生物多样性与传染性疾病的关系: 进展、挑战与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2020218

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1376-1390. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020218

生物多样性与传染性疾病的关系: 进展、挑战与展望

刘向¹, 陈立范², 周淑荣³^,^*()

1 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/生态学创新研究院, 兰州 730000
2 上海健康医学院文理教学部, 上海 201318
3 海南大学林学院, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2020-05-26 接受日期:2020-08-17 出版日期:2020-11-20 发布日期:2020-09-13
通讯作者: 周淑荣
作者简介:* E-mail: zhshrong@hainanu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31830009);国家自然科学基金(31770518);国家自然科学基金(31700466);国家自然科学基金(32001116);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设经费-科研启动费(561119211);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费学科交叉研究项目(lzujbky-2020-cd01);海南大学科研基金(RZ2000009932)

The relationship between biodiversity and infectious disease: Progress, challenge and perspective

Xiang Liu¹, Lifan Chen², Shurong Zhou³^,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem/Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
2 School of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318
3 School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228

Received:2020-05-26 Accepted:2020-08-17 Online:2020-11-20 Published:2020-09-13
Contact: Shurong Zhou

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球生物多样性快速丧失的背景下, 理解生物多样性如何影响传染性疾病风险具有重要意义。大量研究表明, 宿主多样性对传染性疾病可能存在稀释效应(即疾病风险随宿主生物多样性的增加而降低), 但是也有放大效应或者没有影响的证据。本文首先介绍了关于生物多样性与传染性疾病关系的研究进展, 以及该领域的热点研究问题, 包括宿主多样性-疾病关系的格局和空间依赖性、稀释效应的体系依赖性和系统发育稀释效应等。随后,介绍了相关研究伴随的争议和批判, 主要集中在: 稀释效应发生的普遍性、生物多样性-疾病关系实验研究的发表偏好性以及部分疾病生态学家对生物多样性和传染性疾病之间简单数字关系的过分关注。最后指出稀释效应与物种共存、全球变化对稀释效应的影响、进化与稀释效应、稀释效应在政策制定中的应用等领域可能是今后的主要研究方向。

关键词: 疾病生态学, 生态系统服务, 放大效应, 病原体, 宿主, 稀释效应

Abstract

Current unprecedented declines in biodiversity have galvanized efforts to understand how changes in biodiversity affect disease risk. Empirical evidence is mixed in understanding the relationship between loss in biodiversity and disease. While some empirical research supports a dilution effect (i.e., disease risk decreases with increasing host biodiversity), many studies support an amplification effect, and in some cases no effect. In this review, we first summarize the research progresses in this area, and introduce key research topics that include: the shape of the biodiversity-disease relationship, spatial- and context dependence of dilution effect, and the phylogenetic dilution effect. Following our summary, we discuss the disputes and criticisms in this field of research. These controversies include: whether the dilution effect is prevalent, publication bias in experimental studies, and an excessive focus by some disease ecologists on the numeric relationship between biodiversity and disease. Finally, we highlight some open questions for future research looking at dilution effect that include: the relationship between dilution effect and species coexistence, the effects of global climate change on dilution effect, the relationship between dilution effect and evolution, and the implications this research can have on policy decisions.

Key words: disease ecology, ecosystem service, amplification effect, pathogen, host, dilution effect

刘向, 陈立范, 周淑荣 (2020) 生物多样性与传染性疾病的关系: 进展、挑战与展望. 生物多样性, 28, 1376-1390. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020218.

Xiang Liu, Lifan Chen, Shurong Zhou (2020) The relationship between biodiversity and infectious disease: Progress, challenge and perspective. Biodiversity Science, 28, 1376-1390. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020218.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020218

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I11/1376

图/表 2

图1 图示叠加式(a)和替代式(b)宿主群落构建。○、□、△分别代表3种宿主物种。

Fig. 1 A graphic representation of additive (a) and substitutive (b) host community assembly. ○, □, and △ represent each of the three host species.

图2 宿主多样性与病原体多度之间可能存在的三种关系。 (a)单调的渐近线(放大效应); (b)非单调的右偏峰(更容易观察到稀释效应); (c)非单调的左偏峰(更容易观察到放大效应) (获Fletcher W. Halliday许可后, 在知识共享(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)协议下, 修改自Halliday & Rohr, 2019)。

Fig. 2 Three hypothetical relationships between host diversity and pathogen abundance. (a) Monotonic asymptotic line (amplification effect); (b) Non-monotonic right-skewed line (mainly dilution effect); (c) Non-monotonic left-skewed line (mainly amplification effect) (Modified from Halliday & Rohr, 2019 under Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), after Fletcher W. Halliday’s permission).

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生物多样性与传染性疾病的关系: 进展、挑战与展望

The relationship between biodiversity and infectious disease: Progress, challenge and perspective

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