生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 717-724. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14184
所属专题: 野生动物的红外相机监测
肖文宏, 冯利民, 赵小丹, 杨海涛, 窦海龙, 程艳超, 牟溥, 王天明(), 葛剑平
收稿日期:
2014-08-30
接受日期:
2014-11-12
出版日期:
2014-11-20
发布日期:
2014-12-11
基金资助:
Wenhong Xiao, Limin Feng, Xiaodan Zhao, Haitao Yang, Hailong Dou, Yanchao Cheng, Pu Mou, Tianming Wang*(), Jianping Ge
Received:
2014-08-30
Accepted:
2014-11-12
Online:
2014-11-20
Published:
2014-12-11
Contact:
Wang Tianming
摘要:
珲春国家级自然保护区是东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)、东北豹(Panthera pardus orientalis)等濒危物种在中国的核心分布区。为了探究该区域野生动物的多度水平和空间分布, 了解人类干扰情况, 我们运用相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)分析了2013年4-6月设置于此的83个红外相机位点的监测数据。红外相机的总捕获天数6,060 d, 共捕获10科18种野生哺乳动物, 其中鼬科4种, 猫科动物3种, 犬科、鹿科和松鼠科各2种, 猪科、熊科、麝科、猬科和兔科各1种。研究期间共拍摄到东北虎11只个体, 东北豹13只个体。从相对多度指数来看, 东北虎的相对多度(0.84)远高于东北豹(0.48), 它们的有蹄类猎物中梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)的相对多度最高(2.18), 其次为狍(Capreolus pygargus)(1.53)和野猪(Sus scrofa)(0.92)。人类活动和放牧的相对多度水平(分别为40.64和2.76)显著高于野生动物。在空间分布上, 东北虎和梅花鹿主要在保护区的核心区分布, 且与保护区社区共管区的多度水平差异显著, 而东北豹在不同功能区之间的分布差异不显著, 狍在保护区北部的多度水平较高, 但各功能区之间差异不显著, 野猪在社区共管区的多度水平显著高于核心区。可见, 核心区频繁的人类活动和放牧活动对野生动物的保护产生了影响, 未来应加强关于人类干扰对虎、豹种群及其有蹄类猎物的影响评估。
肖文宏, 冯利民, 赵小丹, 杨海涛, 窦海龙, 程艳超, 牟溥, 王天明, 葛剑平 (2014) 吉林珲春自然保护区东北虎和东北豹及其有蹄类猎物的多度与分布. 生物多样性, 22, 717-724. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14184.
Wenhong Xiao, Limin Feng, Xiaodan Zhao, Haitao Yang, Hailong Dou, Yanchao Cheng, Pu Mou, Tianming Wang, Jianping Ge (2014) Distribution and abundance of Amur tiger, Amur leopard and their ungulate prey in Hunchun National Nature Reserve, Jilin. Biodiversity Science, 22, 717-724. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14184.
图4 珲春保护区不同功能分区下虎、豹、猎物和人类干扰的相对多度。不同字母表示显著性水平为0.05时差异显著。
Fig. 4 The relative abundance index (RAI) of Amur tiger, Amur leopard, their prey and human disturbance in different functional zones of Hunchun National Nature Reserve. Different letters above bars show differences among functional zones when P = 0.05.
常用名 Common name | 学名 Scientific name | 科 Family | 保护级别 Protection Level | 独立事件数 Independent events | 频率 % of all captures | 相对多度指数 RAI | 捕获相机位点数 No. of trap sites | 相机捕获率 % of all trap sites | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
国家重点保护野生动物名录 China Key Protected Wild Animals List | IUCN濒危等级 IUCN status | CITES附录 CITES appendix | ||||||||
食肉目 Carnivora | ||||||||||
东北虎 Amur tiger | Panthera tigris altaica | 猫科 Felidae | I | EN | 附录I | 51 | 1.49% | 0.84 | 21 | 25% |
东北豹 Amur leopard | Panthera pardus orientalis | 猫科 Felidae | I | CR | 附录I | 29 | 0.85% | 0.48 | 15 | 18% |
豹猫 Leopard cat | Prionailurus bengalensis | 猫科 Felidae | – | LC | 附录II | 4 | 0.12% | 0.07 | 2 | 2% |
黑熊 Asian black bear | Ursus thibetanus | 熊科 Ursidae | II | VU | 附录I | 4 | 0.12% | 0.07 | 4 | 5% |
赤狐 Red fox | Vulpes vulpes | 犬科 Canidae | – | LC | – | 58 | 1.70% | 0.96 | 26 | 31% |
貉 Raccoon dog | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 犬科 Canidae | – | LC | – | 13 | 0.38% | 0.21 | 6 | 7% |
狗獾 Asian badger | Meles leucurus | 鼬科 Mustelidae | – | LC | – | 158 | 4.63% | 2.61 | 39 | 47% |
黄鼬 Siberian weasel | Mustela sibirica | 鼬科 Mustelidae | – | LC | – | 2 | 0.06% | 0.03 | 2 | 2% |
黄喉貂 Yellow-throated marten | Martes flavigula | 鼬科 Mustelidae | II | LC | – | 17 | 0.50% | 0.28 | 12 | 14% |
水獭 Eurasian otter | Lutra lutra | 鼬科 Mustelidae | II | NT | 附录I | 1 | 0.03% | 0.02 | 1 | 1% |
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | ||||||||||
野猪 Wild boar | Sus scrofa | 猪科 Suidae | – | LC | – | 56 | 1.64% | 0.92 | 31 | 37% |
狍 Siberian roe deer | Capreolus pygargus | 鹿科 Cervidae | – | LC | – | 93 | 2.72% | 1.53 | 45 | 54% |
梅花鹿 Sika deer | Cervus nippon | 鹿科 Cervidae | I | LC | – | 132 | 3.87% | 2.18 | 37 | 45% |
原麝 Siberian musk deer | Moschus moschiferus | 麝科 Moschidae | I | VU | 附录II | 4 | 0.12% | 0.07 | 2 | 2% |
啮齿目 Rodentia | ||||||||||
松鼠 Eurasian red squirrel | Sciurus vulgaris | 松鼠科 Sciuridae | – | LC | – | 3 | 0.09% | 0.05 | 3 | 4% |
花鼠 Siberian chipmunk | Tamias sibiricus | 松鼠科 Sciuridae | – | LC | – | 57 | 1.67% | 0.94 | 12 | 14% |
猬形目 Erinaceomorpha | ||||||||||
东北刺猬 Amur hedgehog | Erinaceus amurensis | 猬科 Erinaceidae | – | LC | – | 7 | 0.21% | 0.12 | 6 | 7% |
兔形目 Lagomorpha | ||||||||||
东北兔 Manchurian hare | Lepus mandshuricus | 兔科 Leporidae | – | LC | – | 94 | 2.75% | 1.55 | 16 | 19% |
人类活动 Human activities | – | – | – | – | 2,463 | 72.17% | 40.64 | 82 | 99% | |
放牧 Livestock grazing | – | – | – | – | 167 | 4.89% | 2.76 | 14 | 17% | |
合计 Total | 3,413 | 100% | 56.33 | 83 | – |
Table S1 红外相机捕获的物种和人类活动的独立事件数、相对多度指数以及捕获的相机位点数
附表1 List of species and human disturbances recorded by camera traps, showing the conservation status of each species, the number of independent events, relative abundance index (RAI) and the number of trap sites where the species was captured in Hunchun National Nature Reserve http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-184-1.pdf
常用名 Common name | 学名 Scientific name | 科 Family | 保护级别 Protection Level | 独立事件数 Independent events | 频率 % of all captures | 相对多度指数 RAI | 捕获相机位点数 No. of trap sites | 相机捕获率 % of all trap sites | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
国家重点保护野生动物名录 China Key Protected Wild Animals List | IUCN濒危等级 IUCN status | CITES附录 CITES appendix | ||||||||
食肉目 Carnivora | ||||||||||
东北虎 Amur tiger | Panthera tigris altaica | 猫科 Felidae | I | EN | 附录I | 51 | 1.49% | 0.84 | 21 | 25% |
东北豹 Amur leopard | Panthera pardus orientalis | 猫科 Felidae | I | CR | 附录I | 29 | 0.85% | 0.48 | 15 | 18% |
豹猫 Leopard cat | Prionailurus bengalensis | 猫科 Felidae | – | LC | 附录II | 4 | 0.12% | 0.07 | 2 | 2% |
黑熊 Asian black bear | Ursus thibetanus | 熊科 Ursidae | II | VU | 附录I | 4 | 0.12% | 0.07 | 4 | 5% |
赤狐 Red fox | Vulpes vulpes | 犬科 Canidae | – | LC | – | 58 | 1.70% | 0.96 | 26 | 31% |
貉 Raccoon dog | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 犬科 Canidae | – | LC | – | 13 | 0.38% | 0.21 | 6 | 7% |
狗獾 Asian badger | Meles leucurus | 鼬科 Mustelidae | – | LC | – | 158 | 4.63% | 2.61 | 39 | 47% |
黄鼬 Siberian weasel | Mustela sibirica | 鼬科 Mustelidae | – | LC | – | 2 | 0.06% | 0.03 | 2 | 2% |
黄喉貂 Yellow-throated marten | Martes flavigula | 鼬科 Mustelidae | II | LC | – | 17 | 0.50% | 0.28 | 12 | 14% |
水獭 Eurasian otter | Lutra lutra | 鼬科 Mustelidae | II | NT | 附录I | 1 | 0.03% | 0.02 | 1 | 1% |
偶蹄目 Artiodactyla | ||||||||||
野猪 Wild boar | Sus scrofa | 猪科 Suidae | – | LC | – | 56 | 1.64% | 0.92 | 31 | 37% |
狍 Siberian roe deer | Capreolus pygargus | 鹿科 Cervidae | – | LC | – | 93 | 2.72% | 1.53 | 45 | 54% |
梅花鹿 Sika deer | Cervus nippon | 鹿科 Cervidae | I | LC | – | 132 | 3.87% | 2.18 | 37 | 45% |
原麝 Siberian musk deer | Moschus moschiferus | 麝科 Moschidae | I | VU | 附录II | 4 | 0.12% | 0.07 | 2 | 2% |
啮齿目 Rodentia | ||||||||||
松鼠 Eurasian red squirrel | Sciurus vulgaris | 松鼠科 Sciuridae | – | LC | – | 3 | 0.09% | 0.05 | 3 | 4% |
花鼠 Siberian chipmunk | Tamias sibiricus | 松鼠科 Sciuridae | – | LC | – | 57 | 1.67% | 0.94 | 12 | 14% |
猬形目 Erinaceomorpha | ||||||||||
东北刺猬 Amur hedgehog | Erinaceus amurensis | 猬科 Erinaceidae | – | LC | – | 7 | 0.21% | 0.12 | 6 | 7% |
兔形目 Lagomorpha | ||||||||||
东北兔 Manchurian hare | Lepus mandshuricus | 兔科 Leporidae | – | LC | – | 94 | 2.75% | 1.55 | 16 | 19% |
人类活动 Human activities | – | – | – | – | 2,463 | 72.17% | 40.64 | 82 | 99% | |
放牧 Livestock grazing | – | – | – | – | 167 | 4.89% | 2.76 | 14 | 17% | |
合计 Total | 3,413 | 100% | 56.33 | 83 | – |
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