生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22209.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022209

所属专题: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国道路对野生动物影响研究的现状与挑战

阿卜杜赛麦提·买尔迪亚力1,2, 王云2,*(), 陶双成2, 孔亚平2, 王昊1, 吕植1,*()   

  1. 1.北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871
    2.交通运输部科学研究院, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-21 接受日期:2022-09-05 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 王云,吕植
  • 作者简介:luzhi@pku.edu.cn
    E-mail: wangyun80314@163.com;
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2600104);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(20220604)

Research status and challenges of road impacts on wildlife in China

Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali1,2, Yun Wang2,*(), Shuangcheng Tao2, Yaping Kong2, Hao Wang1, Zhi Lü1,*()   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
    2. China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029
  • Received:2022-04-21 Accepted:2022-09-05 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-11-21
  • Contact: Yun Wang,Zhi Lü

摘要:

全球交通基础设施网络的不断扩张导致的栖息地丧失和破碎化已成为生物多样性下降的主要影响因素之一。国外开展了大量的道路对野生动物生存影响的研究, 相对而言, 我国在该领域的研究刚刚起步。本文通过总结截止于2021年国内的144篇案例研究文献以及新浪微博中210条道路交通伤害信息, 将我国道路对野生动物的影响分为栖息地丧失、栖息地破碎化、回避或聚集路边、阻碍或促进迁移、种群隔离、野生动物通道和道路交通伤害等方面, 从研究方法、研究地点、研究物种和研究结果等不同角度进行梳理和总结。近年来, 我国的相关研究呈现不断增长的趋势, 研究地点主要集中在可可西里、长白山和秦岭地区; 研究物种主要为青藏高原有蹄类、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)和亚洲象(Elephas maximus)。未来重点发展方向应包括: (1)道路野生动物基础数据采集平台建设; (2)我国不同动物地理分区的道路野生动物相关研究; (3)深入开展学科交叉与部门合作以及国际交流合作。公众在社交媒体发布的相关信息表明近年来公众对道路交通伤害问题越来越关注, 未来开展基于公民科学收集道路交通伤害数据具有迫切性和可行性。

关键词: 公路, 交通, 栖息地, 野生动物通道, 道路伤害, 公民科学, 道路生态学

Abstract

Background & Aim: Habitat loss and fragmentation, driven by expansion of global transport infrastructure networks, has become one of the significant factors contributing to the decline of biodiversity. Many studies on the impact of roads on wildlife have been conducted abroad, yet only a modest number of studies have been conducted in China.

Summary: This review summarizes 144 case studies conducted in China by the year 2021 and 210 posts relating to roadkill from Sina Microblog. The impacts of roads on wildlife in China were divided into seven types: habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, avoid or gather at the roadside, hinder or promote migration, population isolation, wildlife crossing structures and roadkill. Recent, relevant studies in China are mainly concentrated in Hoh Xil, Changbai Mountains, and Qinling Mountains. The main species studied are ungulates on Tibetan Plateau, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).

Perspectives: Collecting data on the impacts of roads on wildlife, is critical to inform interdisciplinary and multi-departmental management and conservation solutions of road-wildlife conflicts in China. Social media platforms can be important sources of data on roadkill occurrences.

Key words: highway, transportation, habitat, wildlife crossing structures, roadkill, citizen science, road ecology