上海城市环境中貉的食性分析及家域范围内的栖息地选择

doi:10.17520/biods.2024131

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 24131. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024131 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024131

上海城市环境中貉的食性分析及家域范围内的栖息地选择

李佳琪¹^,^#(), 冯一迪²^,^#(), 王蕾¹, 潘盆艳¹, 刘潇如³(), 李雪阳²^,⁴(), 王怡涵¹^,^*()(), 王放¹^,^*()()

1.复旦大学生命科学学院, 上海 200438
2.山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871
3.南京大学生命科学学院, 南京 210023
4.北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2024-04-05 接受日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-30
通讯作者: *E-mail: 21210700093@m.fudan.edu.cn;wfang@fudan.edu.cn
作者简介:^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32270543);上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”专项(24DZ2307300)

Diet and habitat selection of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Shanghai, a rapidly urbanizing megacity in eastern China

Jiaqi Li¹^,^#(), Yidi Feng²^,^#(), Lei Wang¹, Penyan Pan¹, Xiaoru Liu³(), Xueyang Li²^,⁴(), Yihan Wang¹^,^*()(), Fang Wang¹^,^*()()

1 School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
2 Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871, China
3 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
4 Center for Nature and Society, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2024-04-05 Accepted:2024-07-29 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-08-30
Contact: *E-mail: 21210700093@m.fudan.edu.cn;wfang@fudan.edu.cn
About author:^#Co-first authors
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270543);Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology “Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”(24DZ2307300)

1. 附录.pdf(715KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在城市生态系统中, 部分具有高行为可塑性的物种能够通过快速的行为改变逐渐适应并在人类活动强度高的环境中定殖。研究食肉目物种在取食行为、栖息地选择等方面的行为变化, 有利于理解城市动物对不同环境的利用和适应差异。本研究自2021年5月至2023年12月开展, 以上海地区的貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides)作为研究对象, 在城市化程度指数较高的居民住宅区和城市化程度指数较低的森林公园两类区域取样, 通过基于粪便样本内容物的形态学鉴定比较了食物组成差异, 基于颈圈式兽类追踪器收集的活动数据并构建资源选择函数, 评估了家域内的栖息地选择差异。基于568份粪便样品的分析结果发现, 与森林公园相比, 居民住宅区中分布的貉对人源食物(P < 0.001)和哺乳类(P < 0.01)的摄入显著提高。基于32只貉个体的持续30天以上的追踪获得了36,881个卫星定位位点, 发现森林公园中分布的貉回避建筑(β = -0.222), 而居民住宅区中分布的貉对建筑存在正向选择(β = 0.021)。研究初步揭示了貉在上海城市环境中的食源和栖息地需求, 发现不同景观类型对貉的食物组成和栖息地选择等有重要影响, 反映了貉响应城市环境的行为可塑性, 可以为探究城市野生动物的适应机制、提升保护与管理水平提供参考。

关键词: 城市野生动物, 城市化, 行为可塑性, 食性, 栖息地选择

Abstract

Aims: Species with high behavioral plasticity are able to utilize resources in urban environments, successfully colonizing and adapting to cities. Researching key behavioral changes in carnivorous species, such as foraging behavior and habitat selection, helps our understanding of how species respond to urban environments. This study focused on raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Shanghai with the objective to (1) understand the food composition of raccoon dogs and how raccoon dogs adjust their feeding strategies to respond to urban environments in Shanghai, and (2) evaluate how raccoon dogs change their habitat selection within their home range when colonizing urban environments.

Methods: We sampled from May 2021 to December 2023 in two different urbanized environments of Shanghai: highly urbanized residential environments (residential areas) and semi-natural habitats (forest parks) with lower urbanization. Fecal samples were collected, processed, and analyzed using logistic regression and Chi square tests to measure differences in food components. Wildlife bio-trackers were used to collect raccoon dog activity data, and autocorrelated kernel density estimation was used to approximate their home range. Finally, a resource selection function was developed to evaluate raccoon dog habitat selection within their home ranges.

Results: A total of 568 fecal samples were processed, and logistic regression results showed that raccoon dogs in residential areas ate significantly more human-derived products (P < 0.001) and mammals (P < 0.01) compared with raccoon dogs living in less urbanized forest parks. A total of 32 individuals were collared, and tracked with satellite positioning, and results from a resource selection function revealed that while raccoon dogs in forest parks avoided buildings within their home range (β = -0.222), those in residential areas selected for buildings within their home range (β = 0.021).

Conclusion: This study provides the first assessment of behavioral changes of raccoon dogs in urban environments within Shanghai, including their habitat selection and feeding tendencies, which revealed their behavioral plasticity. Based on these results, we propose adaptive management strategies to reduce human-derived food consumption through community-based urban wildlife conservation planning. Long-term assessment of raccoon dog behavior is needed to further elucidate how raccoon dogs respond to urban environments, and to provide information for ecology-based protection and management of urban wildlife.

Key words: urban animals, urbanization, behavioral plasticity, diets, habitat selection

李佳琪, 冯一迪, 王蕾, 潘盆艳, 刘潇如, 李雪阳, 王怡涵, 王放 (2024) 上海城市环境中貉的食性分析及家域范围内的栖息地选择. 生物多样性, 32, 24131. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024131.

Jiaqi Li, Yidi Feng, Lei Wang, Penyan Pan, Xiaoru Liu, Xueyang Li, Yihan Wang, Fang Wang (2024) Diet and habitat selection of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Shanghai, a rapidly urbanizing megacity in eastern China. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24131. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024131.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024131

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I8/24131

图/表 5

图1 上海市貉追踪与貉粪便采集样点分布图(a)和研究样点土地利用类型主成分分析图(b)。图中数字代表样点编号, 1-10: 居民住宅区样点编号(1: 谷水湾; 2: 御上海; 3: 圣安德鲁斯; 4: 华庭雅居; 5: 大华西郊别墅; 6: 新青浦佳园; 7: 同润山河小城; 8: 米兰诺贵都; 9: 九城湖滨; 10: 佘山高尔夫别墅); 11-12: 森林公园样点编号(11: 辰山植物园; 12: 天马山森林公园)。

Fig. 1 Distribution of Nyctereutes procyonoides tracking and fecal sample collection site in Shanghai (a) and principal component analysis of land use types of study sites (b). Numbers represent the number of the sites and 1-10 represent residential building sites (1, Gushuiwan; 2, Yushanghai; 3, St. Andrews Manor; 4, Huating; 5, Dahua; 6, Xinqingpu; 7, Tongrun; 8, Milan; 9, Jiucheng; 10, Sheshan); 11-12 represent forest park sites (11, Chenshan; 12, Tianma).

图2 上海居民住宅区和森林公园的貉粪便样品各组分出现频率图及逻辑斯蒂回归检验结果

Fig. 2 Frequency and logistic regression results of occurrence of each component of raccoon dog fecal samples in residential buildings and forest parks in Shanghai

图3 上海居民住宅区不同季节貉粪便样品各组分出现频率及多重比较结果。图中仅标注了具有显著性的组别。* P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 3 The frequency and multiple comparisons of each component in fecal samples of raccoon dogs in different seasons in residential areas of Shanghai. Group pairs that had significant difference are marked. * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001.

表1 上海居民住宅区和森林公园貉种群的资源选择函数广义线性混合模型汇总表

Table 1 Summary of generalized linear mixed models of resource selection functions for raccoon dogs in residential areas and forest parks in Shanghai

模型构建 Model formula	与最佳模型的差值 ΔAIC	AIC 权重 AIC weight
居民住宅区 Residential areas
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + forestland + imprevious + (1 \| ID)	0	0.56
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + forestland + building + imprevious + (1 \| ID)	0.487	0.44
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + imprevious + (1 \| ID)	10.572	0
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + building + imprevious + (1 \| ID)	11.302	0
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + forestland + building + (1 \| ID)	25.132	0
森林公园 Forest parks
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + farmland + forestland + grassland + building + imprevious + bareland + (1 \| ID)	0	1.00
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + farmland + forestland + grassland + building + bareland + (1 \| ID)	3.447	0
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + forestland + grassland + bareland + (1 \| ID)	3.462	0
used ~ dis_w + dis_r + forestland + grassland + imprevious + bareland + (1 \| ID)	3.930	0
used ~ dis_r + farmland + forestland + grassland + building + bareland + (1 \| ID)	9.975	0

表2 上海居民住宅区与森林公园的貉资源选择函数的广义线性混合模型

Table 2 Generalized linear mixed model of raccoon dog resource selection function in Shanghai residential areas and forest parks

预测变量 Predictor variable	居民住宅区 Residential areas		森林公园 Forest parks
预测变量 Predictor variable	β系数 β coefficient	标准误 Standard error	β系数 β coefficient	标准误 Standard error
截距 Intercept	-15.304^***	1.907	-1.282	0.056
道路接近程度 Proximity to road	-0.138^***	0.015	-0.117^***	0.012
水源接近程度 Proximity to water	-0.163^***	0.014	-0.047^***	0.013
林地 Forestland	0.095^***	0.023	0.397^***	0.042
草地 Grassland			0.401^***	0.042
建筑 Building	0.021	0.031	-0.185^***	0.050
不透水面 Impervious	-0.203^***	0.034	-0.137^*	0.059
耕地 Farmland			-0.103^*	0.042
裸地 Bareland			1.796^***	0.164

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上海城市环境中貉的食性分析及家域范围内的栖息地选择

Diet and habitat selection of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Shanghai, a rapidly urbanizing megacity in eastern China

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