西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区内白颊猕猴的栖息地适宜性评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2024493

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 24493. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024493 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024493

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区内白颊猕猴的栖息地适宜性评价

徐进博¹^,^#, 崔雅倩²^,^#(), 王渊⁴(), 王伟波²^,³(), 刘锋⁴, 王广龙⁴, 扈晶晶⁴, 普布顿珠⁴, 边巴多吉⁴, 旦增⁴, 胡开⁴, 王小川⁴, 宋刚²(), 吕永磊²^,³^,⁴^,^*()(), 温知新²^,^*()()

1.西藏农牧大学资源与环境学院, 西藏林芝 860000
2.中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学重点实验室, 北京 100101
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2024-11-08 接受日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通讯作者: *E-mail: lvyonglei@ioz.ac.cn;wenzx@ioz.ac.cn
作者简介:#共同第一作者
基金资助:
雅鲁藏布江流域典型大中型哺乳动物分布数量、活动规律的动态监测(54000022T000000071200);雅鲁藏布江流域典型大中型哺乳动物分布数量、活动规律的动态监测(54000024210200021038)

Habitat suitability evaluation of Macaca leucogenys in the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

Jinbo Xu¹^,^#, Yaqian Cui²^,^#(), Yuan Wang⁴(), Weibo Wang²^,³(), Feng Liu⁴, Guanglong Wang⁴, Jingjing Hu⁴, Dunzhu Pubu⁴, Duoji Bianba⁴, Zeng Dan⁴, Kai Hu⁴, Xiaochuan Wang⁴, Gang Song²(), Yonglei Lü²^,³^,⁴^,^*()(), Zhixin Wen²^,^*()()

1 College of Resources and Environment, Xizang Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Xizang 860000, China
2 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4 Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute of Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China

Received:2024-11-08 Accepted:2025-02-24 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-29
Contact: *E-mail: lvyonglei@ioz.ac.cn;wenzx@ioz.ac.cn
About author:#Co-first authors
Supported by:
Dynamic Monitoring of Distribution, Quantity and Activity of Typical Large and Medium-sized Mammals in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin(54000022T000000071200);Dynamic Monitoring of Distribution, Quantity and Activity of Typical Large and Medium-sized Mammals in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin(54000024210200021038)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白颊猕猴(Macaca leucogenys)是我国学者于2015年在西藏墨脱地区发现并命名的新哺乳动物物种, 为国家二级重点保护野生动物。白颊猕猴的分布范围有限, 种群数量稀少, 其栖息地适宜性评价方面尚缺乏相关的研究。为了解白颊猕猴的分布格局, 本研究通过红外相机布设与样线调查数据, 结合冠层高度、人类影响指数(human influence index, HII)、归一化植被指数、海拔、坡向、坡度和19个生物气候因子, 使用MaxEnt模型系统分析了白颊猕猴在西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区的栖息地分布现状及影响因素, 并根据未来不同气候变化情景下该区域的生境状况, 预测其栖息地的变化趋势。结果显示: (1)筛选后的影响因素拟合的MaxEnt模型受试者工作特征曲线下的面积为0.924, 表明模型预测结果极为准确; (2)影响白颊猕猴当前分布的关键环境变量为最湿月降水量(bio 13)、人类影响指数、气温年较差(bio 7)、降水季节性(bio 15); (3)当前气候条件下, 白颊猕猴的高适生区大部分集中在西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区的实验区内, 部分高适生区分布于达木核心区。在未来2050s SSP1-2.6气候情景与SSP3-7.0气候情景下, 白颊猕猴的适生区相较于当前气候条件下均有所增加。本研究可为了解白颊猕猴当前及未来的分布情况以及对该珍稀物种实施有效的保护策略提供理论和基础数据支持。

关键词: 白颊猕猴, 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区, MaxEnt模型, 栖息地适宜性评价, 气候变化

Abstract

Aims: The white-cheeked macaque (Macaca leucogenys), a primate species of the genus Macaca, is classified as a Class II National Protected Animal in China. It is a newly discovered mammal species, first identified and named by Chinese scholars in the Medog area in 2015. Due to its limited distribution range and small population size, research on the habitat suitability of Macaca leucogenys remains scarce.

Methods: To understand the distribution patterns of Macaca leucogenys, this study integrated infrared camera surveys and sample line data, with multiple environmental variables, including canopy height, human influence index (HII), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, aspect, slope, and 19 bioclimatic factors. We applied the MaxEnt model to systematically analyze the species’ current habitat distribution and key influencing factors within the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, Xizang. Additionally, we predicted habitat change trends based on the habitat conditions of the region under different future climate scenarios.

Results: (1) The MaxEnt models, fitted with the selected factors, achieved an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.924, indicating a high level of prediction accuracy; (2) the key environmental variables affecting the current distribution of Macaca leucogenys were precipitation of wettest month (bio 13), human influence index (HII), temperature annual range (bio 7) and precipitation seasonality (bio 15); (3) under current climate conditions, the most suitable habitats for Macaca leucogenys are primarily concentrated in the experimental area of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, with some high-suitability areas extending into Damu core area; (4) under future climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0) for the 2050s, the suitable habitat area for Macaca leucogenys is projected to increase compared to the current climate conditions.

Conclusion: This study provides theoretical and foundational data for understanding the current and future distribution of Macaca leucogenys, which is important for designing effective conservation strategies for this endangered species.

Key words: Macaca leucogenys, Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve, MaxEnt model, habitat suitability evaluation, climate change

徐进博, 崔雅倩, 王渊, 王伟波, 刘锋, 王广龙, 扈晶晶, 普布顿珠, 边巴多吉, 旦增, 胡开, 王小川, 宋刚, 吕永磊, 温知新 (2025) 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区内白颊猕猴的栖息地适宜性评价. 生物多样性, 33, 24493. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024493.

Jinbo Xu, Yaqian Cui, Yuan Wang, Weibo Wang, Feng Liu, Guanglong Wang, Jingjing Hu, Dunzhu Pubu, Duoji Bianba, Zeng Dan, Kai Hu, Xiaochuan Wang, Gang Song, Yonglei Lü, Zhixin Wen (2025) Habitat suitability evaluation of Macaca leucogenys in the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24493. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024493.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024493

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I7/24493

图/表 7

图1 雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区白颊猕猴分布点位、红外相机布置点位和调查样线分布

Fig. 1 Distribution points of Macaca leucogenys, installed locations of infrared cameras, and distribution of transect lines in the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

表1 参与建立MaxEnt模型的环境变量

Table 1 The environmental variables used in building MaxEnt model

变量 Variable	描述 Description	单位 Unit
bio 7	气温年较差 Temperature annual range	℃
bio 13	最湿月降水量 Precipitation of wettest month	mm
bio 15	降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality
Altitude	海拔 Altitude	m
Aspect	坡向 Aspect	°
Slope	坡度 Slope	°
HII	人类影响指数 Human influence index	-

图2 不同气候情景下白颊猕猴在西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区适生区面积

Fig. 2 Suitable areas of Macaca leucogenys under different climate scenarios in the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

Fig. 3 Current and future suitable habitats for Macaca leucogenys in the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. (A) Current climate; (B) 2050s SSP1-2.6 scenario; (C) 2050s SSP3-7.0 scenario.

表2 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区不同功能区划内白颊猕猴适生区面积分布

Table 2 Distribution of suitable areas for Macaca leucogenys in different functional divisions of the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

气候情景 Climate scenario	适生区等级 Suitable habitat level	核心区 Core zone (km²)	缓冲区 Buffer zone (km²)	实验区 Experimental zone (km²)
当前气候 Current climate	高适生区 High suitable habitat	24	10	251
	中适生区 Medium suitable habitat	149	75	358
	低适生区 Low suitable habitat	362	105	938
SSP1-2.6	高适生区 High suitable habitat	58	39	276
	中适生区 Medium suitable habitat	161	135	502
	低适生区 Low suitable habitat	447	225	817
SSP3-7.0	高适生区 High suitable habitat	74	54	292
	中适生区 Medium suitable habitat	171	144	427
	低适生区 Low suitable habitat	405	207	934

表3 筛选后环境变量的贡献率与置换重要性

Table 3 The contribution rate and permutation importance of the filtered environmental variables

环境变量 Environmental variables	贡献率 Percent contribution (%)	置换重要性 Permutation importance (%)
最湿月降水量 Precipitation of wettest month (bio 13)	52.4	70.5
人类影响指数 Human influence index (HII)	30.5	14.4
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (bio 7)	8	4.8
降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality (bio 15)	4	6.7
坡向 Aspect	3.8	2.3
坡度 Slope	1.2	0.8
海拔 Altitude	0.1	0.5

图4 白颊猕猴预测分布中主要环境变量的响应曲线

Fig. 4 The response curves of the main environmental variables in the predicted distribution of Macaca leucogenys

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西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区内白颊猕猴的栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat suitability evaluation of Macaca leucogenys in the Xizang Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve

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