青弋江支流大型底栖动物时空beta多样性及影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2026024

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 26024. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026024 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2026024

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

青弋江支流大型底栖动物时空beta多样性及影响因素

徐光来¹^,²^,^*()(), 叶文郡¹^,², 田柳燕¹^,², 张婷¹^,², 吴顺¹^,², 马健维¹^,², 武宗帝², 张寒旭², 池建宇³

¹ 安徽师范大学皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心, 安徽芜湖 241002
² 安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院, 安徽芜湖 241002
³ 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东烟台 264003

收稿日期:2026-01-20 接受日期:2026-04-02 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-09-21
通讯作者: 徐光来
基金资助:
安徽省自然科学基金(2308085MD113);安徽师范大学皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心开放课题(CIWB22-002)

Spatiotemporal beta diversity and influencing factors of macroinvertebrates in the tributaries of the Qingyi River

Guanglai Xu¹^,²^,^*()(), Wenjun Ye¹^,², Liuyan Tian¹^,², Ting Zhang¹^,², Shun Wu¹^,², Jianwei Ma¹^,², Zongdi Wu², Hanxu Zhang², Jianyu Chi³

¹ Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
² School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
³ Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China

Received:2026-01-20 Accepted:2026-04-02 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-09-21
Contact: Guanglai Xu
Supported by:
Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085MD113);Open Research Fund of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University(CIWB22-002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Beta多样性度量物种组成在时空尺度上的变化, 对物种多样性保护具有重要意义。本研究以青弋江为研究区, 于2023年8月(夏)、2024年5月(春)、2024年9月(秋)和2025年4月(春), 在清溪、竹溪、麻川河、孤峰河和周寒河5条支流16个采样点开展了4次大型底栖动物及环境因子调查。采用基于多度的空间beta多样性指数(B_total)和时间beta多样性指数(temporal beta diversity index, TBI), 运用Mantel检验、方差分解等方法, 探究了大型底栖动物群落时空beta多样性及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明: (1)不同点位群落物种组成具有较大的空间差异, 空间beta多样性指数平均值为0.694, 以周转过程为主导。同一群落的物种组成有一定季节波动, 在全时段(2023年夏至2025年春)内, TBI总体未达到显著水平, 仅个别点位(S8)物种多度增加显著。分时段分析显示, 2024年春至2024年秋物种增加, TBI总体达到显著水平; 而2023年夏至2024年春、2024年秋至2025年春两个分时段内, TBI总体变化未达到显著水平。(2)空间beta多样性指数与水深、总磷以及所有底质组成呈显著正相关, 环境因子共同解释了其变化的19.0%, 其中底质、空间和水体环境的解释率相对较高。环境因子共同解释了TBI变化的21.8%, 主要为底质、水体环境以及两者的共同解释部分。(3)豆螺科、长角泥甲科、长臂虾科、田螺科和椎实螺科等多度较大的物种是影响时空beta多样性的关键物种; S8和S16等支流下段点位是影响区域时空beta多样性的关键点位。本研究首次在青弋江流域开展时空beta多样性的系统研究, 其结果可为区域河流底栖动物物种多样性保护提供关键物种和关键点位等数据支持。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, beta多样性, 时间beta多样性指数, 空间格局, 环境因子, 青弋江

Abstract

Aims: Taking the tributaries of the Qingyi River as the study site and using macroinvertebrates as indicator species, this study aims to investigate: (1) the extent of spatiotemporal beta diversity in this area and which components are dominant in beta diversity; (2) the primary environmental factors influencing spatiotemporal beta diversity; and (3) which species and sites are key species and key sites.
Methods: Four surveys of biological and environmental factors were conducted in August (summer) 2023, May (spring) 2024, September (autumn) 2024, and April (spring) 2025 at 16 sampling sites across five tributaries—Qingxi, Zhuxi, Machuan, Gufeng and Zhouhan rivers. Using abundance-based spatial beta diversity index (B_total) and temporal beta diversity index (TBI), methods such as Mantel test and variance partitioning were applied to explore the spatiotemporal beta diversity of macroinvertebrate communities and their environmental drivers.
Results: (1) The average B_total was 0.694, with turnover being the dominant factor (accounting for 55.8%). Across the entire study period (summer 2023-spring 2025), TBI did not reach statistical significance overall, although a significant increase in species abundance was observed at a single site (S8). In the sub-period from spring 2024 to autumn 2024, species abundance increased, and TBI reached a significant level overall. In the other two sub-periods (summer 2023-spring 2024 and autumn 2024-spring 2025), the overall change in TBI did not reach a significant level. (2) B_total was primarily positively correlated with differences in substrate, water depth and total phosphorus. Environmental factors collectively explained 19.0% of the variation in B_total, with substrate, spatial, and water environment exhibiting relatively high explanatory power. Environmental factors collectively explained 5.9% of the variation in the turnover component (R_epl) and 5.1% of the variation in the nested component (Ab_diff), with substrate and water environment again exhibiting relatively high explanatory power. (3) Environmental factors collectively explained 21.8% of the variation in TBI, primarily due to substrate, water environment, and their combined explanatory power. Environmental factors collectively explained 33.4% of the variation in beta diversity loss or species abundance loss (TBI_B), with the water environment exhibiting a high explanatory power. Environmental factors collectively explained 20.4% of the variation in beta diversity gain or species abundance gain (TBI_C), with substrate and water environment exhibiting high explanatory power. (4) Species with high species abundance, such as those in the families Bithyniidae, Elmidae, Palaemonidae, Viviparidae, and Lymnaeidae, were key species influencing the spatiotemporal variation of regional macroinvertebrate communities. Sites in the lower reaches of tributaries such as S8 and S16, where human activity was frequent, the substrate was relatively homogeneous and species abundance was relatively low, were key locations influencing the spatiotemporal variation of the regional community.
Conclusion: The composition of macroinvertebrate communities in the tributaries of the Qingyi River basin exhibits significant spatial variation, with turnover being the dominant factor. Over the three-year period, there was a slight increase in temporal beta diversity index at all sampling sites, with the increase at S8 reaching statistical significance. However, the overall regional trend did not reach statistical significance. Substrate and water environment are the primary factors influencing the spatiotemporal variation in regional community composition. Species with high abundance are the key species influencing the spatiotemporal variation in regional communities. Sampling sites in the lower reaches of tributaries are the key locations influencing community spatiotemporal variation. The findings of this study can provide data support for the conservation of macroinvertebrate species diversity in regional rivers and also offer a theoretical reference for other similar regions.

Key words: macroinvertebrate, beta diversity, temporal beta diversity index, spatial pattern, environmental factor, Qingyi River

徐光来, 叶文郡, 田柳燕, 张婷, 吴顺, 马健维, 武宗帝, 张寒旭, 池建宇 (2026) 青弋江支流大型底栖动物时空beta多样性及影响因素. 生物多样性, 34, 26024. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026024.

Guanglai Xu, Wenjun Ye, Liuyan Tian, Ting Zhang, Shun Wu, Jianwei Ma, Zongdi Wu, Hanxu Zhang, Jianyu Chi (2026) Spatiotemporal beta diversity and influencing factors of macroinvertebrates in the tributaries of the Qingyi River. Biodiversity Science, 34, 26024. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026024.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026024

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I7/26024

图/表 5

图1 青弋江支流大型底栖动物采样点分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of macroinvertebrate sampling sites in the tributaries of the Qingyi River

图2 青弋江支流大型底栖动物空间beta多样性及其组分。Btotal: 空间beta多样性。

Fig. 2 Spatial beta diversity and its components of macroinvertebrates in the Qingyi River tributaries. Btotal, Spatial beta diversity.

图3 青弋江支流大型底栖动物2023年夏至2025年春全时段时间beta多样性(TBI)。实线为1∶1线, 虚线为平行于实线的平均变化率线; 虚线位于实线以下表示总体以物种多度丧失占主导, 虚线位于实线以上表示总体以物种多度增加占主导; NS表示总体没有显著差异; ** P < 0.01。

Fig. 3 Temporal beta diversity index (TBI) of macroinvertebrate in the Qingyi River tributaries across the entire study period from summer 2023 to spring 2025. The solid line represents the 1∶1 line, and the dashed line is parallel to it, indicating the mean rate of change. When the dashed line falls below the solid line, species abundance loss predominates; when it lies above, abundance gain predominates. NS, No statistical difference overall; ** P < 0.01.

图4 环境因子对青弋江支流大型底栖动物时空beta多样性影响的方差分解结果。(A), (B), (C): 空间beta多样性; (D), (E), (F): 时间beta多样性。空间: 空间距离, 高程; 水体环境: 水温, pH, 溶解氧, 电导率, 流速, 水深, 河宽, 总磷, 氨氮, 化学需氧量; 底质: 巨石百分比, 卵石百分比, 砾石百分比, 沙和淤泥百分比; 河道河岸带: 河道打分和河岸带打分。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Results of variance partitioning on the effects of environmental factors on spatiotemporal beta diversity of macroinvertebrates in the Qingyi River tributaries. (A), (B), (C): Spatial beta diversity; (D), (E), (F): Temporal beta diversity. Spatial: Spatial distance, altitude; Water environment: Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, flow velocity, water depth, river width, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand; Substrate: Percent boulders, percent pebbles, percent gravel, percent sand-silt; River channel and riparian zone: River channel score, riparian zone score. Btotal, Spatial beta diversity index; Repl, Turnover component; Abdiff, Nested component; TBI, Temporal beta diversity index; TBIB, Species abundance loss; TBIC, Species abundance gain. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图5 青弋江支流大型底栖动物beta多样性物种贡献率(SCBD)和beta多样性采样点贡献率(LCBD)。ΔSCBD为前后两个时期SCBD的时间变化, ΔLCBD为前后两个时期LCBD的时间变化。(A)、(D)中未显示贡献指数低于0.01的物种。

Fig. 5 Species contributions to beta diversity (SCBD) and local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) in the Qingyi River tributaries. ΔSCBD is the temporal change in SCBD between the two periods, and ΔLCBD is the temporal change in LCBD between the two periods. Species with contribution indices below 0.01 are not shown in (A) and (D).

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	[周佳诚, 宋志斌, 苗芃, 谭路, 唐涛 (2023) 柳江不同河网位置大型底栖动物群落特征及其影响因子差异比较研究. 生态环境学报, 32, 1794-1801.] DOI

青弋江支流大型底栖动物时空beta多样性及影响因素

Spatiotemporal beta diversity and influencing factors of macroinvertebrates in the tributaries of the Qingyi River

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