农用地时空变化对大熊猫生境的影响:以岷山中部地区的白草河流域为例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08225

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岷山中部地区是我国野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)种群分布密度较高的地区之一, 但近年来砍伐森林、种植药材等农业活动较为突出, 可能对大熊猫及其生境利用造成不利影响。为了明确该地区农用地的时空变化特征, 及其对保护区内外大熊猫生境的影响, 我们采用遥感影像解析、GIS空间分析和野外调查相结合的方法在白草河流域进行了本项研究。结果表明, 该流域的农用地主要分布在海拔1,700 m以下的地区。从1994-2008年, 农用地面积呈现先减少后增加的趋势: 1994-2001年间, 农用地面积减少, 减少区域主要在海拔1,700 m以下的地区; 2001-2008年间, 农用地面积增加明显, 增加区域主要在海拔1,700 m以上的高海拔地区和自然保护区周边。农用地扩张直接导致1994-2008年间该地区5,281 hm² (6.46%) 的大熊猫生境丧失。就保护区内外而言, 保护区外部大熊猫生境的丧失比例达21.53%, 而保护区内部的生境变化不大。为了有效保护该地区的大熊猫生境, 除了禁止在自然保护区内部进行开发外, 建议对保护区外部的大熊猫生境进行保护, 禁止在海拔1,700 m以上的高海拔地区进行土地开发。

关键词: 岷山, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, 农用地, 生境, 自然保护区

Abstract

The mid-Minshan Mountains is one of the regions encompassing the most densely populations of giant pandas in China. Increasing agricultural activities in the area, involving deforestation and herbal medicine cultivation may negatively influence the giant panda and its habitat. To understand spatio-temporal changes in agricultural land and its impact on giant panda habitat, we conducted this study, using a combination of remote sensing, GIS spatial analysis and field surveys, in the Baicaohe watershed of the mid-Minshan Mountains, Sichuan. Agricultural land was mainly distributed below 1,700 m elevation, and its total area first decreased and then increased between 1994 and 2008. Area of agricultural land decreased below 1,700 m between 1994 and 2001, but it increased in higher-elevation areas surrounding the nature reserves between 2001 and 2008. Expansion of agricultural land directly caused a loss of 5,281 hm² (6.46%) of giant panda habitat between 1994 and 2008. As negligible amounts of habitat affected inside the reserves, 21.53% of habitat outside the nature reserves were destroyed. To protect giant panda habitat in this region, not only agricultural cultivation should be prohibited in high-elevation zones adjacent to the nature reserves, but also, habitat outside the nature reserves should be protected as well as inside.

Key words: the Minshan Mountains, giant panda, agricultural land, habitat, nature reserves

王学志, 徐卫华, 欧阳志云 (2009) 农用地时空变化对大熊猫生境的影响:以岷山中部地区的白草河流域为例. 生物多样性, 17, 10-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08225.

Xuezhi Wang, Weihua Xu, Zhiyun Ouyang (2009) Impacts of spatio-temporal changes in agricultural land on giant panda habitat: A case study in the Baicaohe watershed of the mid-Minshan Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 17, 10-18. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08225.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08225

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I1/10

图/表 10

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自然因子 Natural factors	适宜 Suitable		次适宜 Marginally suitable			不适宜 Unsuitable
自然因子 Natural factors	标准 Criteria	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total fecal samples (%)		标准 Criteria	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total fecal samples (%)		标准 Criteria	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total fecal samples (%)
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,000-3,100	92.20	1,700-2,000; 3,100-3,500		7.80	<1,700; ≥3,500		0
坡度 Slope (°)	≤40	81.93	40-50		18.07	>50		0
植被类型 Vegetation	森林 Forest	97.54	灌丛 Shrubs		2.46	其他类型 Others		0
竹类 Bamboos	有 Presence	97.33				无 Absence		2.67

自然因子 Natural factors	适宜 Suitable		次适宜 Marginally suitable			不适宜 Unsuitable
自然因子 Natural factors	标准 Criteria	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total fecal samples (%)		标准 Criteria	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total fecal samples (%)		标准 Criteria	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total fecal samples (%)
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,000-3,100	92.20	1,700-2,000; 3,100-3,500		7.80	<1,700; ≥3,500		0
坡度 Slope (°)	≤40	81.93	40-50		18.07	>50		0
植被类型 Vegetation	森林 Forest	97.54	灌丛 Shrubs		2.46	其他类型 Others		0
竹类 Bamboos	有 Presence	97.33				无 Absence		2.67

人为干扰因子 Human factors	强 Strong		中等 Moderate			弱 Weak			无 None
人为干扰因子 Human factors	距离 Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)		距离 Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)		距离Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)		距离Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)
公路距离 Distance to roads	0-100	0.0	100-300		2.2	300-700		6.6	>700		91.2
居民点距离 Distance to human settlements	0-700	0.0	700-900		3.5	900-1,400		5.3	>1,400		91.2
农用地距离 Distance to agricultural land	0-100	0.8	100-400		3.8	400-700		6.0	>700		89.5

人为干扰因子 Human factors	强 Strong		中等 Moderate			弱 Weak			无 None
人为干扰因子 Human factors	距离 Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)		距离 Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)		距离Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)		距离Distance (m)	痕迹点比例 Ratio to total samples (%)
公路距离 Distance to roads	0-100	0.0	100-300		2.2	300-700		6.6	>700		91.2
居民点距离 Distance to human settlements	0-700	0.0	700-900		3.5	900-1,400		5.3	>1,400		91.2
农用地距离 Distance to agricultural land	0-100	0.8	100-400		3.8	400-700		6.0	>700		89.5

实际生境质量人为影响强度 Degree of Quality of actual habitat human influences 潜在生境质量 Quality of potential habitat	强 Strong	中 Moderate	弱 Weak	无 None
适宜 Suitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	次适宜 Marginally suitable	次适宜 Marginally suitable	适宜 Suitable
次适宜 Marginally suitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	次适宜 Marginally suitable	次适宜 Marginally suitable
不适宜 Unsuitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	不适宜 Unsuitable