生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22209. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022209
所属专题: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
阿卜杜赛麦提·买尔迪亚力1,2, 王云2,*(), 陶双成2, 孔亚平2, 王昊1, 吕植1,*()
收稿日期:
2022-04-21
接受日期:
2022-09-05
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-11-21
通讯作者:
王云,吕植
作者简介:
luzhi@pku.edu.cn基金资助:
Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali1,2, Yun Wang2,*(), Shuangcheng Tao2, Yaping Kong2, Hao Wang1, Zhi Lü1,*()
Received:
2022-04-21
Accepted:
2022-09-05
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-11-21
Contact:
Yun Wang,Zhi Lü
摘要:
全球交通基础设施网络的不断扩张导致的栖息地丧失和破碎化已成为生物多样性下降的主要影响因素之一。国外开展了大量的道路对野生动物生存影响的研究, 相对而言, 我国在该领域的研究刚刚起步。本文通过总结截止于2021年国内的144篇案例研究文献以及新浪微博中210条道路交通伤害信息, 将我国道路对野生动物的影响分为栖息地丧失、栖息地破碎化、回避或聚集路边、阻碍或促进迁移、种群隔离、野生动物通道和道路交通伤害等方面, 从研究方法、研究地点、研究物种和研究结果等不同角度进行梳理和总结。近年来, 我国的相关研究呈现不断增长的趋势, 研究地点主要集中在可可西里、长白山和秦岭地区; 研究物种主要为青藏高原有蹄类、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)和亚洲象(Elephas maximus)。未来重点发展方向应包括: (1)道路野生动物基础数据采集平台建设; (2)我国不同动物地理分区的道路野生动物相关研究; (3)深入开展学科交叉与部门合作以及国际交流合作。公众在社交媒体发布的相关信息表明近年来公众对道路交通伤害问题越来越关注, 未来开展基于公民科学收集道路交通伤害数据具有迫切性和可行性。
阿卜杜赛麦提·买尔迪亚力, 王云, 陶双成, 孔亚平, 王昊, 吕植 (2022) 我国道路对野生动物影响研究的现状与挑战. 生物多样性, 30, 22209. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022209.
Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali, Yun Wang, Shuangcheng Tao, Yaping Kong, Hao Wang, Zhi Lü (2022) Research status and challenges of road impacts on wildlife in China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22209. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022209.
图1 道路对野生动物影响的示意图, 红色箭头表示修路前后的变化, 蓝色箭头表示动物的移动路线。A: 道路建设导致栖息地损失, 可容纳动物数量下降; B: 道路成网后导致动物栖息地破碎化; C: 道路干扰动物导致其远离道路一定距离活动; D: 道路干扰动物移动路线, 尽管可穿越道路但局限在特定路段; E: 动物利用人工设置的动物通道穿越公路, 维持两侧栖息地连通; F: 动物横穿道路可能发生道路交通伤害。
Fig. 1 A diagram of the impact of road on wildlife. The red arrows show the changes before and after the road was built, and the blue arrows show the movement of the wildlife. A, Road construction causes habitat loss and decrease of wildlife population; B, The network of road causes habitat fragmentation; C, Road disturbance causes wildlife to keep a distance from the road; D, Road affect migration route of wildlife; E, Wildlife use crossing structures; F, Wildlife cross roads might cause roadkill.
图3 我国道路对野生动物影响研究文章的发表时间统计图。a: 对栖息地的影响; b: 对动物活动的影响; c: 野生动物通道; d: 道路交通伤害。
Fig. 3 Annual distribution of published articles on wildlife and road. a, Impact on habitat; b, Impact on animal behavior; c, Wildlife crossing structures; d, Roadkill.
图4 我国道路对野生动物影响研究文章的研究地点统计(只有1次相关研究的地点的文章数量较多, 图中没有展示)
Fig. 4 Research area distribution of published articles on wildlife and road. The number of research area associated with only one article is large, so they’re not shown in this figure.
图5 我国道路对野生动物影响研究文章的焦点物种统计图(只有1篇文章的焦点物种未列入本图)
Fig. 5 Focal species distribution of published articles on wildlife and road. The number of focal species associated with only one article is large, so they’re not shown in this figure.
图6 利用微博统计野生动物道路交通伤害的数据年月分布热图。大部分记录发生在2019年之后, 并且8月和9月的数量较多。
Fig. 6 The annual and monthly distribution of roadkill records from Sina Microblog data. Most records are after 2019, and in August and September.
图7 利用微博统计野生动物道路交通伤害的动物种类分布图。哺乳类和爬行类记录数量最多, 其次是鸟类, 还有少量昆虫类和两栖类的记录。有7%的记录没有说明物种, 用动物来代替。
Fig. 7 The distribution of taxon of roadkill recorded from Sina Microblog data. Mammals and reptiles have the most records, birds also have some records, insects and amphibians have fewer records. There are 7% records that didn’t point out species and used “animal” to replace them.
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