白鹤利用农田作为中转取食生境的原因

doi:10.17520/biods.2022093

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22093. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022093

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

白鹤利用农田作为中转取食生境的原因

高洁¹, 李德浩¹, 姜海波¹^,^*(), 邓光怡¹, 张超凡², 何春光¹^,^*(), 孙鹏³

1.东北师范大学国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室/植被生态科学教育部重点实验室, 长春 130117
2.吉林省林业科学研究院, 长春 130033
3.吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区, 吉林白城 137000

收稿日期:2022-02-26 接受日期:2022-06-16 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-09-29
通讯作者: 姜海波,何春光
作者简介:he-cg@nenu.edu.cn
* E-mail: jianghb625@nenu.edu.cn;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U19A2042);国家自然科学基金(41901116)

Analyzing the relative habitat use by Siberian cranes on migratory stopover sites: A traditional wetland species switching to croplands for food resources

Jie Gao¹, Dehao Li¹, Haibo Jiang¹^,^*(), Guangyi Deng¹, Chaofan Zhang², Chunguang He¹^,^*(), Peng Sun³

1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117
2. Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun 130033
3. Momoge National Nature Reserve of Jilin, Baicheng, Jilin 137000

Received:2022-02-26 Accepted:2022-06-16 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-09-29
Contact: Haibo Jiang,Chunguang He

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)为IUCN红色名录极危物种, 在中转停歇地松嫩平原的停歇生境为湿地, 近年来却出现多数个体迁离湿地转移到玉米(Zea mays)地取食停歇的现象。为探究迁徙白鹤在中转停歇地取食生境利用变化的原因, 我们于2020年9月至2021年11月对该区域白鹤种群数量和取食生境等进行观测, 并对食物资源量进行了分析。结果表明: (1)在农田生境取食的白鹤个体数量占比达72.7%, 是湿地生境的2.66倍。农田已成为迁徙白鹤在中转停歇地的主要取食生境之一。(2)根据不同的收割方式, 农田可提供的总能量是湿地的1.24-2.79倍; 白鹤在农田的日摄入能量约为湿地的1.56倍。(3)在农田白鹤的每日取食时间约占总活动时长的53.5%, 是湿地的1.67倍, 取食成功率是湿地的1.56倍。白鹤取食生境利用变化的主要原因可能是由于水位变化、食物资源变化、取食难易度不同和人为干扰等综合作用导致。为有效保护和管理白鹤生境, 建议合理进行湿地生态补水调控并恢复白鹤主要食源植物, 开展农业用地保护计划并设置自然保护小区。

关键词: 白鹤, 迁徙停歇地, 农田, 湿地, 食物资源

Abstract

Aims: Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus) is a migratory, endangered species that uses the Songnen Plain as a main stopover area. Traditionally a wetland species, today most populations of Siberian cranes feed and rest during migratory stopovers in fields of corn (Zea mays). By examining the causes of this change in stopover habitat use, we can provide better protection for and potentially recovery of this declining species.

Methods: We recorded the numbers of Siberian cranes and both food resource and habitat usage on stopover sites on the Songnen Plain from September 2020 to November 2021 in the study area. These data were collected and analyzed using Google Earth, ArcGIS 10.7.

Results: Of the total number of Siberian cranes we observed, 72.7% were feeding on farmland, which was 2.66 times more than that of wetland habitats. Farmland has become the main feeding habitat for Siberian cranes. The total energy provided by farmland was 1.24-2.79 times as much as that provided by wetlands based on different harvesting methods, and the energy intake of Siberian cranes in farmland was about 1.56 times that of wetland. The daily feeding budget of Siberian cranes in farmland was 53.5% of their total time, which was 1.67 times more than that in wetlands. The feeding success rate in farmland was 1.56 times as much as that in wetland habitats.

Conclusions & Suggestions: The main reasons for the changes in feeding habitat use on migratory stopover sites by Siberian cranes may be attributed to the comprehensive effects of the change in water level, altered food resources, various feeding difficulties, and human disturbance. For effective protection and management of Siberian crane populations, we suggest that water supply be regulated to maintain wetland habitats on their migratory stopover sites to restore their main food source. It is also necessary to protect the agricultural land used by the species, and create a habitat refuge to support birds during their migration when they are particularly vulnerable to resource shortages.

Key words: Siberian crane, migratory stopover sites, farmland, wetland, food resource

高洁, 李德浩, 姜海波, 邓光怡, 张超凡, 何春光, 孙鹏 (2022) 白鹤利用农田作为中转取食生境的原因. 生物多样性, 30, 22093. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022093.

Jie Gao, Dehao Li, Haibo Jiang, Guangyi Deng, Chaofan Zhang, Chunguang He, Peng Sun (2022) Analyzing the relative habitat use by Siberian cranes on migratory stopover sites: A traditional wetland species switching to croplands for food resources. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22093. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022093.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022093

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I11/22093

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参考文献 29

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水深 Water depth (cm)	平均数量 Average quantity (yield/m²)	平均生物量 Average biomass (g)	群落面积 Community area (×10⁵m²)	总数量 Total quantity (×10⁶)	总生物量 Total biomass (×10⁷g)
0	117 ± 24	0.58 ± 0.05	0.49	5.74	0.33
5	131 ± 47	1.25 ± 0.09	0.73	9.60	1.20
10	355 ± 127	1.42 ± 0.10	2.91	103.42	14.69
15	157 ± 22	1.17 ± 0.14	9.05	142.09	16.62
20	115 ± 29	1.18 ± 0.07	0.81	9.26	1.09
25	118 ± 43	0.94 ± 0.06	4.55	53.68	5.05
30	83 ± 34	0.92 ± 0.06	5.75	47.75	43.93
总计 Total	-		24.29	371.54	43.37

水深 Water depth (cm)	平均数量 Average quantity (yield/m²)	平均生物量 Average biomass (g)	群落面积 Community area (×10⁵m²)	总数量 Total quantity (×10⁶)	总生物量 Total biomass (×10⁷g)
0	117 ± 24	0.58 ± 0.05	0.49	5.74	0.33
5	131 ± 47	1.25 ± 0.09	0.73	9.60	1.20
10	355 ± 127	1.42 ± 0.10	2.91	103.42	14.69
15	157 ± 22	1.17 ± 0.14	9.05	142.09	16.62
20	115 ± 29	1.18 ± 0.07	0.81	9.26	1.09
25	118 ± 43	0.94 ± 0.06	4.55	53.68	5.05
30	83 ± 34	0.92 ± 0.06	5.75	47.75	43.93
总计 Total	-		24.29	371.54	43.37

秸秆处理方式 Straw treatment mode	平均数量 Average quantity (yield/m²)	平均生物量 Average biomass (g/m²)	总数量 Total quantity (×10⁹)	总生物量 Total biomass (×10⁹g)
秸秆离田 Straw leaving field	12 ± 2	9.14 ± 0.03	1.07	0.80
秸秆还田 Straw returning to field	27 ± 15	20.49 ± 0.03	2.39	1.80

秸秆处理方式 Straw treatment mode	平均数量 Average quantity (yield/m²)	平均生物量 Average biomass (g/m²)	总数量 Total quantity (×10⁹)	总生物量 Total biomass (×10⁹g)
秸秆离田 Straw leaving field	12 ± 2	9.14 ± 0.03	1.07	0.80
秸秆还田 Straw returning to field	27 ± 15	20.49 ± 0.03	2.39	1.80

白鹤利用农田作为中转取食生境的原因

Analyzing the relative habitat use by Siberian cranes on migratory stopover sites: A traditional wetland species switching to croplands for food resources

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