基于近低空遥感技术的国家公园功能分区边界识别: 以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2018249

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

边界划分是国家公园保护与管理的重要手段, 通常以行政区和自然地理边界为参考, 借助人工干预的方法进行划分, 而较少考虑当地生态系统的完整性以及人为干扰因素, 造成边界划分不合理、不清晰。本研究以钱江源国家公园体制试点区中横岭角和古田山访客中心2处干扰较大的典型区为例, 用无人机近低空遥感技术结合实地植被调查, 评估现有功能分区。结果表明, 横岭角和古田山访客中心功能分区修正面积分别为53,550 m ²和19,667 m ², 分别占航拍研究区域面积的29.75%和16.39%。功能分区不合理划分的原因包括: (1)人为干扰较大的区域与自然地物较难分辨; (2)部分边界划分没有考虑生态系统的完整性, 将面积较小或完整性稍差的天然林划分为保护级别较低的区域。本研究采用航拍影像结合地面调查, 从保护当地生态系统完整性和减小人为干扰因素的角度出发, 为国家公园功能分区边界划分与细化提供一种合理可行的方法。

关键词: 近低空遥感, 地面调查, 国家公园, 功能分区, 人为干扰, 边界识别

Abstract:

Delineating areas within a national park for different uses and management plans is important for protecting the land. Functional zones may be designated based on administrative boundaries, natural geographical boundaries, or a manual survey. However, the current delineation practice barely considers the integrity of the local ecosystem or human factors, which results in unreasonable and unclear boundaries. Considering two typical areas with large human interference in Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot as an example, we employed both low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology and on-the-ground field vegetation surveys to evaluate the legitimacy of the already established functional zoning boundaries. The results show that 53,550 m ² and 19,667 m ² of the functional area surrounding Henglingjiao and Gutianshan Visitor Center had been modified, respectively, accounting for 29.75% and 16.39% of the aerial study area. Misclassification of functional zoning may occur due to (1) difficulties in distinguishing between areas with large human disturbances and natural features; and (2) partitioning the natural forests into small sections that do not consider the integrity of the vegetative system, which results in lower levels of protection. This study uses a combination of aerial imagery and ground surveys to provide a reasonable and feasible method for the future identification and refinement of functional boundaries in national parks so as to best protect local ecosystem integrity and to reduce human disturbance factors.

Key words: low-altitude UAV remote sensing, on-the-ground field survey, national park, functional zoning, human interference, boundary identification

李杰, 李巍岳, 付晶, 高峻, 杨蕾, 何苇航. 基于近低空遥感技术的国家公园功能分区边界识别: 以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(1): 42-50.

Li Jie, Li Weiyue, Fu Jing, Gao Jun, Yang Lei, He Weihang. Using low-altitude UAV remote sensing to identify national park functional zoning boundary: A case study in Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(1): 42-50.

图/表 6

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	修正前游憩展示区 Recreation display area before revision	修正前生态保育区 Ecological conserveation area before revision	修正前传统利用区 Traditional use area before revision	修正前分区总计 Total original functional partition
修正后游憩展示区 Recreation display area after revision	82,778	24,263	14,743	121,784
修正后生态保育区 Ecological conservation area after revision	13,866	33,448	-	47,314
修正后传统利用区 Traditional use area after revision	678	-	10,223	10,902
修正后分区总计 Total corrected functional partition	97,322	57,711	24,967	180,000

	修正前游憩展示区 Recreation display area before revision	修正前生态保育区 Ecological conserveation area before revision	修正前传统利用区 Traditional use area before revision	修正前分区总计 Total original functional partition
修正后游憩展示区 Recreation display area after revision	82,778	24,263	14,743	121,784
修正后生态保育区 Ecological conservation area after revision	13,866	33,448	-	47,314
修正后传统利用区 Traditional use area after revision	678	-	10,223	10,902
修正后分区总计 Total corrected functional partition	97,322	57,711	24,967	180,000

	修正前游憩展示区 Recreation display area before revision	修正前生态保育区 Ecological conserveation area before revision	修正前核心保护区 Core protection area before revision	修正前分区总计 Total original functional partition
修正后游憩展示区 Recreation display area after revision	56,168	9,139	4,541	69,848
修正后生态保育区 Ecological conservation area after revision	-	12,502	-	12,502
修正后核心保护区 Core protection area after revision	5,987	-	31,662	37,650
修正后分区总计 Total corrected functional partition	62,155	21,641	36,204	120,000

	修正前游憩展示区 Recreation display area before revision	修正前生态保育区 Ecological conserveation area before revision	修正前核心保护区 Core protection area before revision	修正前分区总计 Total original functional partition
修正后游憩展示区 Recreation display area after revision	56,168	9,139	4,541	69,848
修正后生态保育区 Ecological conservation area after revision	-	12,502	-	12,502
修正后核心保护区 Core protection area after revision	5,987	-	31,662	37,650
修正后分区总计 Total corrected functional partition	62,155	21,641	36,204	120,000