鸟类社会行为中的嗅觉通讯研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2022219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长期以来, 学者普遍认为大多数鸟类的嗅觉能力较弱或丧失。早期实验未能得到统一而清晰的结果, 进一步扩大了这一认知误区。随着研究手段和技术的发展, 解剖学、电生理学、分子生物学和行为生态学等学科提供了鸟类嗅觉存在的证据。目前, 相关研究在鸟类14目33科中发现了嗅觉通讯的证据。与视觉和听觉一样, 这一感觉通路可能在鸟类的觅食、导航、防御、隐蔽、警戒和交流等社会行为中发挥着重要作用。本文着重于嗅觉通讯在鸟类社会行为中的功能, 通过回顾近十年的相关研究, 综述鸟类嗅觉在物种和个体识别、繁殖行为、亲缘识别、配偶选择与竞争等方面发挥的作用。我们也指出: 研究手段的创新将揭示更多鸟类物种在社会行为中对于嗅觉通讯的运用。此外, 当前研究多聚焦于少数物种和单一层面(如生理、生态和环境等), 使用分子生物学、解剖与生理学、行为学和神经生物学手段的整合研究较为缺乏; 而后者更有可能全面地揭示鸟类嗅觉通讯的复杂机理及其在社会行为中发挥的多种功能。

关键词: 嗅觉, 社会行为, 物种识别, 亲缘识别, 配偶选择

Abstract

Background: Historically, it was believed that birds had a weak sense of smell or a lack thereof. Currently, the evidence of avian olfaction has been confirmed in several fields, such as anatomy, electrophysiology, molecular biology, and behavioural ecology. In this paper, we conducted a review of recent research progress on olfactory communication in social behaviours of birds.

Results:Our literature review found evidence of olfactory communication in birds from 14 orders and 33 families. Olfaction may play an important role in functions such as foraging, navigation, defence, crypsis, vigilance, and social interactions. Focusing on the role of olfactory communication in the social behaviors of birds, we presented key results from relevant studies in the last decade and reviewed the potential roles played by avian olfaction in species and individual recognition, breeding behaviors, kin recognition, mate choice, and competition.

Conclusions: Innovations in research methods and integrative approaches are urgently needed. Combining molecular biology, anatomy, physiology, ethology, and neurobiology may comprehensively reveal the complex mechanisms and social functions of avian olfactory communication.

Key words: olfaction, social behaviours, species recognition, kin recognition, mate choice

曾晨, 刘阳 (2022) 鸟类社会行为中的嗅觉通讯研究进展. 生物多样性, 30, 22219. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022219.

Chen Zeng, Yang Liu (2022) Research progress on olfactory communication in the social behaviours of birds. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22219. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022219.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022219

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I11/22219

图/表 2

图1 鸟类科级别的系统进化树。标注为蓝色的部分为目前研究中存在嗅觉通讯相关证据的物种所在的14目33科。建树采用国际鸟盟(BirdLife International)的分类(11,009个物种, 243个科)作为骨架, 绘图在R语言4.1.3中使用程序包ggplot2和ggtree完成。

Fig. 1 The phylogenetic tree for all bird families. Species in 14 orders and 33 families with evidence of olfactory communication in current studies are marked in blue. The tree was built under the taxonomy of BirdLife International (11,009 species in 243 families), and the mapping was done in R 4.1.3 using the packages ggplot2 and ggtree.

图2 鸟类嗅觉通讯的研究框架。通路中的文字和箭头代表嗅觉相关因子及其传递方向(虚线代表未有确切证据的潜在关联); 5个方框代表本文提出的5个层面划分。

Fig. 2 The research framework of olfactory communication in birds. The black text and arrows represent olfactory-related factors and their transmission directions (dashed lines represent potential associations for which there is no conclusive evidence); the five boxes represent the five levels of division proposed in this review.

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