广州南沙十四涌潮间带大型底栖动物的功能群

doi:10.17520/biods.2015270

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型底栖动物根据食性可分为浮游生物食者(planktophagous, Pl)、植食者(phytophagous, Ph)、肉食者(carnivorous, C)、杂食者(omnivorous, O)和碎屑食者(detritivorous, D)五个功能群。本文根据2007-2008年度和2013-2014年度在茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)、海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)2种生境调查获得的各4个季度的大型底栖动物数据, 分析了广州南沙十四涌潮间带大型底栖动物功能群的生境差异、季节变化和年际变化。2007-2008年度采集到26种大型底栖动物, 低于2013-2014年度的36种。无论是2007-2008年度还是2013-2014年度, 茳芏、海桑生境的大型底栖动物均以植食者的栖息密度和生物量最高, 碎屑食者的栖息密度和生物量最低。生境比较得出, 茳芏生境大型底栖动物浮游生物食者(Pl)的丰富度指数(d)、均匀度指数(J)和多样性指数(H')均高于海桑生境。年度比较得出, 在茳芏和海桑生境, 2013-2014年度浮游生物食者的丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数均高于2007-2008年度, 这是因为2013-2014年度采集到红树蚬(Gelonia coaxans)和彩虹明樱蛤(Morerlla iridescens)等, 而2007-2008年度没有采集到。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 功能群, 生境, 潮间带, 十四涌

Abstract:

Benthic macrofauna were classified into 5 functional groups, i.e. planktophagous (Pl), phytophagous (Ph), carnivorous (C), omnivorous (O) and detritivorous (D). The biotope difference, seasonal and annual variations of functional group of benthic macrofauna in the intertidal zone of the 14th Yong of Nansha, Guangzhou were analyzed in this study according to the four seasonal data of benthic macrofauna collected in two biotopes (Cyperus malaccensis and Sonneratia caseolaris) in 2007-2008 and 2013-2014. A total of 26 species were recorded in 2007-2008, which was lower than 36 species in 2013-2014. Both in 2007-2008 and 2013-2014, phytophagous group showed the highest value while detritivorous group shared the lowest one in density and biomass. Habitat comparison showed that the abundance index (d), evenness index (J) and diversity index (H') of planktophagous group in Cyperus malaccensis habitat were all higher than those in Sonneratia caseolaris habitat. Annual comparison showed that the abundance index, evenness index and diversity index of planktophagous group in 2013-2014 were all higher than those in 2007 -2008 both in Cyperus malaccensis and Sonneratia caseolaris habitats because the planktophagous such as Gelonia coaxans and Morerlla iridescens and so on were collected in 2013-2014 but they were not found in 2007-2008.

Key words: benthic macrofauna, functional group, habitat, intertidal zone, the 14th Yong

颜露露, 蔡立哲, 陈昕韡, 李国强, 李文君, 曾佳丽, 饶义勇. 广州南沙十四涌潮间带大型底栖动物的功能群[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(7): 802-810.

Lulu Yan, Lizhe Cai, Xinwei Chen, Guoqiang Li, Wenjun Li, Jiali Zeng, Yiyong Rao. Functional groups of benthic macrofauna in the 14th Yong intertidal zone of Nansha, Guangzhou[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(7): 802-810.

图/表 5

图1 广州南沙十四涌潮间带大型底栖动物采样站位图

Fig. 1 Sampling sites of benthic macrofauna in the 14th Yong intertidal zone of Nansha, Guangzhou

图2 2007-2008年度(A)和2013-2014年度(B)大型底栖动物功能群物种组成。Cm: Cyperus malaccensis; Sc: Sonneratia caseolaris; Pl: 浮游生物食者; Ph: 植食者; C: 肉食者; O: 杂食者; D: 碎屑食者。

Fig. 2 Species composition of benthic macrofauna functional groups in 2007-2008 (A) and 2013-2014 (B). Cm: Cyperus malaccensis; Sc: Sonneratia caseolaris; Pl: Planktonphagous; Ph: Phytophagous; C: Carnivorous; O: Omnivorous; D: Detritivorous.

图3 2007-2008年度(A)和2013-2014年度(B)大型底栖动物功能群栖息密度组成。Cm: Cyperus malaccensis; Sc: Sonneratia caseolaris; Pl: 浮游生物食者; Ph: 植食者; C: 肉食者; O: 杂食者; D: 碎屑食者。

Fig. 3 Density composition of benthic macrofauna functional groups in 2007-2008 (A) and 2013-2014 (B). Cm: Cyperus malaccensis; Sc: Sonneratia caseolaris; Pl: Planktonphagous; Ph: Phytophagous; C: Carnivorous; O: Omnivorous; D: Detritivorous

图4 2007-2008年度(A)和2013-2014年度(B)大型底栖动物功能群生物量组成。Cm: Cyperus malaccensis; Sc: Sonneratia caseolaris; Pl: 浮游生物食者; Ph: 植食者; C: 肉食者; O: 杂食者; D: 碎屑食者。

Fig. 4 Biomass composition of benthic macrofauna functional groups in 2007-2008 (A) and 2013-2014 (B). Cm: Cyperus malaccensis; Sc: Sonneratia caseolaris; Pl: Planktonphagous; Ph: Phytophagous; C: Carnivorous; O: Omnivorous; D: Detritivorous

表1 广州南沙十四涌潮间带大型底栖动物各功能群的Margalef丰度指数(d)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)

Table 1 Abundance index (d), evenness index (J) and diversity index (H') of benthic macrofauna functional groups in the 14th Yong intertidal zone of Nansha, Guangzhou

生境和季节 Habitats and seasons		浮游生物食者(Pl)			植食者(Ph)						肉食者(C)						杂食者(O)						碎屑食者(D)
生境和季节 Habitats and seasons		d	J	H'		d		J		H'		d		J		H'		d		J		H'		d		J		H'
2007-2008年度	茳芏 Cyperus malaccensis	0.16	0.14	0.10	0.62		0.22		0.50		0.87		0.55		1.42		0.67		0.56		1.12		0.00		-		0.00
	海桑 Sonneratia caseolaris	0.00	-	0.00	0.50		0.05		0.10		0.55		0.28		0.56		0.96		0.36		0.83		-		-		0.00
	夏季 Summer	0.00	-	0.00	0.19		0.05		0.05		0.82		0.41		0.95		0.26		0.36		0.36		-		-		0.00
	秋季 Autumn	0.00	-	0.00	0.23		0.10		0.10		0.43		0.38		0.60		0.39		0.39		0.39		0.00		-		0.00
	冬季 Winter	0.17	0.17	0.12	0.62		0.20		0.47		0.99		0.57		1.47		0.97		0.69		1.56		0.00		-		0.00
	春季 Spring	0.00	-	0.00	0.20		0.06		0.06		0.41		0.52		0.82		0.00		-		0.00		-		-		0.00
	全年 Whole year	0.16	0.13	0.09	0.72		0.14		0.37		0.80		0.43		1.12		0.99		0.44		1.14		0.00		-		0.00
2013-2014年度	茳芏 Cyperus malaccensis	1.34	0.57	1.61	0.18		0.04		0.04		1.63		0.50		1.67		0.63		0.26		0.52		0.00		-		0.00
	海桑 Sonneratia caseolaris	1.01	0.29	0.75	0.51		0.04		0.08		0.90		0.61		1.59		0.87		0.70		1.81		1.15		0.55		1.29
	夏季 Summer	0.81	0.46	0.92	1.01		0.30		0.78		0.41		0.77		1.22		0.58		0.68		1.36		1.92		0.97		2.25
	秋季 Autumn	0.79	0.86	1.72	0.19		0.05		0.05		0.81		0.45		1.05		0.38		0.86		1.36		0.72		0.81		0.81
	冬季 Winter	1.33	0.69	1.78	0.57		0.25		0.49		1.26		0.77		2.17		0.73		0.73		1.46		0.39		0.39		0.39
	春季 Spring	0.44	0.26	0.42	0.21		0.07		0.07		1.04		0.72		1.85		0.84		0.27		0.55		0.30		0.91		0.91
	全年 Whole year	1.83	0.40	1.40	1.08		0.14		0.42		1.60		0.52		1.78		0.98		0.61		1.71		1.51		0.58		1.62

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