生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1112-1121. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018321
周细平1,2,*(),李贞1,吴培芳1,吴茜1,陈逸欣1,刘康格1,刘东艳3,王玉珏4,王跃启4
收稿日期:
2019-09-20
接受日期:
2019-10-13
出版日期:
2019-10-20
发布日期:
2019-10-20
通讯作者:
周细平
基金资助:
Zhou Xiping1,2,*(),Li Zhen1,Wu Peifang1,Wu Xi1,Chen Yixin1,Liu Kangge1,Liu Dongyan3,Wang Yujue4,Wang Yueqi4
Received:
2019-09-20
Accepted:
2019-10-13
Online:
2019-10-20
Published:
2019-10-20
Contact:
Zhou Xiping
摘要:
河口区大型底栖动物具有的重要群落特征往往可以反映群落所经历的环境污染。为更好地了解珠江河口区大型底栖动物群落结构, 作者于2014年11月至2015年8月进行了4个季度的大型底栖动物调查, 并利用PRIMER 6.0软件进行群落生物多样性指数计算、群落等级聚类(Cluster)和非度量多维标度排序(nMDS)分析。研究结果显示: 珠江河口区共获得大型底栖动物52种, 优势种包括光滑河篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)、中国绿螂(Glaucomya chinensis)、焦河篮蛤(Potamocorbula ustulata)和羽须鳃沙蚕(Dendroneris pinnaticirrus)。大型底栖动物年平均密度为269.3 ind./m 2, 年平均生物量为129.61 g/m 2。12个站次的丰富度指数(D)、均匀度指数(J')和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')平均值分别为1.81 ± 1.38、0.50 ± 0.27和1.60 ± 1.13。该结果显示除P01断面的秋季和冬季环境质量为优良外, 其他站位在不同季度都显示出轻度到重度的污染。Cluster聚类分析和nMDS标序结果表明, P01断面与P02和P03断面群落相似度较低, 与断面地理分布情况一致; P02断面和P03断面存在交叉聚集, 群落相似度较高。结合环境因子结果可知, 沉积物理化因子与群落分布特征相关性较大, 其中最能解释珠江河口区群落多样性分布特征的环境因子为盐度和pH值。
周细平,李贞,吴培芳,吴茜,陈逸欣,刘康格,刘东艳,王玉珏,王跃启 (2019) 珠江河口区大型底栖动物群落结构. 生物多样性, 27, 1112-1121. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018321.
Zhou Xiping,Li Zhen,Wu Peifang,Wu Xi,Chen Yixin,Liu Kangge,Liu Dongyan,Wang Yujue,Wang Yueqi (2019) The structure of macrobenthic community in Pearl River Estuary. Biodiversity Science, 27, 1112-1121. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018321.
图1 珠江口大型底栖动物站位图(左图仿黄洪辉等, 2002)
Fig. 1 The sampling station of macrobenthos in the Pearl River Estuary. The left figure is an imitation from Huang et al, 2002.
P01 | P02 | P03 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高潮区 High tide | 中潮区 Middle tide | 低潮区 Low tide | 高潮区 High tide | 中潮区 Middle tide | 低潮区 Low tide | 高潮区 High tide | 中潮区 Middle tide | 低潮区 Low tide | |
粘土 Clay (%) | 2.15 | 2.79 | 4.01 | 1.27 | 4.85 | 8.61 | 1.26 | 4.25 | 0.28 |
粉砂 Silt (%) | 18.06 | 21.65 | 28.47 | 15.51 | 50.95 | 76.36 | 18.73 | 48.59 | 3.13 |
极细砂 Sand (%) | 79.79 | 75.56 | 67.52 | 83.22 | 44.20 | 15.03 | 80.01 | 47.16 | 96.59 |
总氮 TN (%) | 0.23 | 0.04 | – | 0.02 | 0.03 | – | 0.05 | 0.05 | – |
总有机碳 TOC (%) | 1.83 | 0.37 | – | 0.22 | 0.21 | – | 0.60 | 0.70 | – |
温度 Temperature (℃) | 24.23 | 24.50 | 23.87 | ||||||
盐度 Salinity (‰) | 10.13 | 10.43 | 9.47 | ||||||
pH值 | 8.07 | 7.71 | 7.78 |
表1 珠江河口区各断面环境因素
Table 1 The environmental factors in different transections of Pearl River Estuary
P01 | P02 | P03 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高潮区 High tide | 中潮区 Middle tide | 低潮区 Low tide | 高潮区 High tide | 中潮区 Middle tide | 低潮区 Low tide | 高潮区 High tide | 中潮区 Middle tide | 低潮区 Low tide | |
粘土 Clay (%) | 2.15 | 2.79 | 4.01 | 1.27 | 4.85 | 8.61 | 1.26 | 4.25 | 0.28 |
粉砂 Silt (%) | 18.06 | 21.65 | 28.47 | 15.51 | 50.95 | 76.36 | 18.73 | 48.59 | 3.13 |
极细砂 Sand (%) | 79.79 | 75.56 | 67.52 | 83.22 | 44.20 | 15.03 | 80.01 | 47.16 | 96.59 |
总氮 TN (%) | 0.23 | 0.04 | – | 0.02 | 0.03 | – | 0.05 | 0.05 | – |
总有机碳 TOC (%) | 1.83 | 0.37 | – | 0.22 | 0.21 | – | 0.60 | 0.70 | – |
温度 Temperature (℃) | 24.23 | 24.50 | 23.87 | ||||||
盐度 Salinity (‰) | 10.13 | 10.43 | 9.47 | ||||||
pH值 | 8.07 | 7.71 | 7.78 |
种类 Species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter |
---|---|---|---|---|
环节动物 Annelida | ||||
羽须鳃沙蚕 Dendroneris pinnaticirrus | - | - | - | 0.022 |
软体动物 Mollusca | ||||
光滑河篮蛤 Potamocorbula laevis | 0.512 | 0.143 | 0.326 | 0.603 |
中国绿螂 Glaucomya chinensis | 0.067 | 0.128 | 0.020 | 0.031 |
焦河篮蛤 Potamocorbula ustulata | - | - | - | 0.020 |
表2 珠江河口区4个季度优势种及其优势度值(Y)
Table 2 The dominant species and their dominant values (Y) of four seasons in Pearl River Estuary
种类 Species | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter |
---|---|---|---|---|
环节动物 Annelida | ||||
羽须鳃沙蚕 Dendroneris pinnaticirrus | - | - | - | 0.022 |
软体动物 Mollusca | ||||
光滑河篮蛤 Potamocorbula laevis | 0.512 | 0.143 | 0.326 | 0.603 |
中国绿螂 Glaucomya chinensis | 0.067 | 0.128 | 0.020 | 0.031 |
焦河篮蛤 Potamocorbula ustulata | - | - | - | 0.020 |
站次 Samplings | 物种数 Species number | 密度 Density (ind./m2) | 生物量 Biomass (g/m2) | 丰富度指数 Richness index (D) | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (J') | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P01 | ||||||
秋季 Autumn | 19 | 183.1 | 89.47 | 3.92 | 0.80 | 3.39 |
冬季 Winter | 14 | 113.8 | 45.69 | 3.18 | 0.81 | 3.09 |
春季 Spring | 17 | 193.8 | 78.05 | 3.41 | 0.64 | 2.60 |
夏季 Summer | 10 | 188.4 | 79.04 | 1.95 | 0.62 | 2.06 |
P02 | ||||||
秋季 Autumn | 19 | 515.6 | 236.83 | 3.17 | 0.31 | 1.30 |
冬季 Winter | 4 | 190.2 | 53.15 | 0.64 | 0.21 | 0.42 |
春季 Spring | 4 | 391.1 | 100.12 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 1.08 |
夏季 Summer | 4 | 236.4 | 63.18 | 0.61 | 0.51 | 1.02 |
P03 | ||||||
秋季 Autumn | 7 | 446.2 | 222.87 | 0.92 | 0.40 | 1.03 |
冬季 Winter | 4 | 469.3 | 323.93 | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.45 |
春季 Spring | 2 | 279.1 | 254.66 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
夏季 Summer | 8 | 24.9 | 8.27 | 2.65 | 0.90 | 2.69 |
平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 6.3 | 269.3 ± 153.1 | 129.61 ± 101.49 | 1.81 ± 1.38 | 0.50 ± 0.27 | 1.60 ± 1.13 |
表3 珠江河口区4个季度大型底栖动物群落的物种多样性指数
Table 3 Biodiversity indices of macrobenthic communities in four seasons in Pearl River Estuary
站次 Samplings | 物种数 Species number | 密度 Density (ind./m2) | 生物量 Biomass (g/m2) | 丰富度指数 Richness index (D) | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (J') | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P01 | ||||||
秋季 Autumn | 19 | 183.1 | 89.47 | 3.92 | 0.80 | 3.39 |
冬季 Winter | 14 | 113.8 | 45.69 | 3.18 | 0.81 | 3.09 |
春季 Spring | 17 | 193.8 | 78.05 | 3.41 | 0.64 | 2.60 |
夏季 Summer | 10 | 188.4 | 79.04 | 1.95 | 0.62 | 2.06 |
P02 | ||||||
秋季 Autumn | 19 | 515.6 | 236.83 | 3.17 | 0.31 | 1.30 |
冬季 Winter | 4 | 190.2 | 53.15 | 0.64 | 0.21 | 0.42 |
春季 Spring | 4 | 391.1 | 100.12 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 1.08 |
夏季 Summer | 4 | 236.4 | 63.18 | 0.61 | 0.51 | 1.02 |
P03 | ||||||
秋季 Autumn | 7 | 446.2 | 222.87 | 0.92 | 0.40 | 1.03 |
冬季 Winter | 4 | 469.3 | 323.93 | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.45 |
春季 Spring | 2 | 279.1 | 254.66 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
夏季 Summer | 8 | 24.9 | 8.27 | 2.65 | 0.90 | 2.69 |
平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 6.3 | 269.3 ± 153.1 | 129.61 ± 101.49 | 1.81 ± 1.38 | 0.50 ± 0.27 | 1.60 ± 1.13 |
物种数 Species number | 密度 Density | 生物量 Biomass | 丰富度指数 Richness index (D) | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (J') | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H') | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总有机碳 Total organic carbon (%) | 0.703 | 0.233 | 0.486 | 0.716 | 0.447 | 0.682 |
总氮 Total nitrogen (%) | 0.757 | 0.285 | 0.440 | 0.803 | 0.352 | 0.720 |
粘土 Clay (%) | -0.247 | 0.215 | 0.496 | -0.053 | -0.459 | -0.104 |
粉砂 Silt (%) | -0.502 | 0.207 | 0.494 | -0.317 | -0.482 | -0.369 |
极细砂 Sand (%) | 0.483 | -0.208 | -0.496 | 0.296 | 0.482 | 0.347 |
温度 Temperature (℃) | 0.080 | 0.504 | -0.053 | 0.119 | 0.305 | 0.185 |
盐度 Salinity (‰) | 0.623* | 0.483 | -0.051 | 0.577* | 0.163 | 0.366 |
pH | 0.958** | -0.179 | 0.015 | 0.272 | 0.023 | 0.144 |
表4 生物多样性指数与环境因子的Pearson相关分析
Table 4 Pearson correlation between species biodiversity indices and environmental factors
物种数 Species number | 密度 Density | 生物量 Biomass | 丰富度指数 Richness index (D) | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (J') | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H') | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总有机碳 Total organic carbon (%) | 0.703 | 0.233 | 0.486 | 0.716 | 0.447 | 0.682 |
总氮 Total nitrogen (%) | 0.757 | 0.285 | 0.440 | 0.803 | 0.352 | 0.720 |
粘土 Clay (%) | -0.247 | 0.215 | 0.496 | -0.053 | -0.459 | -0.104 |
粉砂 Silt (%) | -0.502 | 0.207 | 0.494 | -0.317 | -0.482 | -0.369 |
极细砂 Sand (%) | 0.483 | -0.208 | -0.496 | 0.296 | 0.482 | 0.347 |
温度 Temperature (℃) | 0.080 | 0.504 | -0.053 | 0.119 | 0.305 | 0.185 |
盐度 Salinity (‰) | 0.623* | 0.483 | -0.051 | 0.577* | 0.163 | 0.366 |
pH | 0.958** | -0.179 | 0.015 | 0.272 | 0.023 | 0.144 |
调查年份 Investigation year | 物种数 Species number | 春季密度 Density in spring (ind./m2) | 夏季密度 Density in summer (ind./m2) | 春季生物量 Biomass in spring (g/m2) | 夏季生物量 Biomass in summer (g/m2) | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999-2000 | 32 | 591.7 | - | 26.70 | - | Huang et al, 2002 |
2004 | 223 | 2,011.0 | 859.3 | 439.69 | 189.06 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2005 | 240 | 183.0 | 138.5 | 127.17 | 25.36 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2006 | 209 | 94.0 | 28.5 | 31.14 | 13.53 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2008 | 293 | 251.7 | 215.0 | 27.15 | 38.91 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2006 | 245 | - | 205.3 | - | 14.31 | Zhang, 2014 |
2009 | 40 | ** | ** | ** | ** | Huang et al, 2011 |
2015 | 67 | 215.0 | 212.0 | 11.79 | 3.32 | Peng et al, 2019 |
2015 | 52 | 288.0 | 149.9 | 144.28 | 50.16 | 本研究 This study |
表5 珠江河口区大型底栖动物物种数、密度和生物量的历史与现状比较
Table 5 Historical and current status of the species number, density and biomass of macrobenthos in Pearl River Estuary
调查年份 Investigation year | 物种数 Species number | 春季密度 Density in spring (ind./m2) | 夏季密度 Density in summer (ind./m2) | 春季生物量 Biomass in spring (g/m2) | 夏季生物量 Biomass in summer (g/m2) | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999-2000 | 32 | 591.7 | - | 26.70 | - | Huang et al, 2002 |
2004 | 223 | 2,011.0 | 859.3 | 439.69 | 189.06 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2005 | 240 | 183.0 | 138.5 | 127.17 | 25.36 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2006 | 209 | 94.0 | 28.5 | 31.14 | 13.53 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2008 | 293 | 251.7 | 215.0 | 27.15 | 38.91 | Mao et al, 2011 |
2006 | 245 | - | 205.3 | - | 14.31 | Zhang, 2014 |
2009 | 40 | ** | ** | ** | ** | Huang et al, 2011 |
2015 | 67 | 215.0 | 212.0 | 11.79 | 3.32 | Peng et al, 2019 |
2015 | 52 | 288.0 | 149.9 | 144.28 | 50.16 | 本研究 This study |
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