基于实证分析中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径

doi:10.17520/biods.2023287

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 23287. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023287 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023287

所属专题：生态文明建设

基于实证分析中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径

所翟¹, 俞渃茜¹, 李媛辉¹^,²^,^*(), 徐基良³^,^*()

1.北京林业大学人文社会科学学院, 北京 100083
2.北京林业大学林业和草原法治研究中心, 北京 100083
3.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-08-08 接受日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-01-11
通讯作者: *E-mail: xzf100083@163.com; xujiliang@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“山水林田湖草沙系统治理法律制度体系研究”(2021SPZ01);“生态文明视域下林业草原重大法律制度专项评估”(2023010704)

Problem review and optimization path of local legislation in nature reserves in China based on empirical analysis

Di Suo¹, Ruoxi Yu¹, Yuanhui Li¹^,²^,^*(), Jiliang Xu³^,^*()

1 School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2 Center for Forestry and Grassland Law Research, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
3 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083

Received:2023-08-08 Accepted:2023-12-22 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-01-11
Contact: *E-mail: xzf100083@163.com; xujiliang@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地方立法是中国自然保护区法律体系的重要组成部分。中国自然保护区地方立法从数量上看已不少, 但整体上与当前生态文明建设和自然保护区管理提质增效的要求尚有一定差距。本文通过对116部中国自然保护区地方法律规范的实证分析发现, 自然保护区地方立法主要呈现立法时间跨度较大、立法数量新时期增长较快、立法地域分布广泛、立法模式上综合性与专门性相结合等特征。当前, 自然保护区地方立法面临着过时立法、抵触立法、重复立法等诸多问题。为有效破解上述难题, 可尝试从立法清理和立法特色两个维度下功夫, 加快地方立法清理的工作进程, 突出地方立法特色, 提升中国自然保护区地方立法质效。

关键词: 自然保护区, 地方立法, 立法清理, 立法特色

Abstract

Background & Aim The construction of relevant laws and regulations in nature reserves plays an important role in combating various illegal and criminal activities that damage nature reserves, maintaining national ecological security, protecting biodiversity, preserving natural heritage and improving the quality of ecological environment. Local legislation is an important part of the legal system of nature reserves in China. There are lots of local legislations on nature reserves in China, but there is still a certain gap between them and the current requirements of ecological civilization construction and quality and efficiency improvement of nature reserve management. In order to enhance the implementation effect of local legislation on nature reserves in China and make it play an important role in protecting biodiversity, we studied the development dilemma and optimization path of local legislation on nature reserves.

Method Our study searched and summarized a total of 116 effective local legislations of nature reserves in China. We then analyzed the characteristics of local legislations of nature reserves in China from the aspects of spatial and temporal distribution, number of legislations and legislative models. Through literature and comparative research, we conducted in-depth analysis of the problems existing in local legislations of nature reserves.

Review Results We found that the local legislation of nature reserves mainly presents the characteristics of large legislative time span, rapid growth in the number of legislation in the new era, wide geographical distribution of legislation, and the combination of comprehensiveness and specialization in the legislative model. At present, the local legislation of nature reserves is facing many problems, such as outdated legislation, conflicting legislation, repeated legislation and so on.

Conclusion In order to adapt to China’s reform goal of “establishing a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body”, we can try to work hard from the two dimensions of legislative clean-up and legislative characteristics in the future, speed up the process of local legislative clean-up, and highlight local legislative characteristics, so as to improve the quality and effectiveness of local legislation in China’s nature reserves.

Key words: nature reserve, local legislation, legislative cleanup, legislative features

所翟, 俞渃茜, 李媛辉, 徐基良 (2024) 基于实证分析中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径. 生物多样性, 32, 23287. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023287.

Di Suo, Ruoxi Yu, Yuanhui Li, Jiliang Xu (2024) Problem review and optimization path of local legislation in nature reserves in China based on empirical analysis. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23287. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023287.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023287

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I2/23287

图/表 1

参考文献 21

[1]	Chen BL, Shen DF, Yu S, Hong Y, Jian D, Gan J (2022) Review of the legal system of protected areas in German and its enlightenment to China. Urban Planning International, 37(1), 85-92. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[陈保禄, 沈丹凤, 禹莎, 洪莹, 简单, 干靓 (2022) 德国自然保护地立法体系述评及其对中国的启示. 国际城市规划, 37(1), 85-92.]
[2]	Du Q (2023) Review and prospect of the construction of the rule of law for China’s nature reserves. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Social Sciences Edition), 36(1), 32-47. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[杜群 (2023) 中国自然保护地法治建设的回顾与展望. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 36(1), 32-47.]
[3]	Feng LX (2021) Dilemma and resolution of formalism in local legislation. Local Legislation Journal, 6(6), 64-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[封丽霞 (2021) 地方立法的形式主义困境与出路. 地方立法研究, 6(6), 64-80.]
[4]	Guo N (2020) Outside the box and China’s path: A comparative analysis between US-China national parks regulation. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 34(8), 35-42. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[郭楠 (2020) 他山之石与中国道路: 美中国家公园管理立法比较研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 34(8), 35-42.]
[5]	Hu DS, Xu SQ, Gui F (2021) On nature reserves and their management system and mechanism in the Yellow River Basin. China Soft Science, (11), 1-9. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[胡德胜, 许胜晴, 归帆 (2021) 黄河流域自然保护地管理体制机制的立法规制. 中国软科学, (11), 1-9.]
[6]	Lan N, Bao X (2019) Extraterritorial experience and legislative reference of land management in nature reserves. Environmental Protection, 47(2), 68-71. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[蓝楠, 包旭 (2019) 自然保护区土地管理的域外经验及立法借鉴. 环境保护, 47(2), 68-71.]
[7]	Li YD (2020) Expression of the rights of indigenous residents in nature reserves from the perspective of a comprehensive system view. Dongyue Tribune, 41(10), 172-182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李一丁 (2020) 整体系统观视域下自然保护地原住居民权利表达. 东岳论丛, 41(10), 172-182.]
[8]	Li YF, Zhang S (2023) Typological analysis and regulatory path of mining rights withdrawal in nature reserves. Journal of Nanjing Tech University (Social Science Edition), 22(4), 1-16, 109. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李艳芳, 张舒 (2023) 自然保护区内矿业权退出的类型化分析与规范路径. 南京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 22(4), 1-16, 109.]
[9]	Liu C (2019) Legal expression of the natural reserve system with national parks as the main body. Journal of Jishou University (Social Sciences), 40(5), 81-92. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘超 (2019) 以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的法律表达. 吉首大学学报(社会科学版), 40(5), 81-92.]
[10]	Liu C, Deng Q (2023) The logic and structure of the concession system on protected areas. Journal of China University of Geosciences (Social Sciences Edition), 23(4), 23-36. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘超, 邓琼 (2023) 自然保护地特许经营制度的逻辑与构造. 中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), 23(4), 23-36.]
[11]	Liu JQ (2021) Legislative construction of management system of nature reserves. Journal of Gansu University of Political Science and Law, (3), 15-25. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘佳奇 (2021) 自然保护地管理体制的立法构建. 甘肃政法大学学报, (3), 15-25.]
[12]	Lü ZM (2019) Systematic legislation for nature conservation with national parks as the main body. Biodiversity Science, 27(2), 128-136. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[吕忠梅 (2019) 以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系立法思考. 生物多样性, 27(2), 128-136.] DOI
[13]	Qin TB, Liu TT (2020) Legislative systematization of protected areas: Problems, options, and approach. Legal Forum, 35(2), 131-140. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[秦天宝, 刘彤彤 (2020) 自然保护地立法的体系化: 问题识别、逻辑建构和实现路径. 法学论坛, 35(2), 131-140.]
[14]	Su KW, Ren J, Wen YL (2021) Study on the current situation of legal system construction of nature reserves in China. Natural Protected Areas, 1(3), 25-32. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[苏凯文, 任婕, 温亚利 (2021) 我国自然保护区法制建设研究进展. 自然保护地, 1(3), 25-32.]
[15]	Wang CH (2018) The construction and management of China’s nature reserves in the past forty years of reform and opening-up: Achievements, challenges and prospects. Chinese Rural Economy, (10), 93-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王昌海 (2018) 改革开放40年中国自然保护区建设与管理: 成就、挑战与展望. 中国农村经济, (10), 93-106.]
[16]	Wang CY (2018) On the restraint of local legislation under the background of legislative power expansion. Legal Forum, 33(1), 100-108. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王春业 (2018) 论立法权扩容背景下地方立法的节制. 法学论坛, 33(1), 100-108.]
[17]	Wang CY, Nie JL (2015) On virtue of legislative control: From legislation of prohibiting living off one’s parents. Journal of Fujian Administration Institute, (5), 58-64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王春业, 聂佳龙 (2015) 论立法的节制性美德——从立法禁止“啃老”谈起. 福建行政学院学报, (5), 58-64.]
[18]	Xiang W (2023) The realistic dilemma and relief path of local legislation on compensation for wildlife damage— Investigation based on 45 local laws and regulations. Administration and Law, (1), 111-121. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[向往 (2023) 野生动物致害补偿地方立法的现实困境与纾解路径——基于45部地方性法律规范的考察. 行政与法, (1), 111-121.]
[19]	Xie ZZ, Chen DM (2021) Institutional construction of natural protection land legislation in the perspective of typification. Journal of Chongqing University (Social Science Edition), 27(1), 152-163. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[谢忠洲, 陈德敏 (2021) 类型化视域下自然保护地立法的制度建构. 重庆大学学报(社会科学版), 27(1), 152-163.]
[20]	Yan DK (2022) Regulatory dilemma and legislative response of nature reserve space—An empirical analysis based on the relevant laws and regulations of nature reserves. Journal of North China Electric Power University (Social Sciences), (5), 34-44. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[鄢德奎 (2022) 自然保护地空间的规制困境与立法回应——基于自然保护地相关法规范的实证分析. 华北电力大学学报(社会科学版), (5), 34-44.]
[21]	Zhou H (2016) Jurisprudential monograph the standard of contravention of law. Journal of National Prosecutors College, 24(6), 78-90, 171. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[周辉 (2016) 法律规范抵触的标准. 国家检察官学院学报, 24(6), 78-90, 171.]

基于实证分析中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径

Problem review and optimization path of local legislation in nature reserves in China based on empirical analysis

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 1

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	王启蕃, 刘小慧, 朱紫薇, 刘磊, 王鑫雪, 汲旭阳, 周绍春, 张子栋, 董红雨, 张明海. 黑龙江北极村国家级自然保护区鸟类与兽类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 24024-.
[2]	李雪萌, 蒋际宝, 张曾鲁, 刘晓静, 王亚利, 吴宜钊, 李银生, 邱江平, 赵琦. 宝天曼国家级自然保护区蚯蚓物种多样性及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 23352-.
[3]	黄小龙, 蒙秉顺, 李海波, 冉伟, 杨伟, 王丞, 谢波, 张旭, 冉景丞, 张明明. 基于红外相机的黔金丝猴及其同域分布物种种间关联[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23402-.
[4]	刘啸林, 吴友贵, 张敏华, 陈小荣, 朱志成, 陈定云, 董舒, 李步杭, 丁炳扬, 刘宇. 浙江百山祖25 ha亚热带森林动态监测样地群落组成与结构特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23294-.
[5]	崔国发. 关于自然保护地整合优化工作中几个关键问题的讨论与建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 22447-.
[6]	邢超, 林依, 周智强, 赵联军, 蒋仕伟, 林蓁蓁, 徐基良, 詹祥江. 基于DNA条形码技术构建王朗国家级自然保护区陆生脊椎动物遗传资源数据库及物种鉴定[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 22661-.
[7]	陈本平, 陈建武, 凌征文, 杨旭, 陈鑫, 李生强, 杨彪. 四川老君山国家级自然保护区林下鸟兽多样性及动态变化数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(5): 22566-.
[8]	姚雪, 陈星, 戴尊, 宋坤, 邢诗晨, 曹宏彧, 邹璐, 王健. 采集策略对叶附生苔类植物发现概率及物种多样性的重要性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 22685-.
[9]	赵梦乔, 陈友, 徐正会, 王戌勃, 赵忠良, 徐文川, 何宗辉, 王文华. 云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区东坡垂直带蚂蚁物种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(11): 23168-.
[10]	胡远芳, 李斌强, 梁丹, 李兴权, 刘兰香, 杨家伟, 罗旭. 人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(8): 21484-.
[11]	李海萍, 徐竹青, 龙志航. 大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀动物保护空缺分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(2): 21294-.
[12]	秦乐, 朱彦鹏, 任月恒, 李博炎, 付梦娣, 李俊生. 青藏高原国家级自然保护区管理能力差异及其对保护成效的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(11): 22419-.
[13]	王伟, 周越, 田瑜, 李俊生. 自然保护地生物多样性保护研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(10): 22459-.
[14]	邢诗晨, 唐录艳, 戴尊, 涂淑雯, 陈星, 张建行, 李宏庆, 彭涛, 王健. 安徽石台县与青阳县苔藓植物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(1): 21186-.
[15]	梁聪, 刘衎, 王小东, 黎树, 吴波, 向朋, 宋昭彬. 四川诺水河珍稀水生动物国家级自然保护区鱼类资源现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(7): 938-949.