全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况

doi:10.17520/biods.2024423

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24423. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024423 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024423

• 研究报告:生物安全与自然保护 • 上一篇下一篇

全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况

郭雨桐¹, 李素萃², 王智³, 解焱⁴, 杨雪⁵, 周广金², 尤春赫⁵, 朱萨宁², 高吉喜²^,^*()

1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
2.生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094
3.生态环境部南京环境科学研究院, 南京 210042
4.中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
5.北京林业大学, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-09-21 接受日期:2024-12-27 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-02-27
通讯作者: *E-mail: gjx@nies.org
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3901102)

Coverage and distribution of national key protected wild species in China’s nature reserves

Guo Yutong¹, Li Sucui², Wang Zhi³, Xie Yan⁴, Yang Xue⁵, Zhou Guangjin², You Chunhe⁵, Zhu Saning², Gao Jixi²^,^*()

1 Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2 Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China
3 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
4 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
5 Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-09-21 Accepted:2024-12-27 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-02-27
Contact: *E-mail: gjx@nies.org
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3901102)

1. 附录.zip(2159KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然保护地是最重要的野生动植物保护场所, 因此它们对物种的保护覆盖度一直是关注的重点。本文利用GBIF数据、文献数据以及自然保护地科考数据, 以《国家重点保护野生动物名录(2021年版)》、《国家重点保护野生植物名录(2021年版)》为依据, 分析了全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的保护覆盖度及分布状况。研究结果表明, 我国自然保护地保护了78.12%的国家重点保护野生动植物。其中, 重点保护野生动物覆盖率为85.58%, 重点保护野生植物覆盖率为71.95%; 自然保护地内国家重点保护野生物种的密度空间分布并不均匀, 呈现自西南向东北降低的趋势; 在科水平上, 兰科植物保护率最高, 其次为豆科、石松科、松科等; 从省域分布来看, 云南、四川、广东等省份自然保护地内国家重点保护野生动植物的保护物种数最高。总体而言, 我国绝大部分重要保护野生物种已在自然保护地内得到了保护, 自然保护地对我国生物多样性保护及《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》履行发挥了重要作用。

关键词: 自然保护地, 国家重点保护野生动植物, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 生物多样性, 保护覆盖度

Abstract

Aims: Nature reserves are essential venues for the conservation of wild flora and fauna, and the coverage of species protection by nature reserves has always been a focal point.
Methods: This study utilized GBIF data, literature sources, and scientific research data from nature reserves, drawing on the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals (2021 Edition) and the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (2021 Edition), to analyze the coverage and distribution of national key protected wild species within nature reserves in China.
Results: The results indicate that 78.12% of the national key protected wild species are conserved within nature reserves. Specifically, the coverage for key protected wild animals is found to reach 85.58%, while for key protected wild plants, it is 71.95%. The spatial density distribution of wild species within nature reserves is uneven, displaying a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. At the family level, the highest protection coverage is observed for Orchidaceae, followed by Fabaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Pinaceae. In terms of provincial distribution, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guangdong have the highest number of national key protected wild species.
Conclusion: Overall, the majority of national key protected wild species are effectively conserved within nature reserves, and nature reserves play an important role in protecting biodiversity in China and fulfilling the commitments under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Key words: nature reserves, national key protected wild species, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, biodiversity, conservation coverage

郭雨桐, 李素萃, 王智, 解焱, 杨雪, 周广金, 尤春赫, 朱萨宁, 高吉喜 (2025) 全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况. 生物多样性, 33, 24423. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024423.

Guo Yutong, Li Sucui, Wang Zhi, Xie Yan, Yang Xue, Zhou Guangjin, You Chunhe, Zhu Saning, Gao Jixi (2025) Coverage and distribution of national key protected wild species in China’s nature reserves. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24423. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024423.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024423

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I3/24423

图/表 5

图1 全国自然保护地对重点保护野生植物(a)和动物(b)物种保护覆盖度

Fig. 1 Protection coverage of China’s nature reserves for key protected wild plants (a) and animals (b) species

表1 全国自然保护地内国家重点保护野生濒危植物、动物物种数量及相对保护率

Table 1 The number and relative protected rate of national key protected endangered plant species in nature reserves in China

	植物 Plants		动物 Animals
	物种数 Number of species	相对保护率 Relative protection rate (%)	物种数 Number of species	相对保护率 Relative protection rate (%)
极危 CR	51	39.23	69	76.66
濒危 EN	115	48.11	81	86.17
易危 VU	154	63.63	112	90.32
特有种 Endemic species	193	48.86	94	85.45
总物种数 Total number of species	549	71.95	540	85.58

图2 全国自然保护地内重点保护植物科比例

Fig. 2 Family proportion of key protected plant in China’s nature reserves

图3 全国自然保护地内国家重点保护野生植物(a)和动物(b)物种密度分布图。本图未包括台湾省和香港、澳门特别行政区数据。

Fig. 3 Density distribution map of national key protected wild plants (a) and animals (b) in China’s nature reserves. Data for Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions are not included in the figure.

图4 全国自然保护地内国家重点保护野生动植物省级分布图。本图未包括台湾省和香港、澳门特别行政区数据。

Fig. 4 Provincial distribution of national key protected wildlife in nature reserves. Data for Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions are not included in the figure.

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全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况

Coverage and distribution of national key protected wild species in China’s nature reserves

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