生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22525.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022525

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶片病原真菌对植物物种共存的影响: 进展与挑战

刘向, 刘木, 肖瑶*()   

  1. 兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/生态学院, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13 接受日期:2022-11-27 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-12-30
  • 通讯作者: *肖瑶, E-mail: xiaoy@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32001116);国家自然科学基金(32201299);甘肃省杰出青年基金(21JR7RA532);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2021-ct16);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2022-15)

The effect of foliar fungal pathogens on plant species coexistence: Progress and challenges

Xiang Liu, Mu Liu, Yao Xiao*()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
  • Received:2022-09-13 Accepted:2022-11-27 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-12-30
  • Contact: *Yao Xiao, E-mail: xiaoy@lzu.edu.cn

摘要:

群落内物种如何共存是群落生态学研究中最具争议的核心问题之一。根据当代物种共存理论框架, 维持物种共存的机制可以分为稳定化和均等化机制。尽管植物叶片病原真菌在自然界中大量存在, 但是目前尚不完全清楚叶片病原真菌如何通过稳定化和均等化机制影响物种共存。本文首先介绍了叶片病原真菌驱动同种负密度制约(稳定化机制)和“生长-防御”权衡(均等化机制)促进物种共存的证据, 并阐述了在群落水平抑制叶片病原真菌后物种丰富度的变化。随后, 本文归纳了该领域研究中的主要挑战: 叶片病原真菌在驱动物种共存过程中相较于环境因子的可能重要性更低、部分叶片病原真菌较弱的宿主专一性无法起到维持物种共存的作用, 以及控制叶片病原真菌过程中各种方法均有一定局限性等问题。最后, 本文论述了该研究领域未来的主要方向: 不同土壤养分/气候变化条件下叶片病原真菌如何影响物种共存、叶片病原真菌与其他高营养层次生物类群的交互作用及其对物种共存的贡献、基于系统发育推断叶片病原真菌对植物群落构建的影响、将叶片病原真菌生活史类型纳入病原真菌影响植物物种共存的相关研究中。

关键词: 物种共存, 物种多样性, 叶片病原真菌, 负密度制约, 稳定化机制, 均等化机制

Abstract

Background & Aims: Understanding how species coexist is a core question in community ecology that has long intrigued ecologists. Under the contemporary coexistence theory, the mechanisms that promote species coexistence are categorized into stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms. However, we know little about how foliar fungal pathogens affect stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms, despite being abundant and important.

Progresses & Challenges: In this review, we briefly introduce the experimental evidence of how foliar fungal diseases promote plant species coexistence through conspecific negative density dependence (via stabilizing mechanisms) and growth-defense tradeoffs (via equalizing mechanisms), as well as how community-level foliar fungal pathogen removal affects plant species richness. We then discuss controversies surrounding this topic. These controversies mainly focused on the relative importance of foliar fungal pathogens in driving species coexistence compared to other factors, host specificity of foliar fungal pathogens, and methodological issues in related studies.

Prospects: We highlight some open questions for future studies on this topic, including how climate change and soil nutrients affect the relationship between foliar fungal pathogens and species coexistence, the interactions between foliar fungal pathogens and other high trophic biomes impact upon species coexistence, inferring the effects of foliar fungal pathogens on plant community assembly based on phylogeny, and incorporating plant life histories into related studies.

Key words: species coexistence, species diversity, foliar fungal pathogens, negative density dependence, stabilizing mechanisms, equalizing mechanisms