3 东亚(热带、亚热带)及热带南美间断 Tropical and Subtropical East Asia and (South) Tropical America disjuncted | 6 | 12.50 |
4 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia | 1 | 2.08 |
5 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 1 | 2.08 |
6 热带亚洲(热带东南亚至印度―马来, 太平洋诸岛) Tropical Asia (Tropical South-east Asia + Indo-Malaya + Tropical South and Southwest) | 10 | 20.83 |
热带成分(2-6) Tropical elements (2-6) | 23 | 47.91 |
7 北温带 North temperature | 14 | 29.17 |
8 东亚及北美间断 East Asia and North America disjuncted | 7 | 14.59 |
9 旧世界温带分部 Old World Temperate | 1 | 2.08 |
温带成分(7-9) Temperate elements (7-9) | 22 | 45.84 |
10 东亚 East Asia | 3 | 6.25 |
合计 Total | 49 | 100.00 |
表2 哀牢山常绿阔叶林动态监测样地木本植物地理成分分析统计
Table 2 Distribution patterns of seed plants in the evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamic plot in the Ailao Mountains
分布区类型 Areal-types | 属数 No. of genera | % |
---|---|---|
1 世界广布 Cosmopolitan | 1 | - |
2 泛热带 Pantropic | 5 | 10.42 |
3 东亚(热带、亚热带)及热带南美间断 Tropical and Subtropical East Asia and (South) Tropical America disjuncted | 6 | 12.50 |
4 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia | 1 | 2.08 |
5 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 1 | 2.08 |
6 热带亚洲(热带东南亚至印度―马来, 太平洋诸岛) Tropical Asia (Tropical South-east Asia + Indo-Malaya + Tropical South and Southwest) | 10 | 20.83 |
热带成分(2-6) Tropical elements (2-6) | 23 | 47.91 |
7 北温带 North temperature | 14 | 29.17 |
8 东亚及北美间断 East Asia and North America disjuncted | 7 | 14.59 |
9 旧世界温带分部 Old World Temperate | 1 | 2.08 |
温带成分(7-9) Temperate elements (7-9) | 22 | 45.84 |
10 东亚 East Asia | 3 | 6.25 |
合计 Total | 49 | 100.00 |
图4 Ripley’s K-Function的单种点格局分析4个林冠层优势种不同生长时期的空间分布格局
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution maps of four dominant canopy species in the evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamic plot in the Ailao Mountains analyzed by using a point pattern analysis Ripley’s K-Function. ●: 1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm, ○: 5 cm ≤ DBH < 30 cm,○: DBH ≥ 30 cm
生长时期 Growth period | 集群分布 Aggregated distribution | 随机分布 Random distribution | 均匀分布 Uniform distribution |
---|---|---|---|
幼树 Seedling | 13 | 10 | 0 |
中树 Sapling | 18 | 3 | 0 |
成树 Adult | 6 | 3 | 0 |
表3 26个树种不同生长时期的空间分布
Table 3 Spatial distribution patterns of 26 tree species in different growth periods
生长时期 Growth period | 集群分布 Aggregated distribution | 随机分布 Random distribution | 均匀分布 Uniform distribution |
---|---|---|---|
幼树 Seedling | 13 | 10 | 0 |
中树 Sapling | 18 | 3 | 0 |
成树 Adult | 6 | 3 | 0 |
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