生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 24143. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024143 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024143
何德奎*()(
), 陈晋南(
), 丁刘勇(
), 徐一扬, 黄俊豪, 隋晓云(
)
收稿日期:
2024-04-12
接受日期:
2024-07-03
出版日期:
2024-11-20
发布日期:
2024-08-11
通讯作者:
E-mail: 基金资助:
Dekui He*()(
), Jinnan Chen(
), Liuyong Ding(
), Yiyang Xu, Junhao Huang, Xiaoyun Sui(
)
Received:
2024-04-12
Accepted:
2024-07-03
Online:
2024-11-20
Published:
2024-08-11
Contact:
E-mail: Supported by:
摘要:
雅鲁藏布江是我国最长的十大河流之一, 流域纵贯古北界和东洋界两大动物地理区, 孕育了丰富的生物多样性, 但缺乏从全流域尺度认识鱼类组成和多样性格局及其变化过程的研究。本研究依据近20年实地调查数据, 综合雅鲁藏布江鱼类多样性研究文献, 特别是藏南鱼类分类学和多样性研究, 整理形成雅鲁藏布江流域鱼类多样性名录及分布, 并分析了多样性现状与面临的主要威胁。截至2023年, 雅鲁藏布江流域共分布土著鱼类10目25科70属155种(亚种), 包括特有鱼类29种, 特有属1个; 国家重点保护水生野生动物(II级) 5种; 受威胁物种26种。鱼类区系组成以青藏高原鱼类和南亚鱼类为主, 雅鲁藏布江大峡谷加热萨-帮辛段可能是两大动物区的分界线; 雅鲁藏布江流域自然水体记录有外来鱼类8目16科24属30种, 其中3种为雅鲁藏布江流域内不同地区间引入。近年来, 外来鱼类呈现出从高原内部水系之间引入以及北方冷水性鱼类快速增加的趋势。雅鲁藏布江鱼类多样性正面临外来鱼类入侵等威胁。本文也对当前研究不足和未来关注的重点进行了讨论。
何德奎, 陈晋南, 丁刘勇, 徐一扬, 黄俊豪, 隋晓云 (2024) 雅鲁藏布江鱼类多样性现状与分布格局. 生物多样性, 32, 24143. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024143.
Dekui He, Jinnan Chen, Liuyong Ding, Yiyang Xu, Junhao Huang, Xiaoyun Sui (2024) The status and distribution pattern of fish diversity in the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24143. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024143.
图1 雅鲁藏布江水系和本研究调查断面示意图。(A)主要河流和调查断面分布; (B)雅鲁藏布江下游局部放大图。
Fig. 1 The map of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system and investigation sections in this study. (A) Main river and investigation sections; (B) Enlarged view of the lower Yarlung Tsangbo River.
图2 雅鲁藏布江干流调查断面物种丰富度和特有种数随海拔(折线)的变化。各断面编号参见附录1。
Fig. 2 Variations in endemic species and species richness along altitude (line) in the main stream of the Yarlung Tsangpo River survey sections (locations). Section codes (S) correspond to those in Appendix 1.
图3 雅鲁藏布江干流不同断面刺网捕捞方式渔获物中各物种密度(尾/km) (A)以及代表性经济鱼类组成比例(B)。各断面编号参见附录1。
Fig. 3 The catch per unit (CPU, individuals per kilometer) of the commercial fish species in different sections catches (A), and the percentage of representative fish species in catches (B) by gill net in the Yarlung Tsangpo River mainstream. Locality codes (S) correspond to those in Appendix 1.
图4 基于物种分类学关系不相似性(Taxoβdissim)矩阵构建的雅鲁藏布江流域各断面(不包括4个湿地样点)非加权配对算术平均法聚类树状图。红色为下游断面, 蓝色为上、中游断面, 紫色为下游巴昔卡断面。各断面编号参见附录1。
Fig. 4 The dendrograms of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering based on Taxoβdissim metrics of taxonomy relationship among sections (excluding four wetland locations) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin. The red lines indicate that the sections locate in the lower reaches of the river, blue indicate the upper and middle ones, and the purple indicates the Pasighat section. Section codes (S) correspond to those in Appendix 1.
物种 Species | 调查时期 Investigation period | 分布范围 Distribution | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001−2005 | 2006−2010 | 2011−2015 | 2016−2020 | 2021−2023 | 中游 Middle reaches | 下游 Lower reaches | |||||||
鲤形目 Cypriniformes | |||||||||||||
鳅科 Cobitidae | |||||||||||||
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
条鳅科 Nemacheilidae | |||||||||||||
达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica# | + | + | |||||||||||
硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera# | + | + | |||||||||||
鲤科 Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||
鲫 Carassius auratus# | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
银鲫 Carassius gibelio# | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||
鲤 Cyprinus carpio# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
双须叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus dipogon*# | + | + | |||||||||||
巨须裂腹鱼 Schizothorax macropogon*# | + | + | |||||||||||
齐口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax prenanti# | + | + | |||||||||||
拉萨裂腹鱼 Schizothorax waltoni*# | + | ||||||||||||
鲴科 Xenocyprididae | |||||||||||||
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | + | + | |||||||||||
鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis | + | + | + | ||||||||||
鲂 Megalobrama skolkovii# | + | + | |||||||||||
丁鱥科 Tincidae | |||||||||||||
丁鱥 Tinca tinca# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
鮈科 Gobionidae | |||||||||||||
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis# | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
雅罗鱼科 Leuciscidae | |||||||||||||
大吻鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii# | + | + | |||||||||||
鲇形目 Siluriformes | |||||||||||||
鲇科 Siluridae | |||||||||||||
鲇 Silurus asotus# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
大口鲇 Silurus meridionalis# | + | + | |||||||||||
鮰科 Ictaluridae | |||||||||||||
云斑鮰 Ameiurus nebulosus# | + | + | |||||||||||
鲑形目 Salmoniformes | |||||||||||||
鲑科 Salmonidae | |||||||||||||
褐鳟 Salmo trutta# | + | + | |||||||||||
鰕虎鱼目 Gobiiformes | |||||||||||||
沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae | |||||||||||||
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis# | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
葛氏鲈塘鳢 Perccottus glenii | + | ||||||||||||
鰕虎鱼科 Gobiidae | |||||||||||||
波氏吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius cliffordpopei# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
合鳃鱼目 Synbranchiformes | |||||||||||||
合鳃科 Synbranchidae | |||||||||||||
黄鳝 Monopterus albus | + | + | |||||||||||
攀鲈目 Anabantiformes | |||||||||||||
鳢科 Channidae | |||||||||||||
乌鳢 Channa argus# | + | + | |||||||||||
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes | |||||||||||||
胎鳉科 Poeciliidae | |||||||||||||
西部食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis# | + | + | + | ||||||||||
颌针鱼目 Beloniformes | |||||||||||||
异鳉科 Adrianichthyidae | |||||||||||||
青鳉 Oryzias sinensis# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
合计 Total | 30 | 9 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 25 | 9 |
表1 雅鲁藏布江外来鱼类信息
Table 1 The information of the non-native fish species in the Yarlung Tsangpo River
物种 Species | 调查时期 Investigation period | 分布范围 Distribution | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001−2005 | 2006−2010 | 2011−2015 | 2016−2020 | 2021−2023 | 中游 Middle reaches | 下游 Lower reaches | |||||||
鲤形目 Cypriniformes | |||||||||||||
鳅科 Cobitidae | |||||||||||||
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
条鳅科 Nemacheilidae | |||||||||||||
达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica# | + | + | |||||||||||
硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera# | + | + | |||||||||||
鲤科 Cyprinidae | |||||||||||||
鲫 Carassius auratus# | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
银鲫 Carassius gibelio# | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||
鲤 Cyprinus carpio# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
双须叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus dipogon*# | + | + | |||||||||||
巨须裂腹鱼 Schizothorax macropogon*# | + | + | |||||||||||
齐口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax prenanti# | + | + | |||||||||||
拉萨裂腹鱼 Schizothorax waltoni*# | + | ||||||||||||
鲴科 Xenocyprididae | |||||||||||||
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | + | + | |||||||||||
鳙 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis | + | + | + | ||||||||||
鲂 Megalobrama skolkovii# | + | + | |||||||||||
丁鱥科 Tincidae | |||||||||||||
丁鱥 Tinca tinca# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
鮈科 Gobionidae | |||||||||||||
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis# | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
雅罗鱼科 Leuciscidae | |||||||||||||
大吻鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii# | + | + | |||||||||||
鲇形目 Siluriformes | |||||||||||||
鲇科 Siluridae | |||||||||||||
鲇 Silurus asotus# | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
大口鲇 Silurus meridionalis# | + | + | |||||||||||
鮰科 Ictaluridae | |||||||||||||
云斑鮰 Ameiurus nebulosus# | + | + | |||||||||||
鲑形目 Salmoniformes | |||||||||||||
鲑科 Salmonidae | |||||||||||||
褐鳟 Salmo trutta# | + | + | |||||||||||
鰕虎鱼目 Gobiiformes | |||||||||||||
沙塘鳢科 Odontobutidae | |||||||||||||
小黄黝鱼 Micropercops swinhonis# | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
葛氏鲈塘鳢 Perccottus glenii | + | ||||||||||||
鰕虎鱼科 Gobiidae | |||||||||||||
波氏吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius cliffordpopei# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
合鳃鱼目 Synbranchiformes | |||||||||||||
合鳃科 Synbranchidae | |||||||||||||
黄鳝 Monopterus albus | + | + | |||||||||||
攀鲈目 Anabantiformes | |||||||||||||
鳢科 Channidae | |||||||||||||
乌鳢 Channa argus# | + | + | |||||||||||
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes | |||||||||||||
胎鳉科 Poeciliidae | |||||||||||||
西部食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis# | + | + | + | ||||||||||
颌针鱼目 Beloniformes | |||||||||||||
异鳉科 Adrianichthyidae | |||||||||||||
青鳉 Oryzias sinensis# | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
合计 Total | 30 | 9 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 25 | 9 |
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