福建洛阳江口红树林湿地大型底栖动物多样性及季节变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2015328

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2013-2014年福建洛阳江口红树林湿地的周年调查资料, 研究了该湿地大型底栖动物的物种多样性现状、季节变化以及红树林恢复对底栖动物群落的影响。本次调查共鉴定大型底栖动物7门78种, 环节动物和节肢动物种类最为丰富, 节肢动物对总生物量贡献最大, 短拟沼螺(Assiminea brevicula)为本区第一优势种。林区底栖动物的密度和生物量明显低于光滩, 部分优势种仅在林区出现, 此外, 林区群落与光滩有显著差异。本区底栖动物的密度高值出现在冬、春季, 生物量高值出现在春、夏季, 群落结构季节变化明显。本区底栖动物种类组成特点反映出洛阳江口红树林处在年轻期, 群落的季节变化可能跟优势种的繁殖特点有关。研究结果也表明红树林植被会影响底栖动物群落结构, 林区群落已然不同于光滩, 与2009年调查结果相比, 林区底栖动物密度虽明显下降, 但褶痕拟相手蟹(Parasesarma plicata)数量增加, 是优势种之一。洛阳江口红树林和光滩支撑着不同的生物组成, 因此, 红树林恢复应当保持栖息地的多样性/异质性。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 种类多样性, 季节变化, 红树林湿地, 红树林恢复, 多元分析, 洛阳江口

Abstract

Based on a year round survey conducted in the mangrove swamp of Luoyangjiang Estuary in Fujian from August 2013 to April 2014, macrobenthic diversity, seasonal changes, and the impact of mangrove rehabilitation on the macrobenthic community were analyzed. We recorded a total of 78 species from 7 phyla in the study area and the community was dominated by annelids and arthropods. The gastropod, Assiminea brevicula (Assimineidae), was the most dominant species and was more abundant in mangrove forests than in mudflats. ANOSIM analysis showed that faunal communities were significantly different between mangrove forests and mudflats, with the former characterized by much lower macrobenthic density and biomass. Moreover, some of dominant species, such as Parasesarma plicata and Phascolosoma arcuatum, were only found in mangrove forests. Higher value of macrobenthic density was found in winter and spring, while mean biomass was higher in spring and summer. Significant differences in macrobenthic communites were observed among seasons except between winter and spring. The present study demostrated that, species composition of the mangrove macrobenthos indicated characteristics of a young mangrove plantation and seasonal changes in macrobenthic communities might be due to different breeding seasons of the dominant species. Mangrove vegetation had a noticeable impact on macrobenthic communities, as evidenced by significant difference in macrobenthic communites between the two habitats. Density of macrobenthos in mangrove forests was much lower than that found in 2009, but the sesarminid crab Parasesarma plicata became much abundant. Since mangrove forests and mudflats support different species composition of macrobenthos, planning is needed in mangrove rehabilitation for the protection of habitat diversity and heterogeneity.

Key words: macrobenthos, species diversity, seasonal changes, mangrove swamp, mangrove rehabilitation, multivariate analysis, Luoyangjiang Estuary

林俊辉, 何雪宝, 王建军, 林和山, 黄雅琴, 刘坤, 牟剑锋, 张舒怡, 江锦祥 (2016) 福建洛阳江口红树林湿地大型底栖动物多样性及季节变化. 生物多样性, 24, 791-801. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015328.

Junhui Lin, Xuebao He, Jianjun Wang, Heshan Lin, Yaqin Huang, Kun Liu, Jianfeng Mou, Shuyi Zhang, Jinxiang Jiang (2016) Macrobenthic diversity and seasonal changes in the mangrove swamp of Luoyangjiang Estuary, Fujian Province. Biodiversity Science, 24, 791-801. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015328.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I7/791

图/表 11

参考文献 36

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种类 Species	断面 Transect				季节 Season
种类 Species	QZLH1	QZLH2	QZLH3	QZLH4	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter
环节动物 Annelida
疣吻沙蚕 Tyrrohynchus heterochaetus	-	0.027	<0.001	-	0.002	-	0.003	<0.001
日本刺沙蚕 Neanthes japonica	0.006	-	0.011	0.010	0.100	<0.001	-	-
圆锯齿吻沙蚕 Dentinephtys glabra	0.015	0.032	0.011	0.020	0.005	0.062	0.026	0.007
软体动物 Mollusca
短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	0.455	0.225	0.578	0.045	0.405	0.192	0.239	0.181
节肢动物 Anthropoda
薄片蜾蠃蜚 Corophium lamellatum	0.002	0.002	<0.001	0.294	0.009	0.005	-	0.332
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenellus	0.001	0.007	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.029	-	-
褶痕拟相手蟹 Parasesarma plicata	0.020	0.024	0.001	-	0.002	<0.001	0.009	0.003
秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	0.016	0.014	0.056	0.001	0.005	0.059	0.006	0.015
宁波泥蟹 Ilyoplax ningpoensis	-	-	<0.001	0.165	0.018	0.060	0.027	0.011
弧边招潮 Uca arcuata	0.037	0.018	0.037	0.012	0.019	0.037	0.036	0.010
刺胞动物 Cnidaria
中华仙影海葵 Cereus sinensis	0.037	0.072	0.003	0.037	0.003	0.003	0.197	0.007
星虫动物 Sipuncula
弓形革囊星虫 Phascolosoma arcuatum	0.020	0.006	0.001	-	0.001	0.004	0.006	0.001

种类 Species	断面 Transect				季节 Season
种类 Species	QZLH1	QZLH2	QZLH3	QZLH4	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter
环节动物 Annelida
疣吻沙蚕 Tyrrohynchus heterochaetus	-	0.027	<0.001	-	0.002	-	0.003	<0.001
日本刺沙蚕 Neanthes japonica	0.006	-	0.011	0.010	0.100	<0.001	-	-
圆锯齿吻沙蚕 Dentinephtys glabra	0.015	0.032	0.011	0.020	0.005	0.062	0.026	0.007
软体动物 Mollusca
短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	0.455	0.225	0.578	0.045	0.405	0.192	0.239	0.181
节肢动物 Anthropoda
薄片蜾蠃蜚 Corophium lamellatum	0.002	0.002	<0.001	0.294	0.009	0.005	-	0.332
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenellus	0.001	0.007	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.029	-	-
褶痕拟相手蟹 Parasesarma plicata	0.020	0.024	0.001	-	0.002	<0.001	0.009	0.003
秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	0.016	0.014	0.056	0.001	0.005	0.059	0.006	0.015
宁波泥蟹 Ilyoplax ningpoensis	-	-	<0.001	0.165	0.018	0.060	0.027	0.011
弧边招潮 Uca arcuata	0.037	0.018	0.037	0.012	0.019	0.037	0.036	0.010
刺胞动物 Cnidaria
中华仙影海葵 Cereus sinensis	0.037	0.072	0.003	0.037	0.003	0.003	0.197	0.007
星虫动物 Sipuncula
弓形革囊星虫 Phascolosoma arcuatum	0.020	0.006	0.001	-	0.001	0.004	0.006	0.001

参数 Parameters	季节 Season		断面 Transect		季节×断面 Season×Transect
	F	P	F	P	F	P
平均密度 Average density	4.476	0.000^**	16.266	0.000^***	3.624	0.003^**
平均生物量 Average biomass	5.493	0.004^**	4.574	0.009^**	1.119	0.378
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (d)	0.730	0.542	2.156	0.113	0.242	0.985
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	1.415	0.256	3.327	0.032^*	0.727	0.681
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J')	2.271	0.099	5.524	0.004^**	1.066	0.413

参数 Parameters	季节 Season		断面 Transect		季节×断面 Season×Transect
	F	P	F	P	F	P
平均密度 Average density	4.476	0.000^**	16.266	0.000^***	3.624	0.003^**
平均生物量 Average biomass	5.493	0.004^**	4.574	0.009^**	1.119	0.378
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (d)	0.730	0.542	2.156	0.113	0.242	0.985
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	1.415	0.256	3.327	0.032^*	0.727	0.681
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J')	2.271	0.099	5.524	0.004^**	1.066	0.413

断面 Transect	种类 Species	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	均值 Mean
QZLH1	总密度 Total density	176	146	139	149	152
	短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	112	62	41	62	69
	中华仙影海葵 Cereus sinensis	0	0	50	18	17
	弧边招潮 Uca arcuata	12	4	5	9	8
	弓形革囊星虫 Phascolosoma arcuatum	0	16	4	5	6
	微赤根丝蚓 Rhizodrilus russus	12	0	0	11	6
	秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	2	14	0	7	6
	圆锯齿吻沙蚕 Dentinephtys glabra	5	4	7	5	5
	褶痕拟相手蟹 Parasesarma plicata	2	4	11	5	5
QZLH2	总密度 Total density	199	149	231	158	184
	短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	89	9	27	75	50
	中华仙影海葵 Cereus sinensis	21	2	84	0	27
	疣吻沙蚕 Tyrrohynchus heterochaetus	25	0	50	4	20
	细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenellus	0	62	0	0	16
	圆锯齿吻沙蚕 Dentinephtys glabra	4	9	20	9	10
	微赤根丝蚓 Rhizodrilus russus	0	0	5	21	7
	褶痕拟相手蟹 Parasesarma plicata	9	2	4	12	7
	秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	5	11	0	5	5
	弧边招潮 Uca arcuata	9	2	5	4	5
	长足长方蟹 Metaplax longipes	0	7	11	0	4
QZLH3	总密度 Total density	818	331	281	508	484
	短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	498	167	171	386	305
	日本刺沙蚕 Neanthes japonica	249	0	0	0	62
	秀丽长方蟹 Metaplax elegans	12	34	21	52	30
QZLH4	总密度 Total density	512	217	484	1,541	688
	薄片蜾蠃蜚 Corophium lamellatum	71	21	0	1,397	372
	宁波泥蟹 Ilyoplax ningpoensis	140	176	135	107	140
	中华仙影海葵 Cereus sinensis	0	4	229	20	63
	上野蜾蠃蜚 Corophium uenoi	222	0	30	0	63
	短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula	78	16	89	18	50