低水位增加灌木多样性和生物量但降低土壤有机碳含量: 以鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2022600

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 22600. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022600

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇

低水位增加灌木多样性和生物量但降低土壤有机碳含量: 以鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为例

吴浩¹^,², 余玉蓉¹^,², 王佳钰¹^,², 赵媛博¹^,², 高娅菲¹^,², 李小玲²^,³, 卜贵军¹^,², 薛丹⁴, 吴林¹^,²^,^*()

1.生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室, 湖北恩施 445000
2.湖北民族大学林学园艺学院, 湖北恩施 445000
3.湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所, 湖北恩施 445000
4.中国科学院成都生物研究所山地生态恢复与生物资源利用院重点实验室, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2022-10-24 接受日期:2023-01-16 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
通讯作者: 吴林
作者简介:* E-mail: wulin2019@yeah.net
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32260303);国家自然科学基金(41867042)

Lower water table increase shrub plant diversity and biomass but decrease soil organic carbon content: A case study of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

Hao Wu¹^,², Yurong Yu¹^,², Jiayu Wang¹^,², Yuanbo Zhao¹^,², Yafei Gao¹^,², Xiaoling Li²^,³, Guijun Bu¹^,², Dan Xue⁴, Lin Wu¹^,²^,^*()

1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Utilization, Enshi, Hubei 445000
2 College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000
3 Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei 445000
4 Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041

Received:2022-10-24 Accepted:2023-01-16 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-03-20
Contact: Lin Wu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地下水位变化对泥炭地的植被组成及多样性具有明显的调控作用, 从而可能会深刻改变泥炭地的储碳潜力。目前, 有关泥炭地植物多样性和土壤有机碳含量对水位波动的响应还存在较大争议, 且有关亚热带贫营养泥炭地地下水位对植物多样性及生物量与土壤有机碳含量影响的研究鲜有报道。本研究选择鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为研究对象, 调查了4个地下水位梯度(-4 cm、-8 cm、-12 cm、-20 cm)下的植被组成、多样性、生物量及土壤有机碳含量, 以探究不同水位梯度对鄂西南贫营养泥炭地植物多样性、生物量及土壤有机碳含量的影响。结果表明: (1)地下水位下降, 土壤含水量、土壤有机碳含量和总酚含量显著降低, 而溶解氧含量显著增加(P < 0.05)。并且, 低水位(-20 cm)处土壤有机碳含量是高水位(-4 cm)处土壤有机碳含量的72%。(2)地下水位显著改变鄂西南贫营养泥炭地物种组成, 随着地下水位下降, 灌木物种数量增加, 且以浅根系的杜鹃花科和蔷薇科植物为主。(3)总体上, 随着地下水位的降低, 灌木多样性呈现显著增加的趋势(P < 0.05), 而草本植物多样性变化不显著。(4)地下水位对植被地上总体生物量影响不显著, 但随地下水位的降低, 灌木生物量极显著增加(P < 0.01)、草本生物量显著增加(P < 0.05), 而苔藓生物量降低。本研究表明, 较高的地下水位是维持鄂西南贫营养泥炭地土壤有机碳含量的关键, 维管植物多样性的提升并不能增加该泥炭地的固碳潜力。

关键词: 泥炭藓湿地, 地下水位, 植物多样性, 生物量, 土壤有机碳

Abstract

Aim: The change of water table level has an obvious causative effect on the vegetation composition and diversity of peatlands, which may profoundly change the carbon sequestration potential of peatlands. However, the exact responses of the diversity of vegetation and soil organic carbon in peatland have to water table fluctuations are still controversial. In addition, there are few reports on the effects of water table level on plant diversity, biomass and soil organic carbon in oligotrophic peatlands in subtropical regions.

Methods: Soil organic carbon content, species diversity and vegetation biomass of different groundwater levels were compared by one-way ANOVA. Significant difference in species diversity and biomass of plant community were analyzed by LSD multiple comparison method (P = 0.05). Linear correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation among water level, oxygen content, Sphagnum moss and shrub biomass.

Results: (1) With a decrease in level of the water table, soil water content, soil organic carbon content and polyphenol content all decreased significantly, while dissolved oxygen increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil organic carbon at the low-water table (-20 cm) was 72% of that at the high-water table (-4 cm). (2) Water table significantly changed the plant species composition of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province. With a decrease in level of the water table, the number of shrub species increased, and the shallow-rooted Ericaceae and Rosaceae were the dominant shrubs. (3) Overall, shrub diversity showed a significant increase with the decrease of water table (P < 0.05), while herbaceous diversity showed no significant change. (4) Water table had no significant effect on the total aboveground biomass of vegetation. However, with the decrease of water table, shrub biomass (P < 0.01) and herbaceous biomass (P < 0.05) significantly increased, while moss biomass decreased.

Conclusion: This study shows that a higher water table is a key factor to maintain soil organic carbon content in oligotrophic peatlands in the Southwestern Hubei Province, and the increase of vascular plant diversity does not increase the carbon sequestration potential of the peatlands.

Key words: Sphagnum peatland, water table, plant diversity, biomass, soil organic carbon

吴浩, 余玉蓉, 王佳钰, 赵媛博, 高娅菲, 李小玲, 卜贵军, 薛丹, 吴林 (2023) 低水位增加灌木多样性和生物量但降低土壤有机碳含量: 以鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为例. 生物多样性, 31, 22600. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022600.

Hao Wu, Yurong Yu, Jiayu Wang, Yuanbo Zhao, Yafei Gao, Xiaoling Li, Guijun Bu, Dan Xue, Lin Wu (2023) Lower water table increase shrub plant diversity and biomass but decrease soil organic carbon content: A case study of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22600. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022600.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022600

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I3/22600

图/表 7

图1 鄂西南贫营养泥炭地地下水位监测点分布图及其地下水位深度(cm)

Fig. 1 Distribution map and depth of water table level (cm) in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

表1 鄂西南不同地下水位梯度下贫营养泥炭地土壤理化性质

Table 1 Soil physicochemical properties under different water table level gradients in a oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

水位 Water table (cm)	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm)	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	总酚 Total phenols (μg/mL)	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (%)
-4	3.97 ± 0.15^a	0.20 ± 0.01^a	83.51 ± 0.79^c	5.27 ± 0.48^a	6.23 ± 0.37^b	33.88 ± 2.17^b
-8	4.18 ± 0.05^a	0.22 ± 0.01^a	81.57 ± 1.22^bc	5.72 ± 0.42^a	6.01 ± 1.38^b	33.20 ± 0.92^b
-12	4.22 ± 0.17^a	0.29 ± 0.03^b	78.10 ± 1.74^ab	7.23 ± 0.18^b	3.99 ± 0.58^ab	23.58 ± 1.12^a
-20	4.40 ± 0.18^a	0.33 ± 0.02^b	74.17 ± 0.87^a	7.13 ± 0.23^b	2.80 ± 0.55^a	24.31 ± 2.36^a

表2 鄂西南不同地下水位梯度下贫营养泥炭地物种数

Table 2 No. of species composition under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

科 Family	水位 Water table				全部Total
科 Family	-4 cm	-8 cm	-12 cm	-20 cm	全部Total
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	1	1	1	4	4
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	1	3	3	3	3
樟科 Lauraceae	-	1	1	-	1
槭树科 Aceraceae	-	1	1	-	1
壳斗科 Fagaceae	-	1	1	1	1
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	-	-	1	-	1
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	1	1	1	1	1
虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	1	-	1	1	1
三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae	-	-	1	-	1
金丝桃科 Hypericaceae	1	-	1	-	1
忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	-	-	2	1	2
柏科 Cupressaceae	-	-	1	-	1
莎草科 Cyperaceae	1	1	1	-	1
碗蕨科 Dennstaedtiaceae	-	-	1	1	1
石松科 Lycopodiaceae	-	-	-	1	1
禾本科 Gramineae	1	1	-	1	2
金星蕨科 Thelypteridaceae	-	1	1	-	1
百合科 Liliaceae	-	-	1	-	1
灯芯草科 Juncaceae	1	-	-	1	1
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	1	-	-	-	1
泥炭藓科 Sphagnaceae	1	1	1	1	1
金发藓科 Polytrichaceae	-	-	1	1	2
合计 Total	10	12	21	17	30

图2 鄂西南贫营养泥炭地不同优势科植物根系分布深度(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同小写字母表示不同科之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Root distribution depth of different dominant families of plants in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different families (P < 0.05).

图3 鄂西南不同地下水位梯度下贫营养泥炭地灌木、草本和苔藓层物种数量(平均值± 标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同植被层不同水位梯度间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Number of species in shrub, herb and moss layers under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different water table level gradients in the same vegetation layer (P < 0.05).

图4 鄂西南不同地下水位梯度下贫营养泥炭地灌木层和草本层物种多样性(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同植被层不同水位梯度间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Species diversity of shrub and herb layers under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different water table level gradients in the same vegetation layer (P < 0.05).

图5 鄂西南不同地下水位梯度下贫营养泥炭地灌木、草本和苔藓层生物量。不同小写字母表示相同植被层不同水位梯度间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Biomass of shrub, herb and moss layers under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different water table level gradients in the same vegetation layer (P < 0.05).

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低水位增加灌木多样性和生物量但降低土壤有机碳含量: 以鄂西南贫营养泥炭地为例

Lower water table increase shrub plant diversity and biomass but decrease soil organic carbon content: A case study of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

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