三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系

doi:10.17520/biods.2023169

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 23169. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023169

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系

钟欣艺¹, 赵凡³, 姚雪⁴, 吴雨茹¹, 许银¹, 鱼舜尧¹, 林静芸¹, 郝建锋¹^,²^,^*()

1.四川农业大学林学院, 成都 611130
2.四川农业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室, 成都 611130
3.四川省文物考古研究院, 成都 610041
4.西南民族大学旅游与历史文化学院, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2023-05-26 接受日期:2023-07-19 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-09-05
通讯作者: *E-mail: haojf2005@aliyun.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31370628);三星堆遗址植被调查项目(003-2222339006);四川省科技计划(2023YFS0463);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJCZH219)

Relationship between herbaceous plant diversity and soil anti-scourability under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall

Xinyi Zhong¹, Fan Zhao³, Xue Yao⁴, Yuru Wu¹, Yin Xu¹, Shunyao Yu¹, Jingyun Lin¹, Jianfeng Hao¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
2. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
3. Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041
4. Department of Tourism and History Cultural, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041

Received:2023-05-26 Accepted:2023-07-19 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-09-05
Contact: *E-mail: haojf2005@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三星堆遗址城墙对中华文明探源工程具有重要意义。研究不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性、根系与土壤抗冲性的关系对防止遗址城墙水土流失、发挥原生植被的水土保持作用意义重大。本研究基于样地调查, 以三星堆遗址城墙的草本植物群落为研究对象, 探讨了自然更新、种植、弃耕、灌木去除、修剪5种维护措施下草本植物物种多样性、根系和土壤抗冲性特征及其相关性。结果表明: (1)研究区共记录草本植物103种, 隶属40科81属, 以菊科及禾本科植物占优, 多年生草本植物居多。(2)灌木去除样地的物种多样性水平相对较高, 自然更新样地次之, 再次是修剪样地和种植样地, 弃耕样地物种多样性水平显著低于其余样地(P < 0.05)。(3)灌木去除样地和自然更新样地的土壤抗冲系数(分别为138.86 L/g和118.31 L/g, 二者无显著差异(P > 0.05))显著高于其余类型(P < 0.05)。除根长密度外, 灌木去除样地的根表面积密度、根体积密度和平均根径均显著高于其他类型(P < 0.05)。(4) 4种多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数)、根长密度、平均根径、分叉数均与土壤抗冲系数极显著正相关(P < 0.01); 根表面积密度、根体积密度与土壤抗冲系数亦显著正相关(P < 0.05)。综上, 灌木去除样地与自然更新样地的草本植物物种多样性指数、根系参数与土壤抗冲性较好。结合城墙区域的植被特点和遗址保护的原真性, 建议实行以自然更新为主的原生境保护措施, 必要时辅以如灌木去除、修剪等维护措施, 有效提升物种多样性和土壤抗冲性, 促进三星堆遗址城墙植被的可持续发展和原生态展现。

关键词: 三星堆遗址城墙, 原生境保护, 物种多样性, 根系, 土壤抗冲性, 草本植物群落

Abstract

Aims: The City Wall of Sanxingdui is a historical site of great significance to the exploration of the origins of Chinese civilization. It is important to study the relationships between herbaceous plant species diversity, root system and soil anti-scourability under different maintenance measures to protect this valuable cultural site from erosion damage and harness the water and soil conservation functions of native vegetation.
Methods: In this study, we conducted a field survey focusing on five typical herbaceous plant communities associated with five common maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall: natural regeneration, planting, abandoned field, shrub removal, and pruning. We investigated the species diversity, root characteristics, soil anti-scourability and their correlation.
Results: A total of 103 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 40 families and 81 genera were recorded in the study area, with Asteraceae and Gramineae being dominant families, and the majority of species being perennial herbs. Species diversity was highest in the shrub removal plots, followed by the natural regeneration plots, and then the pruning and planting plots, while the abandoned field plots had a significantly lower level of species diversity than the other types of plots (P < 0.05). The soil anti-scourability coefficients of the shrub removal and natural regeneration plots (138.86 L/g and 118.31 L/g) were not significantly different (P > 0.05), but both were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the other types of plots. Root characteristics demonstrated a more robust root network in shrub removal plots, with significantly higher values of root surface area density, root volume density and average root diameter than other types of plots (P < 0.05). The four diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, species richness index, Pielou evenness index), root length density, average root diameter and number of root branches were very significantly positively correlated with the soil anti-scourability coefficient (P < 0.01). Root surface area density and root volume density were also significantly positively correlated with soil anti-scourability coefficient (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: In summary, the shrub removal and natural regeneration plots demonstrated higher herb diversity indices, denser root networks and greater soil anti-scourability coefficients. Considering the vegetation characteristics of the city walls and the importance of preserving this unique cultural heritage site, we recommend implementing in situ habitat protection measures with a focus on natural regeneration, supplemented by scientifically informed active maintenance measures such as shrub removal and pruning when necessary. This strategy holds promise to effectively enhance species diversity and soil anti-scourability, and promote sustainable development and historical preservation of the walled vegetation of the Sanxingdui site.

Key words: Sanxingdui City Wall, in situ conservation, species diversity, root system, soil anti-scourability, herbaceous plant communities

钟欣艺, 赵凡, 姚雪, 吴雨茹, 许银, 鱼舜尧, 林静芸, 郝建锋 (2023) 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系. 生物多样性, 31, 23169. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023169.

Xinyi Zhong, Fan Zhao, Xue Yao, Yuru Wu, Yin Xu, Shunyao Yu, Jingyun Lin, Jianfeng Hao (2023) Relationship between herbaceous plant diversity and soil anti-scourability under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23169. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023169.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023169

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I8/23169

图/表 7

图1 三星堆遗址城墙地理位置

Fig. 1 Location of Sanxingdui City Wall

图2 土壤抗冲性试验装置

Fig. 2 Soil anti-scourability experimental facility

图3 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物群落物种组成和生活型。F: 科; G: 属; S: 种; A: 一年生草本; P: 多年生草本; NR: 自然更新样地; PL: 种植样地; AF: 弃耕样地; SR: 灌木去除样地; PR: 修剪样地。

Fig. 3 Species composition and life form of herbaceous plant community under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall. F, Family; G, Genus; S, Species; A, Annual herb; P, Perennial herb; NR, Natural regeneration plots; PL, Planting plots; AF, Abandoned field plots; SR, Shrub removal plots; PR, Pruning plots.

图4 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物群落物种多样性比较。NR: 自然更新样地; PL: 种植样地; AF: 弃耕样地; SR: 灌木去除样地; PR: 修剪样地。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Comparison of species diversity of herbaceous plant communities under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall. NR, Natural regeneration plots; PL, Planting plots; AF, Abandoned field plots; SR, Shrub removal plots; PR, Pruning plots. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level.

图5 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下冲刷过程土壤抗冲性变化特征。NR: 自然更新样地; PL: 种植样地; AF: 弃耕样地; SR: 灌木去除样地; PR: 修剪样地。

Fig. 5 The variation characteristics of soil anti-scourability in the process of erosion under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall. NR, Natural regeneration plots; PL, Planting plots; AF, Abandoned field plots; SR, Shrub removal plots; PR, Pruning plots.

表1 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下土壤抗冲系数及细根指标。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Table 1 Soil anti-scourability coefficient and fine root index under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall. Different small letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 level.

	抗冲系数 Anti-scourability coefficient (L/g)	根表面积密度 Root surface area density (cm²/cm³)	根长密度 Root length density (cm/cm³)	根体积密度 Root volume density (cm³/cm³)	平均根径 Average root diameter (mm)	分叉数 Root forks
自然更新样地 Natural regeneration plots	118.31 ± 10.94^ab	0.1577 ± 0.0183^c	0.6448 ± 0.0139^b	0.0049 ± 0.0005^b	1.19 ± 0.11^b	1,238 ± 185^b
种植样地 Planting plots	18.81 ± 2.09^c	0.2350 ± 0.0119^b	0.3706 ± 0.0230^c	0.0074 ± 0.0005^b	1.20 ± 0.04^b	583 ± 98^c
弃耕样地 Abandoned field plots	22.11 ± 2.41^c	0.0749 ± 0.0116^d	0.4168 ± 0.0866^c	0.0017 ± 0.0002^c	0.73 ± 0.06^c	394 ± 80^c
灌木去除样地 Shrub removal plots	138.86 ± 13.03^a	0.4055 ± 0.0369^a	0.8659 ± 0.0490^ab	0.0164 ± 0.002^a	1.63 ± 0.15^a	1,793 ± 129^a
修剪样地 Pruning plots	99.26 ± 0.72^b	0.2304 ± 0.0158^b	0.7745 ± 0.0386^ab	0.0051 ± 0.0005^b	0.91 ± 0.04^bc	1,592 ± 65^ab

图6 三星堆遗址城墙草本植物群落物种多样性指数与抗冲系数及细根指标的相关性。H': Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; D: Simpson优势度指数; S: 物种丰富度指数; JSW: Pielou均匀度指数; AS: 土壤抗冲系数; RSAD: 根表面积密度: RLD: 根长密度; RVD: 根体积密度; ARD: 平均根径; RF: 分叉数。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。

Fig. 6 Correlation of species diversity index, soil anti-scourability coefficient and fine root index of herbaceous plant communities at Sanxingdui City Wall. H', Shannon-Wiener diversity index; D, Simpson dominance index; S, species richness index; JSW, Pielou evenness index; AS, Soil anti-scourability coefficient; RSAD, Root surface area density; RLD, Root length density; RVD, Root volume density; ARD, Average root diameter; RF, Root forks. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.

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三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系

Relationship between herbaceous plant diversity and soil anti-scourability under different maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall

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