中国生物物种编目进展与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2022531

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 22531. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022531

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

中国生物物种编目进展与展望

江建平¹^,^*(), 杜诚², 刘冰³^,^*(), 王科⁴, 蔡磊⁴^,^*(), 李强⁵, 黄晓磊⁵^,^*()

1.中国科学院成都生物研究所两栖爬行动物多样性与保护实验室, 成都 610041
2.上海辰山植物园华东野生濒危资源植物保育中心, 上海 201602
3.中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
4.中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆, 北京 100101
5.福建农林大学植物保护学院闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室, 福州 350002

收稿日期:2022-09-17 接受日期:2022-11-01 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-11-08
通讯作者: 江建平,刘冰,蔡磊,黄晓磊
作者简介:huangxl@fafu.edu.cn
liubing@ibcas.ac.cn;
* E-mail: jiangjp@cib.ac.cn;
基金资助:
科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100400);中国生物多样性监测与研究网络(Sino BON)

Bio-inventory in China: Progress and perspectives

Jianping Jiang¹^,^*(), Cheng Du², Bing Liu³^,^*(), Ke Wang⁴, Lei Cai⁴^,^*(), Qiang Li⁵, Xiaolei Huang⁵^,^*()

1. Herpetological Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041
2. Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602
3. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
4. Fungarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
5. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002

Received:2022-09-17 Accepted:2022-11-01 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-11-08
Contact: Jianping Jiang,Bing Liu,Lei Cai,Xiaolei Huang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发现并描述地球上的生物物种, 建立可靠的生物分类系统, 编制权威且具有时效性的生物物种名录, 实现生物物种多样性信息的数字化和共享, 对于生物多样性科学研究、资源管理、科学决策和社会经济发展都有重要意义。在全球和区域层面, 生物物种编目工作越来越被重视, 也取得了一些可喜的进展。为反映中国生物物种编目工作近些年取得的成绩, 本文联合各相关类群的专家, 分别总结了脊椎动物、昆虫和其他无脊椎动物、植物、菌物等主要类群的物种编目进展情况, 并就将来如何更好地促进生物编目工作的开展提出了展望。现有数据显示, 中国已记录哺乳动物698种, 鸟类1,450种, 爬行类586种, 两栖类611种, 淡水鱼类1,591种, 高等植物38,493种(其中维管植物35,379种), 菌物约27,900种, 但尚无全面的包括所有昆虫和无脊椎动物的物种名录。近10年, 中国新增维管植物5个新科、86个新属、2,090个新种、374个新记录; 新增菌物新物种4,679个, 隶属于36纲140目438科1,372属。

关键词: 生物多样性, 分类学, 物种名录, 数字化

Abstract

Background: Bio-inventory practices, including discovering and describing species, establishing reliable biological classification systems, compiling authoritative and timely species catalogues, and digitizing and sharing biodiversity information, are of great significance for biodiversity studies, biodiversity resource management, science-based policy-making, and social and economic development.
Review results: In this article, based on a comprehensive review on literature and public databases, we summarize the progress of bio-inventory work on vertebrates, insects and other invertebrates, plants, and fungi in China in recent years. We also share perspectives for future bio-inventory work. Available data show that in China there are at least 698 recorded mammal species, 1,450 bird species, 586 reptile species, 611 amphibian species, 1,591 freshwater fish species, 38,493 higher plant species (including 35,379 vascular plant species), and about 27,900 fungi species, but there are no species catalogues for all Chinese insects and other invertebrates. In the last decade, 5 new families, 86 new genera, 2,090 new species and 374 new records of vascular plants, and 4,679 new fungi species belonging to 36 classes, 140 orders, 438 families and 1,372 genera, have been reported in China.
Perspectives: Bio-inventory is growing in importance at the global and regional levels, and encouraging progress has been made in this field in China. However, new species descriptions for invertebrates and fungi, catalogues of many organismal groups, and digitization and integration of biodiversity information are especially needed in future research.

Key words: biodiversity, taxonomy, species catalogue, digitization

江建平, 杜诚, 刘冰, 王科, 蔡磊, 李强, 黄晓磊 (2022) 中国生物物种编目进展与展望. 生物多样性, 30, 22531. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022531.

Jianping Jiang, Cheng Du, Bing Liu, Ke Wang, Lei Cai, Qiang Li, Xiaolei Huang (2022) Bio-inventory in China: Progress and perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22531. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022531.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022531

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I10/22531

图/表 13

图1 中国爬行类(A)和两栖类(B)各年代新种数

Fig. 1 New species of reptiles (A) and amphibians (B) discovered in China in each decade

图2 1999-2018年中国淡水鱼类新种发表数统计

Fig. 2 New species of freshwater fishes discovered in China during 1999-2018

图3 昆虫和蜘蛛新物种及编目文章发表情况。(A)以检索式“(insect OR spider) AND China AND new species”在Web of Science检索的文章数量; (B)以检索式“(insect OR spider) AND China AND (catalogue OR inventory)”在Web of Science检索的文章数量; (C)以“昆虫 + 编目/名录”和“蜘蛛 + 编目/名录”为关键词在中国知网检索的文章数量。

Fig. 3 Trends of published papers on new species and inventory of insects and spiders. (A) The Web of Science retrieval results using terms (insect OR spider) AND China AND new species; (B) The Web of Science retrieval results using terms (insect OR spider) AND China AND (catalogue OR inventory); (C) The CNKI retrieval results using terms (insect OR spider) AND (catalogue OR inventory)

图4 以“昆虫 + 编目/名录”和“蜘蛛 + 编目/名录”为关键词在中国知网检索的文章在不同省区的分布(除去全国性名录)

Fig. 4 The geographical distribution of papers retrieved from CNKI using terms (insect OR spider) AND (catalogue OR inventory)

图5 以“昆虫 + 编目/名录”为关键词在中国知网检索的不同昆虫类群文章数

Fig. 5 The taxonomic distribution of papers retrieved from CNKI using terms insect AND (catalogue OR inventory)

图6 2012-2021年中国维管植物新分类群的发表情况

Fig. 6 Number of Chinese vascular plants described as new to science from 2012 to 2021

图7 2012-2021年发表中国维管植物新物种的作者情况

Fig. 7 The status of authors of Chinese new vascular plant species published from 2012 to 2021

表1 2012-2021年中国维管植物新种发表最多的10个科和属

Table 1 Top 10 families and genera in which new species of vascular plants from China were described from 2012 to 2021

科名 Family	新物种数量 New species number	属名 Genus	新物种数量 New species number
兰科 Orchidaceae	223	楼梯草属 Elatostema	104
苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae	218	报春苣苔属 Primulina	86
荨麻科 Urticaceae	136	小檗属 Berberis	70
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	126	风毛菊属 Saussurea	48
菊科 Asteraceae	122	秋海棠属 Begonia	47
小檗科 Berberidaceae	77	蜘蛛抱蛋属 Aspidistra	44
禾本科 Poaceae	75	凤仙花属 Impatiens	44
天门冬科 Asparagaceae	64	耳蕨属 Polystichum	44
鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae	58	马铃苣苔属 Oreocharis	34
豆科 Fabaceae	54	翠雀属 Delphinium	33
其他121科 Other 121 families	937	其他524属 Other 524 genera	1,536

图8 2012-2021年间中国各省区发表的维管植物新物种和国家级新记录物种数量

Fig. 8 The provincial number of Chinese new and newly recorded vascular plants published from 2012 to 2021

图9 近10年世界菌物新物种及命名作者数量

Fig. 9 New species and authors of fungi in the world in the last decade

表2 近10年发现菌物新物种最多的20个国家

Table 2 Top 20 countries with most new fungal species discovered in the last decade

国家 Country	大洲 Continent	新物种数 Number of new species	占全球的比例 Percentage to the world (%)
中国 China	亚洲 Asia	4,679	20.09
美国 USA	北美洲 North America	1,758	7.55
泰国 Thailand	亚洲 Asia	1,640	7.04
巴西 Brazil	南美洲 South America	1,485	6.38
澳大利亚 Australia	大洋洲 Oceania	1,409	6.05
印度 India	亚洲 Asia	909	3.90
意大利 Italy	欧洲 Europe	859	3.69
西班牙 Spain	欧洲 Europe	683	2.93
法国 France	欧洲 Europe	639	2.74
南非 South Africa	非洲 Africa	513	2.20
日本 Japan	亚洲 Asia	501	2.15
韩国 Korea	亚洲 Asia	409	1.76
德国 Germany	欧洲 Europe	399	1.71
新西兰 New Zealand	大洋洲 Oceania	396	1.70
俄罗斯 Russia	欧洲 Europe	362	1.55
加拿大 Canada	北美洲 North America	295	1.27
厄瓜多尔 Ecuador	南美洲 South America	267	1.15
墨西哥 Mexico	北美洲 North America	265	1.14
荷兰 The Netherlands	欧洲 Europe	257	1.10
英国 UK	欧洲 Europe	218	0.94

图10 近10年中国菌物新种及命名作者

Fig. 10 New species and authors of fungi in China in the last decade

图11 近10年菌物新物种所属大洲分布

Fig. 11 The number of new fungal species discovered from each continent in the last decade

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中国生物物种编目进展与展望

Bio-inventory in China: Progress and perspectives

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