生境差异和人类活动对云南剑川甸南镇小型哺乳动物群落结构和多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2023246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小型哺乳动物的群落结构可反映当地生境质量, 为生态保护提供数据支撑。为了解生境差异和人为干扰对云南省剑川县甸南镇小型哺乳动物群落结构以及多样性的影响, 本文于2005年1月至2017年12月, 选择4种典型生境(菜园地、耕地、灌丛和住家附近), 采用笼捕法对小型哺乳动物展开调查。共布设鼠笼195,612个, 捕获小型哺乳动物16,060只, 隶属4目7科22种。其中啮齿目捕获到3科15种15,777只, 大绒鼠(Eothenomys miletus)和高山姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)为甸南镇优势种。不同生境间小型哺乳动物数量差异极显著, 数量最多的是灌丛, 共5,760只; 最少的是住家附近, 仅2,160只。菜园地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高(1.26), 住家附近最低(1.08)。菜园地和耕地的物种相似性系数最高, 为0.94。本研究结果表明, 小型哺乳动物的群落结构和多样性受生境差异和人类活动干扰影响: 植物资源少、人类活动干扰程度高的生境中多样性指数低; 环境条件好、人类活动干扰适度的生境中多样性指数较高; 食物资源较少、干扰较少的生境中(如灌丛)多样性指数略低。

关键词: 小型哺乳动物, 物种多样性, 人为干扰, 生境类型, 群落

Abstract

Aims: As one of the richest areas of mammal diversity in China, the Hengduan Mountain region is a major source and endemic zone for natural epidemics. However, few studies have investigated the effects of habitat variation and human intervention on the community structure of small mammals via persistent monitoring in this region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the disparities in habitat selection and determine the influence of human disturbance on small mammals’ community structure by monitoring these communities within four characteristic habitats in Diannan Town, Jianchuan County. This will provide information for subsequent local plague control and biodiversity conservation efforts.

Methods: Surveys were conducted in Diannan Town by deploying rat cages randomly in the four predominant habitats (vegetable garden, cropland, shrub and neighborhood region) from January 2005 to December 2017. The time, location, species, and other characteristics of the captured animals were recorded. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index of the four habitats were calculated, and the chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the number of small mammals captured in four different habitats in Diannan Town.

Results: The species accumulation curves of the four habitats increased at a diminishing rate over time, and the ratio of actual number of species to estimated number of species was greater than 80%, indicating sufficient sampling. This survey captured a total of 16,060 small mammals. The dominant species in Diannan Town are Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri, and the number of small mammals captured in each habitat varied highly. The vegetable garden exhibited the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (1.26), and the neighborhood region had the lowest (1.08). The vegetable garden and cropland had the highest community similarity index (0.94).

Conclusion: This study finds that species composition, diversity index, and evenness index of small mammals vary among different habitat types in Diannan Town. Regions with high levels of human disturbance and low plant resources have low diversity indices while habitats with good resource conditions and moderate human disturbance have higher diversity indices. Further, habitats with fewer food resources and less human disturbance, such as the shrub habitat, have slightly lower diversity indices. Therefore, rodent borne disease control and prevention, such as that for the plague in Diannan Town, should be focused in cropland and vegetable garden regions.

Key words: small mammals, species diversity, human disturbance, habitat type, community

杨瑾谕, 朱万龙 (2023) 生境差异和人类活动对云南剑川甸南镇小型哺乳动物群落结构和多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 31, 23246. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023246.

Jinyu Yang, Wanlong Zhu (2023) Impact of habitat variation and human activities on small mammal community structure and diversity in Diannan Town, Jianchuan County, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23246. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023246.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023246

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I11/23246

图/表 9

参考文献 46

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生境 Habitat	实际物种数 Actual number of species	Chao 2指数 Chao 2 index	Bootstrap指数 Bootstrap index	Jackknife 2指数 Jackknife 2 index
菜园地 Vegetable garden	21	21.08	22.05	23.56
耕地 Cropland	22	24.45	23.40	27.50
灌丛 Shrub	19	20.45	19.98	23.06
住家附近 Neighborhood region	9	9.51	9.55	10.89

生境 Habitat	实际物种数 Actual number of species	Chao 2指数 Chao 2 index	Bootstrap指数 Bootstrap index	Jackknife 2指数 Jackknife 2 index
菜园地 Vegetable garden	21	21.08	22.05	23.56
耕地 Cropland	22	24.45	23.40	27.50
灌丛 Shrub	19	20.45	19.98	23.06
住家附近 Neighborhood region	9	9.51	9.55	10.89

物种 Species	捕获数量 Number of captures	总捕获率 Capture rate (%)	占捕获动物比例(P, %)	物种 Species	捕获数量 Number of captures	总捕获率 Capture rate (%)	占捕获动物比例(P, %)
食肉目 Carnivora				松鼠科 Sciuridae
鼬科 Mustelidae				侧纹岩松鼠 Sciurotamias forresti	14	0.007	0.087
黄鼬 Mustela sibirica	7	0.004	0.044	珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	12	0.006	0.075
劳亚食虫目 Eulipotyphla				赤腹松鼠 Sciurus iginventris	12	0.006	0.075
鼹科 Talpidae				鼠科 Muridae
白尾鼹 Parascaptor leucura	6	0.003	0.037	高山姬鼠 Apodemus chevrieri	6,719	3.435	41.837
鼩鼱科 Soricidae				红耳巢鼠 Micromys erythrotis	196	0.100	1.220
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata	53	0.027	0.330	大林姬鼠 Apodemus speciosus	425	0.217	2.646
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes	29	0.015	0.181	小林姬鼠 Apodemus sylvaticus	75	0.038	0.467
臭鼩 Suncus murinus	33	0.017	0.205	褐家鼠 Rattus norvegicus	1,162	0.594	7.235
攀鼩目 Scandentia				黄胸鼠 Rattus flavipectus	956	0.489	5.953
树鼩科 Tupalldae				社鼠 Niviventer confucianus	17	0.009	0.106
中缅树鼩 Tupaia belangeri	15	0.008	0.965	大足鼠 Rattus nitidus	94	0.048	0.585
啮齿目 Rodentia				小家鼠 Mus musculus	49	0.025	0.305
仓鼠科 Cricetidae				安氏白腹鼠 Niviventer andersoni	21	0.011	0.131
大绒鼠 Eothenomys miletus	5,919	3.026	36.856	黑缘齿鼠 Rattus andamanensis	102	0.052	0.635
				针毛鼠 Niviventer fulvescens	4	0.002	0.025

物种 Species	捕获数量 Number of captures	总捕获率 Capture rate (%)	占捕获动物比例(P, %)	物种 Species	捕获数量 Number of captures	总捕获率 Capture rate (%)	占捕获动物比例(P, %)
食肉目 Carnivora				松鼠科 Sciuridae
鼬科 Mustelidae				侧纹岩松鼠 Sciurotamias forresti	14	0.007	0.087
黄鼬 Mustela sibirica	7	0.004	0.044	珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	12	0.006	0.075
劳亚食虫目 Eulipotyphla				赤腹松鼠 Sciurus iginventris	12	0.006	0.075
鼹科 Talpidae				鼠科 Muridae
白尾鼹 Parascaptor leucura	6	0.003	0.037	高山姬鼠 Apodemus chevrieri	6,719	3.435	41.837
鼩鼱科 Soricidae				红耳巢鼠 Micromys erythrotis	196	0.100	1.220
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata	53	0.027	0.330	大林姬鼠 Apodemus speciosus	425	0.217	2.646
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes	29	0.015	0.181	小林姬鼠 Apodemus sylvaticus	75	0.038	0.467
臭鼩 Suncus murinus	33	0.017	0.205	褐家鼠 Rattus norvegicus	1,162	0.594	7.235
攀鼩目 Scandentia				黄胸鼠 Rattus flavipectus	956	0.489	5.953
树鼩科 Tupalldae				社鼠 Niviventer confucianus	17	0.009	0.106
中缅树鼩 Tupaia belangeri	15	0.008	0.965	大足鼠 Rattus nitidus	94	0.048	0.585
啮齿目 Rodentia				小家鼠 Mus musculus	49	0.025	0.305
仓鼠科 Cricetidae				安氏白腹鼠 Niviventer andersoni	21	0.011	0.131
大绒鼠 Eothenomys miletus	5,919	3.026	36.856	黑缘齿鼠 Rattus andamanensis	102	0.052	0.635
				针毛鼠 Niviventer fulvescens	4	0.002	0.025

生境 Habitat	Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	Simpson 优势度指数 Simpson dominance index
菜园地 Vegetable garden	1.26	0.41	1.59
耕地 Cropland	1.09	0.35	1.18
灌丛 Shrub	1.15	0.39	1.31
住家附近 Neighborhood region	1.08	0.49	1.16