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中国软骨鱼类拉-英-汉-日物种名录及各海域多样性比较

张洁1#*, 路昊明1, 2#, 陈佳杰3, 陈江源4, 毛宇帆5, 胡骏熙1, 6, 张保卫2*   

  1. 1.中国科学院动物研究所动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室，北京100101；2.安徽大学生命科学与医学工程学院，安徽合肥 230601；3.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海 200090；4.中国海洋大学水产学院，山东青岛 266005；5.日本筑波大学人間総合科学研究科，日本筑波市 305-8577；6.河北大学生命科学学院，河北保定071002
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 修回日期:2026-02-12 接受日期:2026-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 张洁, 张保卫

Latin-English-Chinese-Japanese Checklist of Chinese Chondrichthyans and comparison of diversity among marine regions

Jie Zhang1#*, Haoming Lu1,2#, Jiajie Chen3, Jiangyuan Chen4, Yufan Mao5, Junxi Hu1,6, Baowei Zhang2*   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 

    2. School of Life Sciences and Medical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; 

    3. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; 

    4. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266005, China; 

    5. University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; 

    6.College of Life Sciences, Hebei University Baoding 071002, China

  • Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-02-12 Accepted:2026-04-10
  • Contact: Jie Zhang, Baowei Zhang

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摘要： 软骨鱼类是最古老而独特的脊椎动物类群之一，拥有超过4亿年的演化历史。软骨鱼类对维系海洋生态系统的稳定起着重要作用，一些物种兼具重要的经济价值和科学价值。2001–2024年，全世界软骨鱼类物种数已由900种左右升至1,200种以上，涌现出许多新物种和新分布记录。中国作为软骨鱼类重要的栖息地，目前尚缺乏结合最新信息整理的软骨鱼类物种名录。本研究通过对已发表文献资料的梳理、国内各海区研究机构走访、公共数据库的核实和补充以及近20年对重要渔港实地调查数据积累（截至2025年9月30日），整理出中国软骨鱼类的中文-拉丁文-英文-日文对照物种名录，以及各物种在中国各海域（黄渤海、东海、南海、台湾海域）的分布状况，并使用G指数、F指数和G-F指数对上述海域软骨鱼类多样性进行了对比。结果表明，中国分布有软骨鱼类共14目59科114属259种，约占世界软骨鱼类物种总数的1/5。其中2001年后命名的新物种22种, 中国海域特有种22种; 被IUCN红色名录评为“受威胁”的物种141种，占中国软骨鱼类物种总数（已评估）的55.73%。上述各海域中，G-F指数依次为0.4655、0.7527、0.7393、0.7580。本研究对中国软骨鱼类物种名录进行了梳理和更新，该名录可为后续开展的软骨鱼类研究和国际合作提供基本框架，也为中国海域软骨鱼类物种保护、渔业资源管理以及相关国际公约的履约提供重要参考信息。

关键词: 生物多样性, 软骨鱼类, 中国海域, 物种名录, G-F指数

Abstract

Aims: The Chondrichthyans is one of the oldest and most unique groups of vertebrates, with over 400 million years of evolutionary history. They play a vital role in maintaining the stability of marine ecosystems, and some species have significant economic and scientific value. From 2001 to 2024, the number of Chondrichthyan species worldwide has increased from approximately 900 to over 1200, with many new species and distribution records emerging. China, as an important habitat for Chondrichthyan fishes, currently lacks a comprehensive Checklist of Chondrichthyan species incorporating the latest information. 

Methods: This study compiled a Checklist of Chinese Chondrichthyan species with Latin, English, Mandarin and Japanese names, based on a review of published literature, institutional collections in various marine regions of China, public databases, and nearly 20 years of field survey data from important fishing ports (up to September 30, 2025). The Checklist also includes the distribution of each species in four major marine regions of China (Yellow & Bohai Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan). The G, F, and G-F indices were used to compare the diversity of Chondrichthyan fishes among these marine regions. 

Results: China harbors 259 species of Chondrichthyan fishes, belonging to 114 genera, 59 families and 14 orders, accounting for approximately one-fifth of the world's total Chondrichthyan species. Of these, 22 are newly described after 2001, and 22 are endemic to Chinese waters. 141 species (55.73% of assessed species in China) are classified as "threatened" on the IUCN Red List. In the aforementioned marine regions, the G-F indices are 0.4655, 0.7527, 0.7393, and 0.7580, respectively. 

Conclusion: This study updates the Checklist of Chondrichthyan species in China. This Checklist serves as a foundational framework for subsequent research and international cooperation on these fishes, and also provides an important reference for the conservation of Chondrichthyan species in Chinese waters, fisheries resource management, and the implementation of relevant international conventions.

Key words: biodiversity, Chondrichthyans, Chinese waters, species checklist, G-F index

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