近缘种比较研究在植物入侵生态学中的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为什么有些物种能够成功入侵而有些物种却入侵失败?这是一直困扰入侵生态学家的问题。人们已从不同角度开展了研究, 其中包括不同物种之间的比较。然而以往对不同物种进行比较时往往忽略了亲缘关系对比较研究的影响, 使得出的结果不具可比性。将入侵种与其近缘的土著种或入侵能力不强的外来种进行比较则能够排除亲缘关系带来的影响, 使结果更加具有说服力。现有资料表明近缘种比较已广泛应用于菊科、禾本科、松科等科入侵植物的研究, 探讨与这些植物入侵有关的生物学特性以及生境的可入侵性、入侵的预测和入侵控制等入侵生态学的核心问题。本文综述了入侵种与其近缘种比较在研究生物入侵几个重要问题中的应用, 包括物种的入侵性、群落的可入侵性以及入侵种预测研究, 并分析了近缘种比较研究的发展方向。

关键词: 生物入侵, 近缘种, 比较, 入侵性, 预测, 控制

Abstract:

Ecologists are always perplexed with the question: why do some species become invasive but others not. A number of studies from different aspects have been conducted including the comparison among different species. However, satisfactory explanations for invasion success remain elusive, and the effects of taxonomical relatedness on the comparative studies have been neglected, making the results incomparable. Comparing the invasive species with their congeners or comparing exotic species of varying invasiveness can partially avoid the bias due to taxonomical relatedness and enhance the credibility of the results. Congeneric comparisons have been widely used in the study of invasive species from the families of Asteraceae, Gramineae and Pinaceae, approaching some important issues that are stressed in the invasion biology of these taxa: biological traits, habitat invasibility, invasion prediction and control. Here we review the applications of comparative studies of congeners in invasion ecology, with an emphasis on their importance and recent progress.

Key words: biological invasion, congener, comparison, invasiveness, prediction, control

王坤, 杨继, 陈家宽. 近缘种比较研究在植物入侵生态学中的应用[J]. 生物多样性, 2009, 17(4): 353-361.

Kun Wang, Ji Yang, Jiakuan Chen. The applications of congeneric comparisons in plant invasion ecology[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2009, 17(4): 353-361.

图/表 1

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科 Family	属 Genus	入侵种 Invasive species	同属弱入侵种 Weak invasive species	外来非入侵种 Non-native species	土著种 Native species
菊科 Compositae	泽兰属 Eupatorium	紫茎泽兰 E. adenophorum	破坏草 E. coelestinum	大麻叶泽兰 E. cannabinum	佩兰等11种 E. fourtunei, etc.
		飞机草 E. odoratum	破坏草 E. coelestinum	大麻叶泽兰 E. cannabinum	佩兰等11种 E. fourtunei, etc.
	假泽兰属 Mikania	薇甘菊 M. micrantha	无 No	无 No	假泽兰 M. cordata
	豚草属 Ambrosia	豚草 A. artemisiifolia	三裂叶豚草 A. trifida	无 No	无 No
	一枝黄花属 Solidago	加拿大一枝黄花 S. canadenis	北美一枝黄花 S. altissima	无 No	一枝黄花等4种 S. decurrens, etc.
苋科 Amaranthaceae	莲子草属 Alternanthera	喜旱莲子草 A. philoxeroides	刺花莲子草 A. pungens	锦绣苋 A. bettzickiana	莲子草 A. sessilis
禾本科 Gramineae	黑麦草属 Lolium	毒麦 L. temulentum	疏花黑麦等5种 L. remotum, etc.	黑麦草等2种 L. perenne, etc.	无 No
	米草属 Spartina	互花米草 S. alterniflora	大米草 S. anglica 狐米草 S. patens	大绳草S. cynosuroides	无 No
	高粱属 Sorghum	假高粱 S. halepense	石茅 S. halepense	杂高粱等5种 S. almum, etc.	光高粱等8种 S. nitidum, etc.
雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	凤眼莲属 Eichhomia	凤眼莲(水葫芦) E. crassipes	无 No	无 No	无 No

科 Family	属 Genus	入侵种 Invasive species	同属弱入侵种 Weak invasive species	外来非入侵种 Non-native species	土著种 Native species
菊科 Compositae	泽兰属 Eupatorium	紫茎泽兰 E. adenophorum	破坏草 E. coelestinum	大麻叶泽兰 E. cannabinum	佩兰等11种 E. fourtunei, etc.
		飞机草 E. odoratum	破坏草 E. coelestinum	大麻叶泽兰 E. cannabinum	佩兰等11种 E. fourtunei, etc.
	假泽兰属 Mikania	薇甘菊 M. micrantha	无 No	无 No	假泽兰 M. cordata
	豚草属 Ambrosia	豚草 A. artemisiifolia	三裂叶豚草 A. trifida	无 No	无 No
	一枝黄花属 Solidago	加拿大一枝黄花 S. canadenis	北美一枝黄花 S. altissima	无 No	一枝黄花等4种 S. decurrens, etc.
苋科 Amaranthaceae	莲子草属 Alternanthera	喜旱莲子草 A. philoxeroides	刺花莲子草 A. pungens	锦绣苋 A. bettzickiana	莲子草 A. sessilis
禾本科 Gramineae	黑麦草属 Lolium	毒麦 L. temulentum	疏花黑麦等5种 L. remotum, etc.	黑麦草等2种 L. perenne, etc.	无 No
	米草属 Spartina	互花米草 S. alterniflora	大米草 S. anglica 狐米草 S. patens	大绳草S. cynosuroides	无 No
	高粱属 Sorghum	假高粱 S. halepense	石茅 S. halepense	杂高粱等5种 S. almum, etc.	光高粱等8种 S. nitidum, etc.
雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	凤眼莲属 Eichhomia	凤眼莲(水葫芦) E. crassipes	无 No	无 No	无 No