“自然对人类的贡献”的实现、发展趋势和启示

doi:10.17520/biods.2021549

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台(IPBES)的目标是加强科学政策对生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响。为了更好地理解和展示IPBES目标的基本要素及其相互关系, 在千年生态系统评估(MA)的基础上, IPBES融合多种知识体系, 不断完善、创新, 逐步形成了以“自然对人类的贡献” (NCP)为核心的概念框架。本文首先梳理了NCP的发展历程, 论述了NCP与生态系统服务的关系, 指出两者均关注人类福祉, 但与生态系统服务不同的是, NCP涵盖了自然对人类生活的消极影响, 强调社会文化因素、传统知识和土著居民的地位以及人与自然共同作用的重要性。其次, 本文阐述了人与自然共同实现NCP进而影响人类良好生活质量的机制, 并分析了NCP大幅下降的全球趋势, 提出世界各国应不断推动生物多样性保护主流化, 增加国际交流与合作, 致力实现“人与自然和谐共生”的2050年愿景。最后, 本文讨论了NCP在IPBES评估和《生物多样性公约》磋商谈判中的应用前景, 为今后NCP理论研究和实践提供科学支持。

关键词: 生物多样性, 生态系统服务, 自然对人类的贡献, 生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台

Abstract

Background: As an independent intergovernmental mechanism, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) aims to strengthen the impact of science policies on biodiversity and ecosystem services. In order to better understand and demonstrate the basic elements of IPBES’s goals and their interrelationships, based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), IPBES has integrated multiple knowledge systems, and gradually formed a conceptual framework centered on “Nature’s contributions to people” (NCP).

Analysis: First, this paper introduced what NCP is and its relationship with ecosystem service (ES). NCP refers to all positive contributions and negative impacts that humanity obtains from nature, covering regulating contributions, material contributions, and non-material contributions. The classification of NCP is developed on the basis of ES under the MA framework, so both focus on human well-being. However, in contrast to ES, NCP presents nature’s negative impact to people, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors, traditional knowledge and the status of indigenous people. Second, this paper described the mechanism by which people and nature jointly realize NCP, that is, nature provides potential NCP, then potential NCP combines with human input to generate realized NCP, and outputs impact human good quality of life. Third, this paper analyzed the global status and trends of NCPs, the results of IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services showed 14 out of 18 categories of NCPs on a declining trend.

Discussion: This paper compared NCP and ES, which will provide new research vision for domestic ecosystem service research scholars, considering integrating the elements of NCP and ES to better reflect the soul of biodiversity. Since from the concept of NCP was proposed, it has been widely used in IPBES assessments and CBD negotiations. NCP has been accepted by all parties, probably because it also represents the sound of developing countries and stakeholders to some extent. Considering the trends of sharp decline for NCPs, it is proposed to achieve transformative change in economic, social, political and technical fields, and promote the mainstreaming of biodiversity continuously, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, and strive to achieve the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity “Living in harmony with nature”.

Key words: biodiversity, ecosystem services, NCP, IPBES

吴杨, 田瑜, 戴逢斌, 李子圆 (2022) “自然对人类的贡献”的实现、发展趋势和启示. 生物多样性, 30, 21549. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021549.

Yang Wu, Yu Tian, Fengbin Dai, Ziyuan Li (2022) Realization, development trend and enlightenment of Nature’s contributions to people. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21549. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021549.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021549

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I5/21549

图/表 3

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类别 Categories	序号 Number	子类别 Subcategories
调节贡献 Regulating NCP	1	生境形成和维持 Habitat creation and maintenance
	2	种子和其他繁殖体的传粉和传播 Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules
	3	空气质量调节 Regulation of air quality
	4	气候调节 Regulation of climate
	5	海洋酸化调节 Regulation of ocean acidification
	6	淡水水量、水位和流速调节 Regulation of freshwater quantity, location and timing
	7	淡水和沿海水质调节 Regulation of freshwater and coastal water quality
	8	土壤和沉淀物的形成、保护和去污 Formation, protection and decontamination of soils and sediments
	9	各种危害和极端事件调节 Regulation of hazards and extreme events
	10	有害生物和生物过程调节 Regulation of detrimental organisms and biological processes
物质贡献 Material NCP	11	能源 Energy
	12	粮食和饲料 Food and feed
	13	物质和辅助 Materials and assistance
	14	医学、生物化学和遗传资源 Medicinal, biochemical and genetic resources
非物质贡献 Non-material NCP	15	学习和启发 Learning and inspiration
	16	身心体验 Physical and psychological experiences
	17	支持身份认同 Supporting identities
	18	保持各种选择 Maintenance of options

类别 Categories	序号 Number	子类别 Subcategories
调节贡献 Regulating NCP	1	生境形成和维持 Habitat creation and maintenance
	2	种子和其他繁殖体的传粉和传播 Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules
	3	空气质量调节 Regulation of air quality
	4	气候调节 Regulation of climate
	5	海洋酸化调节 Regulation of ocean acidification
	6	淡水水量、水位和流速调节 Regulation of freshwater quantity, location and timing
	7	淡水和沿海水质调节 Regulation of freshwater and coastal water quality
	8	土壤和沉淀物的形成、保护和去污 Formation, protection and decontamination of soils and sediments
	9	各种危害和极端事件调节 Regulation of hazards and extreme events
	10	有害生物和生物过程调节 Regulation of detrimental organisms and biological processes
物质贡献 Material NCP	11	能源 Energy
	12	粮食和饲料 Food and feed
	13	物质和辅助 Materials and assistance
	14	医学、生物化学和遗传资源 Medicinal, biochemical and genetic resources
非物质贡献 Non-material NCP	15	学习和启发 Learning and inspiration
	16	身心体验 Physical and psychological experiences
	17	支持身份认同 Supporting identities
	18	保持各种选择 Maintenance of options