中国–日本濒危种子植物对比研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07293

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

IUCN为全球濒危野生动植物所设立的等级和评价标准已被多个国家采用, 也是国家和地区间进行濒危植物对比研究的基础。作者结合植物地理分布, 根据中、日物种红色名录, 对比分析两国野生种子植物的濒危程度和区系组成。研究发现: (1)中国红色名录中濒危植物的种类占其所有野生种子植物的比例显著低于日本, 但裸子植物的濒危程度却极其显著地高于日本; (2)部分水生植物科未列入中国红色名录, 但在日本已受到严重威胁; (3)中国红色名录中出现的世界分布属显著少于日本; (4)两国濒危植物中有大量共有种、姊妹种或近缘种。最后作者建议: (1)对水生植物的濒危状况展开全面调查; (2)加强对中日共有植物成分的研究; (3)借鉴日本经验, 在中国开展植物群落水平上的调查, 对红色名录进行补充。

关键词: 红色名录, 植物区系, 中日对比, 保护对策, 种子植物

Abstract

Categories and criteria established by the IUCN for globally endangered species have been used by many countries for conservation decision making. Based on geographical distributions and the Red List of China and Red List of Japan, we compared the current status of threatened plants and the floristic composition of the two countries. We highlight our results as follows: (1) the proportion of wild seed plants found on the Red List to total seed plant species was lower in China than in Japan, but the degree of threat for gymnosperms was higher in China than in Japan; (2) several hydrophyte families were not listed on the Red List of China, but have been severely threatened in Japan; (3) the number of cosmopolitan genera endangered in China was fewer than in Japan; and (4) among species threatened in both China and Japan, there was a large proportion of common species, sister species, and closely related species. Finally, we suggest that: (1) a comprehensive evaluation of the status of hydrophytes in China; (2) an increased effort to study species common to China and Japan; and (3) following the example of Japan, a thorough investigation should be conducted at the plant community level in China to complement the Red List.

Key words: Red List, flora, China-Japan comparison, conservation strategy, seed plants

陈元君, 陈建伟, 雷霆 (2008) 中国–日本濒危种子植物对比研究. 生物多样性, 16, 255-262. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07293.

Yuanjun Chen, Jianwei Chen, Ting Lei (2008) A comparative study on endangered seed plant species between China and Japan. Biodiversity Science, 16, 255-262. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07293.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07293

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I3/255

图/表 6

参考文献 16

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	濒危等级 Endangerment categories	种数 No. of species	*占濒危植物总数的比例 %	裸子植物种/属数 No. of gymnosperm species/genera	被子植物种/属数 No. of angiosperm species/genera
中国 China	绝灭 Extinct	2	0.05	0	2/2
	野外绝灭 Extinct in the wild	2	0.05	0	2/2
	地区绝灭 Regional extinct	0	0	0	0
	极危 Critically endangered	684	16.32	34 /14	650/347
	濒危 Endangered	1,121	26.75	39/18	1,083/446
	易危 Vulnerable	1,977	47.18	81/22	1,896/655
	近危 Near threatened	350	8.35	48/12	302/111
	数据缺乏 Data deficient	54	1.29	2/2	52/8
	总计 In total	4,190	100	204/33	3,986/987
日本 Japan	绝灭 Extinct	13	0.77	0	13/11
	野外绝灭 Extinct in the wild	5	0.29	0	5/4
	极危 Critically endangered	482	28.40	0	482/273
	濒危 Endangered	432	25.46	3/2	429/245
	易危 Vulnerable	579	34.12	3/3	576/304
	近危 Near threatened	134	7.90	0	134/106
	数据缺乏 Data deficient	52	3.06	0	52/46
	总计 In total	1,697	100	6/4	1,691/595

	濒危等级 Endangerment categories	种数 No. of species	*占濒危植物总数的比例 %	裸子植物种/属数 No. of gymnosperm species/genera	被子植物种/属数 No. of angiosperm species/genera
中国 China	绝灭 Extinct	2	0.05	0	2/2
	野外绝灭 Extinct in the wild	2	0.05	0	2/2
	地区绝灭 Regional extinct	0	0	0	0
	极危 Critically endangered	684	16.32	34 /14	650/347
	濒危 Endangered	1,121	26.75	39/18	1,083/446
	易危 Vulnerable	1,977	47.18	81/22	1,896/655
	近危 Near threatened	350	8.35	48/12	302/111
	数据缺乏 Data deficient	54	1.29	2/2	52/8
	总计 In total	4,190	100	204/33	3,986/987
日本 Japan	绝灭 Extinct	13	0.77	0	13/11
	野外绝灭 Extinct in the wild	5	0.29	0	5/4
	极危 Critically endangered	482	28.40	0	482/273
	濒危 Endangered	432	25.46	3/2	429/245
	易危 Vulnerable	579	34.12	3/3	576/304
	近危 Near threatened	134	7.90	0	134/106
	数据缺乏 Data deficient	52	3.06	0	52/46
	总计 In total	1,697	100	6/4	1,691/595

中国 China			日本 Japan
科名 Family	种数 No. of species	占濒危植物总数的比例 %	科名 Families	种数 No. of species	占濒危植物总数的比例 %
兰科 Orchidaceae*	1,202	28.74	兰科 Orchidaceae*	214	12.61
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	510	12.19	菊科 Compositae	142	8.37
山茶科 Theaceae	116	2.77	莎草科 Cyperaceae*	138	8.13
壳斗科 Fagaceae	111	2.65	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	63	3.71
樟科 Lauraceae	109	2.61	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	63	3.71
松科 Pinaceae	104	2.49	百合科 Liliaceae*	62	3.65
槭树科 Aceraceae	96	2.30	禾本科 Gramineae*	58	3.42
豆科 Leguminosae	86	2.06	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	50	2.95
木兰科 Magnoliaceae	74	1.77	马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae	49	2.91
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	72	1.72	豆科 Leguminosae	36	2.12
合计 In total	2,480	59.30	合计 In total	763	44.94

中国 China			日本 Japan
科名 Family	种数 No. of species	占濒危植物总数的比例 %	科名 Families	种数 No. of species	占濒危植物总数的比例 %
兰科 Orchidaceae*	1,202	28.74	兰科 Orchidaceae*	214	12.61
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	510	12.19	菊科 Compositae	142	8.37
山茶科 Theaceae	116	2.77	莎草科 Cyperaceae*	138	8.13
壳斗科 Fagaceae	111	2.65	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	63	3.71
樟科 Lauraceae	109	2.61	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	63	3.71
松科 Pinaceae	104	2.49	百合科 Liliaceae*	62	3.65
槭树科 Aceraceae	96	2.30	禾本科 Gramineae*	58	3.42
豆科 Leguminosae	86	2.06	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	50	2.95
木兰科 Magnoliaceae	74	1.77	马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae	49	2.91
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	72	1.72	豆科 Leguminosae	36	2.12
合计 In total	2,480	59.30	合计 In total	763	44.94

中国		日本
属名 Genus	种数 No. of species	占红色名录比例 %	属名 Genus	种数 No. of species	占红色名录比例 %
杜鹃属 Rhododendron	232 (42.%)	5.54	苔草属 Carex	89 (44%)	5.24
石豆兰属 Bulbophyllum	96 (95.%)	2.29	Heterotropa	44 (21%)	2.59
槭属 Acer	94 (67.%)	2.24	杜鹃属 Rhododendron	27 (53%)	1.59
石斛属 Dendrobium	75 (98.%)	1.79	天南星属 Arisaema	24 (57%)	1.41
山茶属 Camellia	55 (20.%)	1.31	谷精草属 Eriocaulon	23 (88%)	1.36
玉凤花属 Habenaria	54 (98.%)	1.29	虾脊兰属 Calanthe	21 (52%)	1.24
虾脊兰属 Calanthe	50 (93.%)	1.19	报春花属 Primula	17 (1%)	1.00.
羊耳蒜属 Liparis	49 (94.%)	1.17	蓟属 Cirsium	17 (27%)	1. 00
柯属 Lithocarpus	47 (34.%)	1.12	堇菜属 Viola	16 (26%)	0.94
报春花属 Primula	45 (14.%)	1.07	毛茛属 Ranunculus	15 (58%)	0.88
合计 In total	797	19.01	合计 In total	293	17.2