粤港澳大湾区城市化进程对区域内鸟类分布及栖息地连通性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2022161

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 22161. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022161

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

粤港澳大湾区城市化进程对区域内鸟类分布及栖息地连通性的影响

张琼悦¹, 邓卓迪², 胡学斌³, 丁志锋¹, 肖荣波⁴, 修晨⁵, 吴政浩¹^,⁶, 汪光⁷, 韩东晖⁷, 张语克⁸, 梁健超¹^,^*(), 胡慧建¹^,^*()

1.广东省科学院动物研究所广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
2.广东海洋大学滨海农业学院, 广东湛江 524088
3.广州市水生态建设中心, 广州 510055
4.广东工业大学, 广州 510006
5.仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院, 广州 510225
6.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
7.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广州 510535
8.自然资源部第三海洋研究所, 福建厦门 361005

收稿日期:2022-10-28 接受日期:2022-12-16 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
通讯作者: 梁健超,胡慧建
作者简介:13922339577@139.com (胡慧建)
* E-mail: 13760813102@163.com (梁健超);
第一联系人：
^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515011282);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515110744);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121202004);广东省林业厅-广东动物志项目、分析与研究——鸟类监测项目(202115)

The impact of urbanization on regional bird distribution and habitat connectivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Qiongyue Zhang¹, Zhuodi Deng², Xuebin Hu³, Zhifeng Ding¹, Rongbo Xiao⁴, Chen Xiu⁵, Zhenghao Wu¹^,⁶, Guang Wang⁷, Donghui Han⁷, Yuke Zhang⁸, Jianchao Liang¹^,^*(), Huijian Hu¹^,^*()

1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260
2 College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
3 Guangzhou Water Ecological Construction Center, Guangzhou 510055
4 Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006
5 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225
6 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
7 South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535
8 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005

Received:2022-10-28 Accepted:2022-12-16 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-03-20
Contact: Jianchao Liang,Huijian Hu
About author:First author contact:
^#Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粤港澳大湾区经济快速发展和城市迅速扩张引起土地利用类型的剧烈转变, 这对当地物种的栖息地、物种分布区乃至区域生物多样性均造成了影响。本研究基于82种鸟类的分布数据和15个环境变量数据, 利用最大熵(maximum entropy, MaxEnt)模型及等效连接面积(the equivalent connected area, ECA)指数分析了粤港澳大湾区鸟类多样性的空间分布格局及连通性。结果表明: 2000-2015年, 大湾区林地、水体、耕地等用地类型分别减少3.22%、0.97%和23.19%, 草地、建设用地、裸地与滩涂用地类型分别增加33.95%、80.34%和453.52%。30种以森林、农田为主要栖息生境的鸟类分布区面积减少, 52种常见的城市鸟类及各类水鸟分布面积增加, 鸟类分布面积与土地利用类型密切相关。此外, 鸟类栖息地连接度表现出与分布区相一致的变化趋势。其中, 对4种分布面积变化最大的鸟类的分析结果显示, 乌鹃(Surniculus lugubris)与栗耳凤鹛(Yuhina castaniceps)分布面积及栖息地连通性随城市化进程(包括土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、水源距离和干扰距离等的变化)而下降, 而牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)与苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)的分布面积及栖息地连通性则随城市化进程而上升。此外栖息地斑块面积的增加也显著提高了栖息地的连通性。因此建议对城市化进程中粤港澳大湾区的生境质量变化进行评估, 根据评估结果构建鸟类生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络, 从而维持大湾区区域生态系统的安全和稳定。

关键词: 连通性, MaxEnt模型, 鸟类分布, 栖息地斑块, 土地利用变化, 粤港澳大湾区

Abstract

Aim: Rapid economic development and urban expansion have caused dramatic changes in land use in Guangdong- Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMGBA), resulting in the urgent need to study their effects on the distributions and habitat connectivity of birds in this area.

Method: Based on 15 environmental variables, we used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the habitats of 82 bird species in GHMGBA in 2000 and 2015, and then analyzed the changes in bird distribution patterns and habitat connectivity under urbanization using an equivalent connected area index (ECA).

Results: From 2000 to 2015, areas of forest, water, and farmland decreased by 3.22%, 0.97%, and 23.19% respectively, while grassland, buildings, and other area types (bare land and mudflat) increased by 33.95%, 80.34%, and 453.52% respectively. The distributions of 30 forest or farmland dwelling species decreased, and the distributions of 52 common urban species and waterbirds increased. The distributions of birds were closely related to the type of land use. In addition, habitat connectivity showed a trend consistent with the distribution area. Analysis results of the four species with the largest changes in distributions showed that: the distributions and habitat connectivity of Surniculus lugubris and Yuhina castaniceps decreased with urbanization (i.e., changes in land use types, vegetation coverages, the distances to water and disturbances etc.); whereas the distributions and habitat connectivity of Bubulcus ibis and Ardea cinerea increased with urbanization. Furthermore, the increased area of habitat patches significantly improved the connectivity of habitats.

Expectation: It is recommended to assess the changes of habitat quality as urban expansion occurs throughout GHMGBA, and to use these assessment results to build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks for birds to maintain the safety and stability of the regional ecosystem.

Key words: connectivity, MaxEnt model, bird distribution, habitat patch, land use change, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

张琼悦, 邓卓迪, 胡学斌, 丁志锋, 肖荣波, 修晨, 吴政浩, 汪光, 韩东晖, 张语克, 梁健超, 胡慧建 (2023) 粤港澳大湾区城市化进程对区域内鸟类分布及栖息地连通性的影响. 生物多样性, 31, 22161. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022161.

Qiongyue Zhang, Zhuodi Deng, Xuebin Hu, Zhifeng Ding, Rongbo Xiao, Chen Xiu, Zhenghao Wu, Guang Wang, Donghui Han, Yuke Zhang, Jianchao Liang, Huijian Hu (2023) The impact of urbanization on regional bird distribution and habitat connectivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22161. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022161.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022161

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I3/22161

图/表 8

图1 粤港澳大湾区2015年非城市化环境因子(气候)。a: 年平均气温; b: 气温季节变化; c: 最暖月最高气温; d: 最冷月最低气温; e: 气温年变化; f: 年均降水量; g: 最湿月降水量; h: 最干月降水量; i: 降水量季节变化; j: 海拔; k: 坡度。

Fig. 1 Climate factors in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area during 2015. a, Annual mean temperature, AMT; b, Temperature seasonality, TS; c, Maximum temperature of the warmest month, MTWM; d, Minimum temperature of the coldest month, MTCM; e, Temperature annual range, TAR; f, Annual precipitation, AP; g, Precipitation of the wettest month, PWM; h, Precipitation of the driest month, PDM; i, Precipitation seasonality, PS; j, Elevation, ELEV; k, Slope, SLP.

图2 粤港澳大湾区2000-2015年城市化环境因子变化(土地利用类型、增强型植被指数EVI)

Fig. 2 Changes of urbanization environmental factors (land cover, enhanced vegetation index, EVI) in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2015

图3 粤港澳大湾区2000-2015年城市化环境因子变化(干扰距离、水源距离)

Fig. 3 Changes of urbanization environmental factors (distance to disturbance, distance to water) in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2015

表1 2000-2015年大湾区土地利用类型变化转移矩阵

Table 1 Matrix of the change of land use types in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area between 2000 and 2015

2000年各土地利用类型 Land use types in 2000	2015年各土地利用类型面积 Areas of each land use type in 2015 (km²)
2000年各土地利用类型 Land use types in 2000	草地 Grassland	耕地 Farmland	建设用地 Building	林地 Forest	裸地与滩涂 Bare land and mudflat	水体 Water	合计 Total	变化比例 Change proportion
草地 Grassland	41.78	3.48	10.34	10.54	0.60	2.09	68.82	33.95%
耕地 Farmland	4.28	7,189.09	2,281.25	1,098.99	18.08	1,166.84	11,758.51	-23.19%
建设用地 Building	4.08	193.32	4,029.98	201.58	2.59	61.64	4,493.19	80.34%
林地 Forest	38.37	1,159.69	982.76	30,786.88	235.41	252.75	33,455.86	-3.22%
裸地与滩涂 Bare land and mudflat	0.00	4.18	6.47	34.06	1.89	1.70	48.29	453.52%
水体 Water	3.69	481.67	792.11	246.15	8.74	3,341.68	4,874.04	-0.97%
合计 Total	92.19	9,031.43	8,102.90	32,378.20	267.30	4,826.70	54,698.71

图4 2000-2015年大湾区城市化进程下鸟类栖息地面积变化

Fig. 4 Changes in the area of bird habitats in the process of urbanization of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2015

图5 2000-2015年粤港澳大湾区城市化进程下鸟类(乌鹃、栗耳凤鹛)栖息地核心斑块分布与斑块间最小耗费路径变化

Fig. 5 Distribution changes of the core patches of bird habitat (Surniculus lugubris, Yuhina castaniceps) and the least cost path among them under the process of urbanization in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2015

图6 城市化进程下鸟类栖息地核心斑块与斑块间最小耗费路径变化(牛背鹭、苍鹭)

Fig. 6 Changes in the core patch of bird habitat and the least cost path between the core patches under the process of urbanization (Bubulcus ibis, Ardea cinerea)

表2 2000-2015年大湾区4种代表性鸟类的分布面积与等效连接面积指数变化

Table 2 Changes of distribution area and the equivalent connected area index of the four representative bird species in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2000 to 2015.

物种 Species	分布面积 Distribution area (km²)		栖息地面积变化 The change of habitat area (dA)	等效连接面积 The equivalent connected area (ECA) (km²)		等效连接面积的变化 dECA	等效连接面积变化比值 rECA
物种 Species	2000	2015	栖息地面积变化 The change of habitat area (dA)	2000	2015	等效连接面积的变化 dECA	等效连接面积变化比值 rECA
苍鹭 Ardea cinerea	21.68	33.22	0.53	1,140.81	2,150.92	0.89	1.66
牛背鹭 Bubulcus ibis	47.27	80.05	0.69	3,113.29	5,993.31	0.93	1.33
乌鹃 Surniculus lugubris	41.30	23.75	-0.43	3,506.69	2,152.00	-0.39	0.91
栗耳凤鹛 Yuhina castaniceps	17.65	10.80	-0.39	1,396.05	916.29	-0.34	0.88

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粤港澳大湾区城市化进程对区域内鸟类分布及栖息地连通性的影响

The impact of urbanization on regional bird distribution and habitat connectivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

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