中国南海北部近海鲎资源调查及北部湾潮间带中华鲎幼鲎潜在栖息地评估

doi:10.17520/biods.2022407

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 22407. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022407

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中国南海北部近海鲎资源调查及北部湾潮间带中华鲎幼鲎潜在栖息地评估

鲍虞园¹, 李银康²^,³, 林吴颖⁴, 周志琴⁵, 肖晓波⁶, 颉晓勇²^,³^,^*()

1.广东省海洋发展规划研究中心, 广州 510022
2.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300
3.三亚热带水产研究院, 海南三亚 572019
4.深圳爱栖自然生态科技有限公司, 广东深圳 518000
5.海口畓榃湿地研究所, 海口 570000
6.广西生物多样性研究和保护协会, 南宁 530012

收稿日期:2022-07-16 接受日期:2022-11-10 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-04-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: xyxie@scsfri.ac.cn
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(322MS154);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2021SD16);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2021SD18)

The current situation of horseshoe crabs in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea with analysis of the potential habitat distribution of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus in Beibu Gulf

Yuyuan Bao¹, Yinkang Li²^,³, Wuying Lin⁴, Zhiqin Zhou⁵, Xiaobo Xiao⁶, Xiaoyong Xie²^,³^,^*()

1. Guangdong Ocean Development Planning Research Center, Guangzhou 510022
2. Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment of Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300
3. Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan 572019
4. Shenzhen Aiqi Nature Ecological Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000
5. Haikou Duotan Wetlands Institute, Haikou 570000
6. Guangxi Biodiversity Research and Conservation Association, Nanning 530012

Received:2022-07-16 Accepted:2022-11-10 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-04-20
Contact: * E-mail: xyxie@scsfri.ac.cn
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鲎是珍贵的海洋“活化石”生物, 由于过度捕捞、环境污染和栖息地丧失等原因, 中华鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)数量呈现“断崖式”下降, 鲎资源和栖息地保护迫在眉睫。本研究对中国南海北部近海海域成鲎和北部湾沿岸潮间带幼鲎进行调查, 并基于幼鲎调查结果, 运用MaxEnt模型对北部湾沿岸中华鲎幼鲎潜在栖息地进行预测。2018年和2019年调查结果显示南海北部海域成鲎资源分布稀疏, 两次调查的99个站点中, 仅在15个站点累计发现18只成年中华鲎, 且主要集中在北部湾海域; 潮间带幼鲎调查显示, 2019年10个调查点幼鲎丰度为0.01-0.33 ind./100 m², 2020年14个调查点幼鲎丰度为0.01-0.65 ind./100 m², 其中北部湾海南沿岸海域发现鲎育幼场。根据中华鲎幼鲎潜在栖息地评估结果, 最湿季均温(bio 8)和平均海表温度(mean sea surface temperature, sst)是影响其分布的主要因子。北部湾中国沿岸海域潮间带的幼鲎高适宜区占比达18.39%, 主要为北部湾广西沿岸海域、广东遂溪县沿岸海域和海南新英湾, 这些区域值得重点保护。本研究结果可丰富中华鲎种群本底数据, 为今后鲎资源保护和恢复行动的布局提供科学依据和理论支撑。

关键词: 中华鲎, 北部湾, 资源现状, 最大熵模型, 栖息地

Abstract

Aims: The horseshoe crab population in the areas surrounding China have declined dramatically due to overfishing, environmental pollution, and habitat loss. In 2019, Tachypleus tridentatus was listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered category. However, the current literature on horseshoe crabs within China is inadequate, adversely affecting the conservation of the species. This paper aims to assess the current situation of horseshoe crabs in the offshore waters of the northern South China Sea and determine the potential distribution of the T. tridentatus in the Beibu Gulf.
Methods: In 2018 and 2019, trawl sampling was used in the adult horseshoe crab survey in the northern coastal waters of the South China Sea, with a total of 99 sampling sites. For the investigation of juvenile T. tridentatus population in the intertidal zones, 10 and 14 investigation points were set up in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Using our survey results, a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to analyze the potential habitat of juvenile T. tridentatus along the Beibu Gulf.
Results: In the survey, 18 horseshoe crabs were found at only 15 of the 99 sites. Among them, 9 horseshoe crabs were found at 7 sites in 2018 and 9 at 8 sites in 2019. The abundance of juvenile T. tridentatus in the Beibu Gulf was determined to be 0.01-0.33 ind./100 m²in 2019 and 0.01-0.65 ind./100 m²in 2020. According to the results of the MaxEnt model, 18.39% of the intertidal zone along the Beibu Gulf coast is highly suitable for juvenile horseshoe crabs.
Conclusions: Adult horseshoe crabs in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea are sparsely distributed and mainly concentrated in the Beibu Gulf. Of the areas along the coast of Guangxi in the Beibu Gulf, Suixi County in Guangdong and Xinying Bay in Hainan are the most highly suitable areas for juvenile horseshoe crab. Therefore, we should focus on strengthening the protection of these areas.

Key words: Tachypleus tridentatus, Beibu Gulf, current resource status, maximum entropy model, habitat

鲍虞园, 李银康, 林吴颖, 周志琴, 肖晓波, 颉晓勇 (2023) 中国南海北部近海鲎资源调查及北部湾潮间带中华鲎幼鲎潜在栖息地评估. 生物多样性, 31, 22407. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022407.

Yuyuan Bao, Yinkang Li, Wuying Lin, Zhiqin Zhou, Xiaobo Xiao, Xiaoyong Xie (2023) The current situation of horseshoe crabs in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea with analysis of the potential habitat distribution of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus in Beibu Gulf. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22407. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022407.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022407

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I5/22407

图/表 8

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编号 Number	站位 Survey station	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	平均高潮位 Mean high tide level (m)	平均低潮位 Mean low tide level (m)	参考潮汐站位 The closest tidal station
1	渔洲坪 Yuzhouping	108°22′ E	21°38′ N	3.7	1.15	防城港 Fangchenggang
2	螃蟹档 Pangxiedang	108°49′ E	21°37′ N	3.88	1.37	龙门 Longmen
3	中三墩 Zhongsandun	108°52′ E	21°37′ N	3.88	1.37	龙门 Longmen
4	西背岭 Xibeiling	109°10′ E	21°24′ N	4.0	1.3	北海 Beihai
5	下村 Xiacun	109°12′ E	21°25′ N
6	竹林盐场 Zhulinyanchang	109°16′ E	21°25′ N
7	坡尾底 Poweidi	109°33′ E	21°31′ N	5.05	2.16	铁山港 Tieshangang (石头埠) (Shitoubu)
8	沙田 Shatian	109°39′ E	21°30′ N
9	榕根山 Ronggenshan	109°40′ E	21°29′ N
10	乌坭 Wuni	109°45′ E	21°29′ N
11	草潭 Caotan	109°48′ E	21°21′ N	4.07	1.51	下泊 Xiabo
12	澄迈湾 Chengmaiwan	109°59′ E	19°56′ N	2.46	0.92	马村港 Macungang
13	新盈 Xinying (I)	109°31′ E	19°54′ N	3.15	1.07	新盈 Xinying
14	新英 Xinying (II)	109°16′ E	19°43′ N	3.07	1.05	洋浦 Yangpu

编号 Number	站位 Survey station	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	平均高潮位 Mean high tide level (m)	平均低潮位 Mean low tide level (m)	参考潮汐站位 The closest tidal station
1	渔洲坪 Yuzhouping	108°22′ E	21°38′ N	3.7	1.15	防城港 Fangchenggang
2	螃蟹档 Pangxiedang	108°49′ E	21°37′ N	3.88	1.37	龙门 Longmen
3	中三墩 Zhongsandun	108°52′ E	21°37′ N	3.88	1.37	龙门 Longmen
4	西背岭 Xibeiling	109°10′ E	21°24′ N	4.0	1.3	北海 Beihai
5	下村 Xiacun	109°12′ E	21°25′ N
6	竹林盐场 Zhulinyanchang	109°16′ E	21°25′ N
7	坡尾底 Poweidi	109°33′ E	21°31′ N	5.05	2.16	铁山港 Tieshangang (石头埠) (Shitoubu)
8	沙田 Shatian	109°39′ E	21°30′ N
9	榕根山 Ronggenshan	109°40′ E	21°29′ N
10	乌坭 Wuni	109°45′ E	21°29′ N
11	草潭 Caotan	109°48′ E	21°21′ N	4.07	1.51	下泊 Xiabo
12	澄迈湾 Chengmaiwan	109°59′ E	19°56′ N	2.46	0.92	马村港 Macungang
13	新盈 Xinying (I)	109°31′ E	19°54′ N	3.15	1.07	新盈 Xinying
14	新英 Xinying (II)	109°16′ E	19°43′ N	3.07	1.05	洋浦 Yangpu

环境变量 Environmental variables	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	重要性 Permutation importance (%)
平均海表温度 Mean sea surface temperature (sst)	45.9	10.2
最湿季均温 Mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio 8)	36	21.3
距海岸线欧氏距离 Euclidean distance to the coastline (coastline)	4.4	44.4
最暖月最高温 Max temperature of the warmest month (bio 5)	3.1	3.9
降水季节性变化 Precipitation seasonality (bio 15)	2.8	0.6
年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (bio 1)	2.4	5.2
海底地形高程 Seabed topographic elevation (etopo 1)	2.3	9.4
年平均降水量 Annual precipitation (bio 12)	0.8	0.2
最干月降水量 Precipitation of the driest month (bio 14)	0.7	0.7
平均海表盐度 Mean sea surface salinity (sss)	0.5	2.2
气温季节性变化 Temperature seasonality (bio 4)	0.4	1
等温性 Isothermality (bio 3)	0.4	0.3
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (bio 2)	0.2	0.5

环境变量 Environmental variables	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	重要性 Permutation importance (%)
平均海表温度 Mean sea surface temperature (sst)	45.9	10.2
最湿季均温 Mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio 8)	36	21.3
距海岸线欧氏距离 Euclidean distance to the coastline (coastline)	4.4	44.4
最暖月最高温 Max temperature of the warmest month (bio 5)	3.1	3.9
降水季节性变化 Precipitation seasonality (bio 15)	2.8	0.6
年平均气温 Annual mean temperature (bio 1)	2.4	5.2
海底地形高程 Seabed topographic elevation (etopo 1)	2.3	9.4
年平均降水量 Annual precipitation (bio 12)	0.8	0.2
最干月降水量 Precipitation of the driest month (bio 14)	0.7	0.7
平均海表盐度 Mean sea surface salinity (sss)	0.5	2.2
气温季节性变化 Temperature seasonality (bio 4)	0.4	1
等温性 Isothermality (bio 3)	0.4	0.3
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (bio 2)	0.2	0.5

中国南海北部近海鲎资源调查及北部湾潮间带中华鲎幼鲎潜在栖息地评估

The current situation of horseshoe crabs in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea with analysis of the potential habitat distribution of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus in Beibu Gulf

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