管控视角下生态空间与生态保护红线关系研究

doi:10.17520/biods.2021441

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 21441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021441

管控视角下生态空间与生态保护红线关系研究

张书杰¹, 庄优波¹^,²^,^*()

1.清华大学建筑学院, 北京 100084
2.清华大学国家公园研究院, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2021-11-03 接受日期:2022-04-18 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-04-29
通讯作者: 庄优波
作者简介:*E-mail: zhuangyoubo@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目(18BGL178)

Relationship between ecological space and ecological conservation redline from the perspective of management requirements

Shujie Zhang¹, Youbo Zhuang¹^,²^,^*()

1 School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
2 Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084

Received:2021-11-03 Accepted:2022-04-18 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-04-29
Contact: Youbo Zhuang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国土空间规划背景下, 生态保护红线是在生态空间的现有基础上提出管控要求, 但其与各类生态空间的管控要求之间是否兼容以及如何协调, 仍需要梳理。本研究首先将生态空间划分为自然和管理两大属性和宏观、中观和微观三个层次进行类型体系梳理; 然后, 基于管控视角, 从管理目标、管控内容与管控强度三方面着重探讨13类生态空间与生态保护红线的差异。在管控目标方面, 两者的支持与调节目标兼容度较高, 供给与文化目标定位差异较大; 在管控内容方面, 差异主要表现在培育修复类和人工利用类; 在管控强度方面, 生态保护红线两级管控强度和生态空间三级管控强度不完全匹配。建议以“两大属性三个层次”系统完善生态空间类型体系, 从管理目标、管控内容与管控强度三方面进行生态空间管控要求体系化构建; 进一步完善生态保护红线管控内容和管控强度, 使其与对应的各类生态空间管控要求更好地协调。

关键词: 国土空间规划, 生态空间, 生态保护红线, 自然保护地, 管理目标, 管控内容, 管控强度

Abstract

Background and Aims: In the context of territorial spatial planning, the ecological conservation redline is the management requirements on ecological space. However, whether the requirements of the ecological conservation redline are compatible with that of various ecological spaces, and how to coordinate them, still require further study.

Methods: This study constructed a classification system of the ecological space with “two attributes and three levels”, which are natural and managerial attributes, and macro, meso, and micro levels. From the management requirements perspective, the research focuses on the relationship analysis between 13 types of ecological space and the ecological conservation redline around the three aspects of management objectives, management content, and management intensity.

Results: In terms of management objectives, supporting objectives and regulating objectives are highly compatible, while provisioning objectives and cultural objectives are quite different. In terms of management content, the differences are mainly in the nurture restoration and artificial utilization. In terms of management intensity, the two-level system of the ecological conservation redline and the three-level system of ecological space do not completely match.

Recommendation: It is recommended to improve the ecological space classification with a system of “two attributes and three levels”. The management requirements of ecological space should be systematically constructed from three aspects: management objective, management content and management intensity. The management content and intensity of the ecological conservation redline should be further improved to better coordinate with the various ecological spaces.

Key words: territorial spatial planning, ecological space, ecological conservation redline, protected area, management objective, management content, management intensity

张书杰, 庄优波 (2022) 管控视角下生态空间与生态保护红线关系研究. 生物多样性, 30, 21441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021441.

Shujie Zhang, Youbo Zhuang (2022) Relationship between ecological space and ecological conservation redline from the perspective of management requirements. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021441.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021441

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I4/21441

图/表 4

图1 生态空间外延类型体系构建(两大属性三个层次)及对应的生态空间类型。为阐述简便, 本文中的风景名胜区统指自然类和自然人文综合类。除图中列出的生态空间类型外, 还有学者讨论了重要生态功能区(洪水调蓄区①、重要水源涵养区、重要渔业水域、清水通道维护区) (王玉华, 2008)、生态廊道(郑好等, 2019)的相关划定与管理方法, 由于这些生态空间目前尚无统一的政策、管理机构和管理规范, 本研究暂不纳入讨论。

Fig. 1 Construction of classification system of ecological space. For simplicity, the scenic area refers to natural type, and natural and cultural mixed type in this study. In addition to the types of ecological space in the figure, the key ecological function areas (flood regulation area, drinking water storage and purification, key fishery area, and channels sustaining area) (Wang, 2008) and ecological corridors (Zheng et al, 2019) had been discussed. Due to the lack of unified policies, management institutions and management norms for these types of ecological space, they are not included in this study.①(①周婷婷 (2016) 典型洪水调蓄区生态保护红线及其生态服务辐射效应研究. 硕士学位论文, 内蒙古大学, 呼和浩特.)

表1 13类生态空间管理目标、管控内容和管控强度分析

Table 1 The analysis of management objectives, content and intensity of 13 types of ecological space

表2 生态保护红线管理目标、管控内容和管控强度分析

Table 2 Analysis of management objectives, management content and management intensity of ecological conservation redline

图2 生态保护红线与13类生态空间管理目标(A)、管控内容(B)、管控强度(C)量化差异。管理目标(A): 数值为正值代表生态空间管理目标级别高于生态保护红线; 数值为负值代表生态空间管理目标级别低于生态保护红线; 数值绝对值大小代表差异程度, 主要目标与附加目标差1分, 附加目标与兼容目标差1分, 以此类推; 未出现目标代表生态空间管理目标与生态保护红线管理目标级别一致, 详见附录2。管控内容(B): 数值为正值代表生态空间规定而生态保护红线未规定的管控内容, 数值为负值代表生态空间未规定而生态保护红线规定的管控内容, 未出现部分代表生态空间与生态保护红线该项管控内容一致, 详见附录3。管控强度(C): 数值为正值代表生态空间管控强度高于生态保护红线, 数值为负值代表生态空间管控强度低于生态保护红线, 数值绝对值越大代表差异程度越大, 未出现部分代表生态空间与生态保护红线该项管控强度一致, 详见附录3。

Fig. 2 Quantitative analysis on the differences of management objectives (A), management content (B), management intensity (C) between and 13 types of ecological space ecological conservation redline. Management objectives (A): A positive value means that the management target level of the ecological space is higher than the ecological conservation redline; a negative value means lower; the absolute value represents the degree of difference, the difference between the main target and the additional target is 1 point, the difference between the additional target and the compatible target is 1 point, and so on; if no target appears, it means that the management target level is consistent with the ecological space and the ecological conservation redline. Details are in Appendix 2. Management content (B): A positive value represents the management content that is specified in the ecological space but not specified in the ecological conservation redline; a negative value represents the management content that is not specified in the ecological space but specified in the ecological conservation redline; the part that does not appear represents that the management content of the ecological space is consistent with the ecological conservation redline. Details are in Appendix 3. Management intensity (C): A positive value means that the management intensity of ecological space is higher than the ecological conservation redline; a negative value means lower; the greater the absolute value, the greater the degree of difference. The part that does not appear represents that the management intensity of the ecological space is consistent with the ecological conservation redline. Details are in Appendix 3.

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管控视角下生态空间与生态保护红线关系研究

Relationship between ecological space and ecological conservation redline from the perspective of management requirements

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