生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 22161.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022161

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

粤港澳大湾区城市化进程对区域内鸟类分布及栖息地连通性的影响

张琼悦1, 邓卓迪2, 胡学斌3, 丁志锋1, 肖荣波4, 修晨5, 吴政浩1,6, 汪光7, 韩东晖7, 张语克8, 梁健超1,*(), 胡慧建1,*()   

  1. 1.广东省科学院动物研究所广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
    2.广东海洋大学滨海农业学院, 广东湛江 524088
    3.广州市水生态建设中心, 广州 510055
    4.广东工业大学, 广州 510006
    5.仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院, 广州 510225
    6.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
    7.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广州 510535
    8.自然资源部第三海洋研究所, 福建厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 接受日期:2022-12-16 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 梁健超,胡慧建
  • 作者简介:13922339577@139.com (胡慧建)
    * E-mail: 13760813102@163.com (梁健超);
    第一联系人:

    #共同第一作者

  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515011282);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515110744);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121202004);广东省林业厅-广东动物志项目、分析与研究——鸟类监测项目(202115)

The impact of urbanization on regional bird distribution and habitat connectivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Qiongyue Zhang1, Zhuodi Deng2, Xuebin Hu3, Zhifeng Ding1, Rongbo Xiao4, Chen Xiu5, Zhenghao Wu1,6, Guang Wang7, Donghui Han7, Yuke Zhang8, Jianchao Liang1,*(), Huijian Hu1,*()   

  1. 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260
    2 College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
    3 Guangzhou Water Ecological Construction Center, Guangzhou 510055
    4 Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006
    5 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225
    6 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
    7 South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535
    8 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005
  • Received:2022-10-28 Accepted:2022-12-16 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Jianchao Liang,Huijian Hu
  • About author:First author contact:

    #Co-first authors

摘要:

粤港澳大湾区经济快速发展和城市迅速扩张引起土地利用类型的剧烈转变, 这对当地物种的栖息地、物种分布区乃至区域生物多样性均造成了影响。本研究基于82种鸟类的分布数据和15个环境变量数据, 利用最大熵(maximum entropy, MaxEnt)模型及等效连接面积(the equivalent connected area, ECA)指数分析了粤港澳大湾区鸟类多样性的空间分布格局及连通性。结果表明: 2000-2015年, 大湾区林地、水体、耕地等用地类型分别减少3.22%、0.97%和23.19%, 草地、建设用地、裸地与滩涂用地类型分别增加33.95%、80.34%和453.52%。30种以森林、农田为主要栖息生境的鸟类分布区面积减少, 52种常见的城市鸟类及各类水鸟分布面积增加, 鸟类分布面积与土地利用类型密切相关。此外, 鸟类栖息地连接度表现出与分布区相一致的变化趋势。其中, 对4种分布面积变化最大的鸟类的分析结果显示, 乌鹃(Surniculus lugubris)与栗耳凤鹛(Yuhina castaniceps)分布面积及栖息地连通性随城市化进程(包括土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、水源距离和干扰距离等的变化)而下降, 而牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)与苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)的分布面积及栖息地连通性则随城市化进程而上升。此外栖息地斑块面积的增加也显著提高了栖息地的连通性。因此建议对城市化进程中粤港澳大湾区的生境质量变化进行评估, 根据评估结果构建鸟类生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络, 从而维持大湾区区域生态系统的安全和稳定。

关键词: 连通性, MaxEnt模型, 鸟类分布, 栖息地斑块, 土地利用变化, 粤港澳大湾区

Abstract

Aim: Rapid economic development and urban expansion have caused dramatic changes in land use in Guangdong- Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMGBA), resulting in the urgent need to study their effects on the distributions and habitat connectivity of birds in this area.

Method: Based on 15 environmental variables, we used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the habitats of 82 bird species in GHMGBA in 2000 and 2015, and then analyzed the changes in bird distribution patterns and habitat connectivity under urbanization using an equivalent connected area index (ECA).

Results: From 2000 to 2015, areas of forest, water, and farmland decreased by 3.22%, 0.97%, and 23.19% respectively, while grassland, buildings, and other area types (bare land and mudflat) increased by 33.95%, 80.34%, and 453.52% respectively. The distributions of 30 forest or farmland dwelling species decreased, and the distributions of 52 common urban species and waterbirds increased. The distributions of birds were closely related to the type of land use. In addition, habitat connectivity showed a trend consistent with the distribution area. Analysis results of the four species with the largest changes in distributions showed that: the distributions and habitat connectivity of Surniculus lugubris and Yuhina castaniceps decreased with urbanization (i.e., changes in land use types, vegetation coverages, the distances to water and disturbances etc.); whereas the distributions and habitat connectivity of Bubulcus ibis and Ardea cinerea increased with urbanization. Furthermore, the increased area of habitat patches significantly improved the connectivity of habitats.

Expectation: It is recommended to assess the changes of habitat quality as urban expansion occurs throughout GHMGBA, and to use these assessment results to build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks for birds to maintain the safety and stability of the regional ecosystem.

Key words: connectivity, MaxEnt model, bird distribution, habitat patch, land use change, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area