保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图: 以三江源地区为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2021225

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 21225. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021225

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图: 以三江源地区为例

胡官正¹, 曾维华¹^,²^,^*(), 马冰然¹

1.北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875
2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810001

收稿日期:2021-06-01 接受日期:2021-09-30 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 曾维华
作者简介:*E-mail: zengwh@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中科院-青海省政府联合专项(LHZX-2020-01-04);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0506403)

Roadmap for coordinated development of economic construction and ecological protection in protected areas: Take Sanjiangyuan area as an example

Guanzheng Hu¹, Weihua Zeng¹^,²^,^*(), Bingran Ma¹

1 School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
2 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001

Received:2021-06-01 Accepted:2021-09-30 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: Weihua Zeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对我国在开展保护地系统规划过程中, 缺乏基于生态系统服务协同权衡关系量化研究的保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图绘制方法, 无法科学合理地规划其区域协同发展措施的时序安排等问题。本研究选取具有代表性的生态系统服务, 识别其协同权衡度量化经济建设与生态保护的协同权衡关系及致因, 据此提出近期、中期、远期各阶段发展目标, 进一步围绕发展目标分阶段从规模结构、工程技术、政策制度等方面提出协同发展措施, 设计协同发展路线图。三江源地区案例研究结果表明, 其经济与生态间仍处于权衡状态, 主要原因是人类对自然资源的索取速率超过了资源的更新速率, 将近期(十四五时期)、中期(2026-2030年)、远期(2031-2035年)的发展目标分别设定为总体布局规划、解决实践问题、帮扶落后地区, 提出包括社会经济发展结构规模优化调整、国家公园范围与分区动态优化、提高草地动物承载力、降低草地系统利用强度、综合生态补偿机制、可持续替代生计、完善基础设施建设和提升公共服务水平等的协同发展措施, 并绘制协同发展路线图, 为三江源国家公园规划提供了科学依据。

关键词: 路线图, 保护地, 生态系统服务, 经济建设, 生态保护

Abstract

Background There is an urgent need for a measure system to guide the coordinated development of economic construction and ecological protection in the protected area, but most of the relevant planning schemes lack the research on the trade-off relationship between economy and ecology, and the application of roadmap design.

Methods Representative ecosystem services were selected to quantify the situation of economic construction and ecological protection, relationship between economy and ecology was identified through collaborative trade-off analysis, development objectives of each stage were pointed out, collaborative development measures were put forward from the aspects of scale structure, engineering technology, policies and regulations, and then a collaborative development roadmap was designed.

Results & Conclusion The case study results of Sanjiangyuan area showed that its economy and ecology were still in a trade-off state because the rate of human demand for natural resources exceeds the rate of resource renewal. Therefore, the development objectives in the early phase (14th Five Year Plan period), the mid-term (2026-2030) and the long-term (2031-2035) were overall layout planning, solving practical problems and helping the backward, the coordinated development measures were put forward, including optimizing and adjusting the scale of social and economic development structure, optimizing the scope and zoning of national parks, improving the carrying capacity and reducing the utilization intensity of grassland, comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism, sustainable alternative livelihood, improving infrastructure construction and the level of public services, and the roadmap was drawn. Thus, support for the planning of Sanjiangyuan National Park was provided.

Key words: roadmap, protected area, ecosystem service, economic construction, ecological protection

胡官正, 曾维华, 马冰然 (2022) 保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图: 以三江源地区为例. 生物多样性, 30, 21225. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021225.

Guanzheng Hu, Weihua Zeng, Bingran Ma (2022) Roadmap for coordinated development of economic construction and ecological protection in protected areas: Take Sanjiangyuan area as an example. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21225. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021225.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021225

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I2/21225

图/表 5

图1 时序安排决策树。菱形代表决策过程; 圆框长方形代表决策结果。

Fig. 1 Decision tree for scheduling. The diamond represents the decision-making process, and the round frame rectangle represents the result of the decision.

图2 三江源地区土地利用类型空间分布(A)及占比(B)

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution (A) and proportion (B) of land use types in Sanjiangyuan area

图3 基于InVEST模型的三江源区历年碳总量、产水量和生境质量模拟

Fig. 3 Simulation of ecosystem services in Sanjiangyuan area based on InVEST

表1 三江源地区生态系统服务协同权衡度矩阵(“+”为协同, “-”为权衡)

Table 1 Collaborative trade-off matrix of ecosystem services in Sanjiangyuan area (“+” means coordination and “-” means trade off)

生态系统服务 Ecosystem services	碳总量 Total carbon	生境质量 Habitat quality	产水量 Water yield	GDP变化率 GDP change rate
碳总量 Total carbon	+1.00	+4.99 × 10³	-28.55	-1.24 × 10^-3
生境质量 Habitat quality	+2.00 × 10^-4	+1.00	-7.71 × 10^-4	-1.00 × 10^-8
产水量 Water yield	-3.50 × 10^-2	-1.30 × 10³	+1.00	+9.26 × 10^-6
GDP变化率 GDP change rate	-8.08 × 10²	-1.48 × 10⁸	+1.08 × 10⁵	+1.00

图4 三江源地区经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图

Fig. 4 Roadmap for coordinated development of economic construction and ecological protection in Sanjiangyuan area

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保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图: 以三江源地区为例

Roadmap for coordinated development of economic construction and ecological protection in protected areas: Take Sanjiangyuan area as an example

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