基于生物量的大型底栖动物功能摄食群结构 及生态质量评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2016062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2011年5月和9月2个航次获取的生物及环境数据, 分析了渤海湾大型底栖动物的功能摄食群组成, 并首次利用以生物量构建的摄食均匀度指数(the feeding evenness index, bj_FD)和多元AZTI海洋生物指数(multivariate-biomass AZTI marine biotic index, M-bAMBI)对渤海湾生态质量进行评价。结果表明, 渤海湾大型底栖动物功能群由4类组成, 分别是肉食者、碎屑食者、浮游生物食者和杂食者, 未发现植食者。2个航次均以浮游生物食者和杂食者的生物量最高, 碎屑食者最低。聚类分析结果表明海河口内大型底栖动物群落功能摄食群组成与其他区域明显不同。两个航次均以海河口的重金属潜在生态风险指数值(risk index, RI)较低, 且5月航次该指数沿河口向外有明显的空间分布梯度。bj_FD平均值为0.28, 指示研究区大部分区域生态质量较差, 其中低值区集中在海河口、北塘口及其附近海域, 与风险指数值的低值区基本吻合。BEST分析表明温度、盐度、重金属及营养盐等是影响bj_FD变化的主要环境因子。与M-bAMBI相比, bj_FD对海河口及北塘口较差的环境质量状况更为敏感。总体上, bj_FD适用于评价渤海湾的生态质量。

关键词: 大型底栖动物群落, 功能摄食群, 生物量, 摄食均匀度指数, 多元AZTI海洋生物指数, 渤海湾

Abstract

Based on biological and environmental materials collected during May and September of 2011, the composition of macrozoobenthos functional feeding groups was analyzed. Meanwhile, the feeding evenness index calculated from biomass data, together with M-bAMBI erected using biomass data, were used to assess the ecological quality of Bohai Bay for the first time. Results showed that the macrozoobenthos community was divided into five feeding groups, including a carnivorous group (CA), omnivorous group (OM), planktivorous group (PL), herbivorous group (HE) and detritivorous group (DE). Except for group HE, the other four groups were all sampled in the study area. Groups PL and OM displayed the greatest percentages of community average biomass in both voyages and the group DE displayed the smallest percentage. Cluster analysis indicated that the composition of the macrozoobenthos feeding group in the Haihe Estuary was significantly different from other areas. The risk index (RI) values were relatively lower in the Haihe Estuary than the other areas in the study region. Meanwhile, an obvious spatial gradient was observed along the Haihe estuary towards the offshore area during May 2011. The average feeding evenness index value was 0.28 indicating poor ecological quality in most study areas. In addition, the lower bj_FD values were found in the Haihe Estuary, Beitang outlet and their surrounding areas, which was similar to the RI spatial pattern. BEST analysis indicated that temperature, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrients were the main environmental factors affecting the feeding evenness index. Compared with the M-bAMBI, bj_FD was more sensitive to the poor environmental quality status of the Haihe Estuary and Beitang outlet. In general, bj_FD could be used to evaluate the ecological quality of Bohai Bay.

Key words: macrozoobenthos community, functional feeding groups, biomass, bjFD, M-bAMBI, Bohai Bay

蔡文倩, 刘静, 周娟, 夏阳, 刘录三 (2016) 基于生物量的大型底栖动物功能摄食群结构及生态质量评价. 生物多样性, 24, 1045-1055. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016062.

Wenqian Cai, Jing Liu, Juan Zhou, Yang Xia, Lusan Liu (2016) Composition of macrozoobenthos functional feeding groups and assessment of ecological quality using the feeding evenness index calculated from biomass data. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1045-1055. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016062.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016062

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I9/1045

图/表 9

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物种 Species	摄食群 Feeding group	物种 Species		食性 Feeding group
中华内卷齿虫 Aglaophamus sinensis	CA	双栉虫 Ampharete acutifrons		DE
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus	CA	中华倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus sinicus		DE
白毛钩虫 Cabira pilargiformis	CA	小双鳞蛇尾 Amphipholis squamata		DE
日本浪漂水虱 Cirolana japonensis	CA	小头虫 Capitella capitata		DE
小头栉孔鰕虎鱼 Ctenotrypauchen chinensis	CA	刚毛虫 Chaetozone setosa		DE
黄海埃刺梳磷虫 Ehersileanira incisa hwanghaiensis	CA	细丝鳃虫 Cirratulus filiformis		DE
内肋蛤 Eocylichna braunsi	CA	须鳃虫 Cirriformia tentaculata		DE
渤海格鳞虫 Gattyana pohaiensis	CA	三叶针尾涟虫 Diastylis tricincta		DE
长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori	CA		内肋蛤 Endopleura lubrica	DE
锥唇吻沙蚕 Glycera onomichiensis	CA		塞切尔泥钩虾 Eriopisella sechellensis	DE
寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae	CA		丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiforms	DE
日本角吻沙蚕 Goniada japonica	CA		异足科索沙蚕 Kuwaita heteropoda	DE
色斑角吻沙蚕 Goniada maculata	CA		中华后指虫 Laonice sinica	DE
软背鳞虫 Lepidonotus helotypus	CA		短吻铲荚鎰 Listriolobus brevirostris	DE
含糊拟刺虫 Linopherus ambigua	CA		中国索沙蚕 Lumbrineris sinensis	DE
岩虫 Marphysa sanguinea	CA		索沙蚕属一种 Lumbrineris sp.	DE
红带织纹螺 Nassarius succinctus	CA		尖叶长手沙蚕 Magelona cincta	DE
全刺沙蚕 Nectoneanthes oxypoda	CA		彩虹明樱蛤 Moerella iridescens	DE
纽虫一种 Nemertinea sp.	CA		多齿沙蚕 Nereis multignatha	DE
寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 Nepthys oligobranchia	CA		背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus	DE
狭细蛇潜虫 Ophiodromus angustifrons	CA		豆形核桃蛤 Nucula faba	DE
拟特须虫 Paralacydonia paradoxa	CA		梳鳃虫 Terebellides stroemii	DE
格陵兰半突虫 Phyllodoce groenlandica	CA		对称拟蚶 Arcopsis symmetrica	DE
乳突半突虫 Phyllodoce papillosa	CA		双纹须蚶 Barbatia bistrigata	DE
肥壮巴豆蟹 Pinnixa tumida	CA		大螺赢蜚 Corophium major	PL
耳口露齿螺 Ringicula doliaris	CA		中华螺赢蜚 Corophium sinensis	PL
深钩毛虫 Sigambra bassi	CA		小刀蛏 Cultellus attenuatus	PL
叉毛卷须虫 Cirrophorus furcatus	OM		津知圆蛤 Cycladicama tsuchi	PL
异足倒颚蟹 Asthenognathus inaequipes	OM		凸镜蛤 Dosinia derupta	PL
黄色刺沙蚕 Neanthes flava	OM		细螯虾 Leptochela gracilis	PL
豆形拳蟹 Philyra pisum	OM		微黄镰玉螺 Lunatia yokoyamai	PL
扁形动物门一种 Platyhelminthes sp.	OM		长偏顶蛤 Modiolus elongatus	PL
杂毛虫属一种 Poecilochaetus sp.	OM		凸壳肌蛤 Musculus senhousei	PL
锯额瓷蟹 Porcellana serratifrons	OM		黑龙江篮蛤 Potamocorbula amurensis	PL
绒毛细足蟹 Raphidopus ciliatus	OM		光滑篮蛤 Potamocorbula laevis	PL
哈氏刻肋海胆 Temnopleurus hardwickii	OM		秀丽波纹蛤 Raetellops pulchella	PL
短角双眼钩虾 Ampelisca brevicornis	DE		金星碟铰蛤 Trigonothracia jinxingae	PL

物种 Species	摄食群 Feeding group	物种 Species		食性 Feeding group
中华内卷齿虫 Aglaophamus sinensis	CA	双栉虫 Ampharete acutifrons		DE
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus	CA	中华倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus sinicus		DE
白毛钩虫 Cabira pilargiformis	CA	小双鳞蛇尾 Amphipholis squamata		DE
日本浪漂水虱 Cirolana japonensis	CA	小头虫 Capitella capitata		DE
小头栉孔鰕虎鱼 Ctenotrypauchen chinensis	CA	刚毛虫 Chaetozone setosa		DE
黄海埃刺梳磷虫 Ehersileanira incisa hwanghaiensis	CA	细丝鳃虫 Cirratulus filiformis		DE
内肋蛤 Eocylichna braunsi	CA	须鳃虫 Cirriformia tentaculata		DE
渤海格鳞虫 Gattyana pohaiensis	CA	三叶针尾涟虫 Diastylis tricincta		DE
长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori	CA		内肋蛤 Endopleura lubrica	DE
锥唇吻沙蚕 Glycera onomichiensis	CA		塞切尔泥钩虾 Eriopisella sechellensis	DE
寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae	CA		丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiforms	DE
日本角吻沙蚕 Goniada japonica	CA		异足科索沙蚕 Kuwaita heteropoda	DE
色斑角吻沙蚕 Goniada maculata	CA		中华后指虫 Laonice sinica	DE
软背鳞虫 Lepidonotus helotypus	CA		短吻铲荚鎰 Listriolobus brevirostris	DE
含糊拟刺虫 Linopherus ambigua	CA		中国索沙蚕 Lumbrineris sinensis	DE
岩虫 Marphysa sanguinea	CA		索沙蚕属一种 Lumbrineris sp.	DE
红带织纹螺 Nassarius succinctus	CA		尖叶长手沙蚕 Magelona cincta	DE
全刺沙蚕 Nectoneanthes oxypoda	CA		彩虹明樱蛤 Moerella iridescens	DE
纽虫一种 Nemertinea sp.	CA		多齿沙蚕 Nereis multignatha	DE
寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 Nepthys oligobranchia	CA		背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus	DE
狭细蛇潜虫 Ophiodromus angustifrons	CA		豆形核桃蛤 Nucula faba	DE
拟特须虫 Paralacydonia paradoxa	CA		梳鳃虫 Terebellides stroemii	DE
格陵兰半突虫 Phyllodoce groenlandica	CA		对称拟蚶 Arcopsis symmetrica	DE
乳突半突虫 Phyllodoce papillosa	CA		双纹须蚶 Barbatia bistrigata	DE
肥壮巴豆蟹 Pinnixa tumida	CA		大螺赢蜚 Corophium major	PL
耳口露齿螺 Ringicula doliaris	CA		中华螺赢蜚 Corophium sinensis	PL
深钩毛虫 Sigambra bassi	CA		小刀蛏 Cultellus attenuatus	PL
叉毛卷须虫 Cirrophorus furcatus	OM		津知圆蛤 Cycladicama tsuchi	PL
异足倒颚蟹 Asthenognathus inaequipes	OM		凸镜蛤 Dosinia derupta	PL
黄色刺沙蚕 Neanthes flava	OM		细螯虾 Leptochela gracilis	PL
豆形拳蟹 Philyra pisum	OM		微黄镰玉螺 Lunatia yokoyamai	PL
扁形动物门一种 Platyhelminthes sp.	OM		长偏顶蛤 Modiolus elongatus	PL
杂毛虫属一种 Poecilochaetus sp.	OM		凸壳肌蛤 Musculus senhousei	PL
锯额瓷蟹 Porcellana serratifrons	OM		黑龙江篮蛤 Potamocorbula amurensis	PL
绒毛细足蟹 Raphidopus ciliatus	OM		光滑篮蛤 Potamocorbula laevis	PL
哈氏刻肋海胆 Temnopleurus hardwickii	OM		秀丽波纹蛤 Raetellops pulchella	PL
短角双眼钩虾 Ampelisca brevicornis	DE		金星碟铰蛤 Trigonothracia jinxingae	PL

样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September	样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September	样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September	样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September
1	0.38	0.73	14	0.08	0.00	27	0.30	0.00	40	0.19	0.46
2	0.14	0.24	15	0.49	0.28	28	0.31	0.07	41	-	0.06
3	0.55	-	16	0.45	0.71	29	0.38	0.01	42	0.75	0.21
4	0.16	-	17	0.11	0.15	30	0.66	0.01	43	0.27	0.05
5	0.38	0.00	18	0.00	0.64	31	-	0.11	44	-	0.50
6	0.02	0.18	19	0.40	0.06	32	0.04	0.11	45	-	0.35
7	0.44	0.13	20	0.00	0.00	33	0.14	0.27	47	0.33	-
8	0.61	0.76	21	0.00	0.36	34	0.08	0.00	48	0.18	-
9	0.06	0.04	22	0.48	0.64	35	0.45	0.06	49	0.37	-
10	0.27	0.28	23	0.15	0.58	36	-	0.31	50	0.42	-
11	0.06	0.05	24	0.15	0.19	37	0.38	0.64
12	0.31	0.31	25	0.08	0.18	38	0.64	0.37
13	0.30	0.78	26	-	0.62	39	0.22	0.43

样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September	样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September	样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September	样点 Station	5月 May	9月 September
1	0.38	0.73	14	0.08	0.00	27	0.30	0.00	40	0.19	0.46
2	0.14	0.24	15	0.49	0.28	28	0.31	0.07	41	-	0.06
3	0.55	-	16	0.45	0.71	29	0.38	0.01	42	0.75	0.21
4	0.16	-	17	0.11	0.15	30	0.66	0.01	43	0.27	0.05
5	0.38	0.00	18	0.00	0.64	31	-	0.11	44	-	0.50
6	0.02	0.18	19	0.40	0.06	32	0.04	0.11	45	-	0.35
7	0.44	0.13	20	0.00	0.00	33	0.14	0.27	47	0.33	-
8	0.61	0.76	21	0.00	0.36	34	0.08	0.00	48	0.18	-
9	0.06	0.04	22	0.48	0.64	35	0.45	0.06	49	0.37	-
10	0.27	0.28	23	0.15	0.58	36	-	0.31	50	0.42	-
11	0.06	0.05	24	0.15	0.19	37	0.38	0.64
12	0.31	0.31	25	0.08	0.18	38	0.64	0.37
13	0.30	0.78	26	-	0.62	39	0.22	0.43