长白山不同演替阶段温带森林木本植物菌根类型对林下草本植物多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2023337

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23337. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023337

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

长白山不同演替阶段温带森林木本植物菌根类型对林下草本植物多样性的影响

殷正¹, 张乃莉²^,³^,⁴, 张春雨¹, 赵秀海¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083
2.北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.北京林业大学林学院森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
4.国家林业和草原局黑龙江三江平原沼泽草甸生态系统定位观测研究站, 黑龙江双鸭山 518000

收稿日期:2023-09-12 接受日期:2023-12-05 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-04
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhaoxh@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFF1304003-02)

Effects of woody plant mycorrhizal types on understory herb diversity in temperate forests at different successional stages in Changbai Mountains

Zheng Yin¹, Naili Zhang²^,³^,⁴, Chunyu Zhang¹, Xiuhai Zhao¹^,^*()

1 Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
3 Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
4 Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang 518000

Received:2023-09-12 Accepted:2023-12-05 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-04
Contact: *E-mail: zhaoxh@bjfu.edu.cn

1. 附录.pdf(295KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温带森林生态系统草本植物多样性丰富, 是植物多样性的重要组分, 对森林生态系统功能的调控同样具有重要作用, 但却未受到广泛关注。本研究依托长白山地区原始阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林和采伐干扰后形成的次生针阔混交林中共128个1 m × 1 m草本植物样方连续两年的调查数据, 深入解析了两类森林林下丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM)草本植物和非菌根(non-mycorrhizal, NM)草本植物多样性的异同; 并运用广义线性混合效应模型分析了AM木本植物和外生菌根(ectomy- corrhizal, EcM)木本植物以及环境因子对林下草本植物多样性的影响。结果表明: 原始阔叶红松林中群落水平上草本植物和AM草本植物的多度和多样性均显著高于受人类采伐干扰后形成的次生针阔混交林, 而NM草本植物无显著差异。林下草本植物多度和多样性受到木本植物邻体的显著影响, 但其作用强度受到环境因素的调控。在次生针阔混交林中, 群落水平上的草本植物多样性主要受木本植物邻体多样性和林下叶面积指数的直接影响。AM草本植物多度与EcM木本植物邻体密度显著负相关, 且这种负作用关系随着土壤含水量的增加而减弱。在阔叶红松林中, 土壤含水量直接影响群落水平草本植物和AM草本植物的多度, 且土壤含水量的高低调控木本植物邻体对群落水平草本多度和多样性的影响。综上所述, 采伐干扰显著降低了温带森林生态系统中草本植物多度和多样性, 而上层木本植物邻体的菌根类型和环境因子对林下草本植物群落构建表现出明显的交互作用。

关键词: 草本植物, 演替阶段, 菌根真菌, 物种多样性

Abstract

Aims: Herbaceous plants are an important part of plant diversity in temperate forests and play a critical role in regulating ecosystem functioning. However, the diversity patterns of understory herbaceous plants and their contributions to ecosystem functioning have long been neglected. Therefore here, we aimed to determine herbaceous plant diversity in temperate forests at different successional stages and tease apart the relative importance of woody plant mycorrhizal types and environmental variables in regulating the diversity of herbaceous plants.

Methods: Based on continuous two-years survey data from 128 herbaceous plant quadrats (1 m × 1 m) in temperate forests at two different successional stages (i.e., the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBF) and the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (BKF)) in Changbai Mountains, we estimated the differences in diversity of herbaceous plant community, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) herbaceous plants in two forests. We also assessed the effects of AM and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) woody plants and environmental variables on the diversity of herbaceous plants using generalized linear mixed-effects model.

Results: Our results showed that the abundance and diversity of herbaceous plants at the community level and AM herbaceous plants were significantly higher in the BKF than those in the CBF, while there was no difference of NM herbaceous plants between the two sites. The abundance and diversity of herbaceous plants were significantly influenced by woody plant neighbors, but the effects of woody plant neighbors were dependent on environmental variables. In the CBF, the diversity of herbaceous plant at the community level and AM herbaceous plants were directly affected by the diversity of woody plant neighbors and leaf area index. The abundance of AM herbaceous plants was negatively correlated with density of EcM woody plant neighbors, but the negative effect of EcM woody plant neighbors reduced with increasing in soil moisture. In the BKF, soil moisture directly influenced the abundance of herbaceous plants at the community level and AM herbaceous plants, and the impacts of woody plant neighbors on the abundance and diversity of herbaceous plants was also dependent on soil moisture.

Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicate that forest disturbance could significantly decrease the abundance and diversity of understory herbaceous plants in temperate forest ecosystems, and provide insight into how the mycorrhizal types of overstory woody plant neighbors and environmental variables interactively modulate the community assembly of understory herbaceous plants.

Key words: herbaceous plants, successional stages, mycorrhizal fungi, species diversity

殷正, 张乃莉, 张春雨, 赵秀海 (2024) 长白山不同演替阶段温带森林木本植物菌根类型对林下草本植物多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 32, 23337. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023337.

Zheng Yin, Naili Zhang, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao (2024) Effects of woody plant mycorrhizal types on understory herb diversity in temperate forests at different successional stages in Changbai Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23337. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023337.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023337

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I1/23337

图/表 5

表1 长白山次生针阔混交林(CBF)和阔叶红松林(BKF)林下草本植物物种组成(多度前10的物种)

Table 1 Species composition of herbaceous plants in the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBF) and the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (BKF) in Changbai Mountains (Top 10 species in abundance)

	物种 Species	科 Family	生长型 Growth form	菌根类型 Mycorrhizal type	个体数 No. of individuals
次生针阔混交林 Secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests	东北羊角芹 Aegopodium alpestre	伞形科 Apiaceae	Forb	AM	1,323
	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae	Forb	AM	1,167
	荨麻叶龙头草 Meehania urticifolia	唇形科 Lamiaceae	Forb	AM	1,021
	舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	Forb	AM	858
	五福花 Adoxa moschatellina	五福花科 Adoxaceae	Forb	NM-AM	752
	丝引薹草 Carex remotiuscula	莎草科 Cyperaceae	Grass	NM-AM	468
	山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	紫草科 Boraginaceae	Forb	NM-AM	456
	白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	十字花科 Brassicaceae	Forb	NM	435
	蚊子草 Filipendula palmata	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	Forb	AM	349
	细叶孩儿参 Pseudostellaria sylvatica	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	Forb	NM	286
阔叶红松林 Broad-leaved Korean pine forests	荨麻叶龙头草 Meehania urticifolia	唇形科 Lamiaceae	Forb	AM	1,602
	东北羊角芹 Aegopodium alpestre	伞形科 Apiaceae	Forb	AM	1,552
	车轴草 Galium odoratum	茜草科 Rubiaceae	Forb	NM-AM	1,339
	水金凤 Impatiens noli-tangere	凤仙花科 Balsaminaceae	Forb	AM	1,301
	毛果银莲花 Anemone baicalensis	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	Forb	AM	942
	舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	Forb	AM	837
	香根芹 Osmorhiza aristata	伞形科 Apiaceae	Forb	AM	600
	丝引薹草 Carex remotiuscula	莎草科 Cyperaceae	Grass	NM-AM	464
	蔓孩儿参 Pseudostellaria davidii	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	Forb	NM	421
	水珠草 Circaea quadrisulcata	柳叶菜科 Onagraceae	Forb	AM	358

表1 长白山次生针阔混交林(CBF)和阔叶红松林(BKF)林下草本植物物种组成(多度前10的物种)

	物种 Species	科 Family	生长型 Growth form	菌根类型 Mycorrhizal type	个体数 No. of individuals
次生针阔混交林 Secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests	东北羊角芹 Aegopodium alpestre	伞形科 Apiaceae	Forb	AM	1,323
	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae	Forb	AM	1,167
	荨麻叶龙头草 Meehania urticifolia	唇形科 Lamiaceae	Forb	AM	1,021
	舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	Forb	AM	858
	五福花 Adoxa moschatellina	五福花科 Adoxaceae	Forb	NM-AM	752
	丝引薹草 Carex remotiuscula	莎草科 Cyperaceae	Grass	NM-AM	468
	山茄子 Brachybotrys paridiformis	紫草科 Boraginaceae	Forb	NM-AM	456
	白花碎米荠 Cardamine leucantha	十字花科 Brassicaceae	Forb	NM	435
	蚊子草 Filipendula palmata	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	Forb	AM	349
	细叶孩儿参 Pseudostellaria sylvatica	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	Forb	NM	286
阔叶红松林 Broad-leaved Korean pine forests	荨麻叶龙头草 Meehania urticifolia	唇形科 Lamiaceae	Forb	AM	1,602
	东北羊角芹 Aegopodium alpestre	伞形科 Apiaceae	Forb	AM	1,552
	车轴草 Galium odoratum	茜草科 Rubiaceae	Forb	NM-AM	1,339
	水金凤 Impatiens noli-tangere	凤仙花科 Balsaminaceae	Forb	AM	1,301
	毛果银莲花 Anemone baicalensis	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	Forb	AM	942
	舞鹤草 Maianthemum bifolium	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	Forb	AM	837
	香根芹 Osmorhiza aristata	伞形科 Apiaceae	Forb	AM	600
	丝引薹草 Carex remotiuscula	莎草科 Cyperaceae	Grass	NM-AM	464
	蔓孩儿参 Pseudostellaria davidii	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	Forb	NM	421
	水珠草 Circaea quadrisulcata	柳叶菜科 Onagraceae	Forb	AM	358

图1 长白山次生针阔混交林(CBF)和阔叶红松林(BKF)林下草本植物的多度和多样性比较(平均值 ± 标准误)。ALL: 群落水平草本植物; AM: 丛枝菌根; NM: 非菌根。* P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001; ns: P > 0.05。

Fig. 1 Comparison of the abundance and diversity indices of herbaceous plants in the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBF) and the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (BKF) in Changbai Mountains (mean ± SE). ALL, All herbaceous plants; AM, Arbuscular mycorrhizal; NM, Non-mycorrhizal. * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001; ns, P > 0.05.

图2 长白山次生针阔混交林(CBF)和阔叶红松林(BKF)中木本植物邻体和环境因子对群落水平草本植物多度(a)和多样性(b)的影响。图中实心点表示该参数估计值达到显著水平(P < 0.05), 水平线表示95%的置信区间。

Fig. 2 Effects of woody plant neighbors and environmental variables on the abundance (a) and diversity (b) of all herbaceous plants in the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBF) and the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (BKF) in Changbai Mountains. Solid points indicate estimated coefficients that are statistically significant (P < 0.05), and bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

图3 长白山次生针阔混交林(CBF)和阔叶红松林(BKF)中丛枝菌根(AM)木本植物(a)、外生菌根(EcM)木本植物(b)和环境因子对林下AM草本植物多度的影响。图中实心点表示该参数估计值达到显著水平(P < 0.05), 水平线表示95%的置信区间。

Fig. 3 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) woody plant (a), ectomycorrhiza (EcM) woody plant (b) and environmental variables on the abundance of AM herbaceous plants in the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBF) and the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (BKF) in Changbai Mountain. Solid points indicate estimated coefficients that are statistically significant (P < 0.05), and bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

图4 长白山次生针阔混交林(CBF)和阔叶红松林(BKF)中丛枝菌根(AM)木本植物(a)、外生菌根(EcM)木本植物(b)和环境因子对林下AM草本植物多样性的影响。图中实心点表示该参数估计值达到显著水平(P < 0.05), 水平线表示95%的置信区间。

Fig. 4 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) woody plant (a), ectomycorrhiza (EcM) woody plant (b) and environmental variables on the diversity of AM herbaceous plants in the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBF) and the broad-leaved Korean pine forests (BKF) in Changbai Mountains. Solid points indicate estimated coefficients that are statistically significant (P < 0.05), and bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

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长白山不同演替阶段温带森林木本植物菌根类型对林下草本植物多样性的影响

Effects of woody plant mycorrhizal types on understory herb diversity in temperate forests at different successional stages in Changbai Mountains

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