生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 294-303. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016252
所属专题: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
梁健超1, 丁志锋1, 张春兰1, 胡慧建1,*(), 朵海瑞2,*(
), 唐虹3
收稿日期:
2016-09-07
接受日期:
2017-01-26
出版日期:
2017-03-20
发布日期:
2017-04-07
通讯作者:
胡慧建,朵海瑞
基金资助:
Jianchao Liang1, Zhifeng Ding1, Chunlan Zhang1, Huijian Hu1,*(), Hairui Duo2,*(
), Hong Tang3
Received:
2016-09-07
Accepted:
2017-01-26
Online:
2017-03-20
Published:
2017-04-07
Contact:
Hu Huijian,Duo Hairui
摘要:
生物多样性分布格局与热点区域的评估与确定是生物多样性保护规划的基础。三江源地区位于青藏高原腹地的长江、黄河、澜沧江源头汇水区, 是世界上高原物种最丰富、最集中的区域之一。本文在对三江源国家级自然保护区麦秀分区鸟类资源全面调查的基础上, 利用GAP分析和空间自相关分析对鸟类丰富度的空间分布格局与热点区域进行了探讨, 并对当前功能区划下的保护空缺进行了分析。结果表明: (1)调查期间共记录鸟类89种, 隶属10目29科57属, 其中列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的12种, 列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)》附录I、II 的11种; (2)不同环境梯度间鸟类群落组成差异显著, 低海拔的森林生境物种多样性要明显高于高海拔的草原草甸生境; (3)鸟类丰富度的空间格局表现为从东北部的峡谷林区分别往西北、东南部冰川雪山递减; 濒危保护鸟类的热点区域集中分布在西南部高山草甸, 与全部鸟类的热点区域之间存在明显差异; (4)麦秀分区核心区范围与全部鸟类的多样性热点区域的分布一致, 但未能覆盖濒危保护鸟类的热点区域, 可能不利于濒危鸟类的保护。本研究结果有助于保护区划的修订与完善, 同时亦能为小尺度下生物多样性保护规划的研究提供有益参考。
梁健超, 丁志锋, 张春兰, 胡慧建, 朵海瑞, 唐虹 (2017) 青海三江源国家级自然保护区麦秀分区鸟类多样性空间格局及热点区域研究. 生物多样性, 25, 294-303. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016252.
Jianchao Liang, Zhifeng Ding, Chunlan Zhang, Huijian Hu, Hairui Duo, Hong Tang (2017) Bird diversity spatial distribution patterns and hotspots in Maixiu Area of Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve, Qinghai Province. Biodiversity Science, 25, 294-303. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016252.
生境类型 Habitat type | 面积 Area (km2) | 物种丰富度 Species richness | 密度 Density (species/km2) | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (Jsw) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
森林 Forest | 126.6 | 48 | 0.379 | 3.134 | 0.938 |
灌丛 Bush | 653.2 | 42 | 0.064 | 2.925 | 0.900 |
草甸草原 Meadow | 1,613.2 | 46 | 0.028 | 2.093 | 0.547 |
湿地 Wetland | 291.4 | 22 | 0.075 | 2.156 | 0.697 |
表1 不同生境类型鸟类群落多样性
Table 1 Bird diversity indices of different habitats
生境类型 Habitat type | 面积 Area (km2) | 物种丰富度 Species richness | 密度 Density (species/km2) | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (Jsw) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
森林 Forest | 126.6 | 48 | 0.379 | 3.134 | 0.938 |
灌丛 Bush | 653.2 | 42 | 0.064 | 2.925 | 0.900 |
草甸草原 Meadow | 1,613.2 | 46 | 0.028 | 2.093 | 0.547 |
湿地 Wetland | 291.4 | 22 | 0.075 | 2.156 | 0.697 |
生境类型 Habitat type | 森林 Forest | 灌丛 Bush | 草甸草原 Meadow | 湿地 Wetland |
---|---|---|---|---|
森林 Forest | - | 30 | 19 | 8 |
灌丛 Bush | 0.667 | - | 16 | 9 |
草甸草原 Meadow | 0.404 | 0.364 | - | 15 |
湿地 Wetland | 0.228 | 0.282 | 0.442 | - |
表2 不同生境类型鸟类共有种(对角线上)和群落相似性(对角线下)
Table 2 Number of mutual species (above the diagonal) and similarity (Sorensen’s index, below the diagonal) of bird community between different habitats
生境类型 Habitat type | 森林 Forest | 灌丛 Bush | 草甸草原 Meadow | 湿地 Wetland |
---|---|---|---|---|
森林 Forest | - | 30 | 19 | 8 |
灌丛 Bush | 0.667 | - | 16 | 9 |
草甸草原 Meadow | 0.404 | 0.364 | - | 15 |
湿地 Wetland | 0.228 | 0.282 | 0.442 | - |
海拔梯度 Altitude gradient | 面积 Area (km2) | 物种丰富度 Species richness | 密度 Density (species/km2) | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (Jsw) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 3,200 m | 40.0 | 51 | 1.275 | 3.193 | 0.812 |
3,200-3,400 m | 109.0 | 50 | 0.458 | 3.251 | 0.831 |
3,400-3,600 m | 438.8 | 39 | 0.088 | 2.295 | 0.626 |
3,600-3,800 m | 1,067.0 | 36 | 0.034 | 1.947 | 0.543 |
3,800-4,000 m | 450.3 | 15 | 0.033 | 2.117 | 0.782 |
4,000-4,200 m | 298.5 | 10 | 0.033 | 1.464 | 0.636 |
> 4,200 m | 280.4 | 8 | 0.028 | 0.982 | 0.472 |
表3 不同海拔梯度鸟类群落多样性
Table 3 Bird diversity indexes at different altitudes
海拔梯度 Altitude gradient | 面积 Area (km2) | 物种丰富度 Species richness | 密度 Density (species/km2) | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (Jsw) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 3,200 m | 40.0 | 51 | 1.275 | 3.193 | 0.812 |
3,200-3,400 m | 109.0 | 50 | 0.458 | 3.251 | 0.831 |
3,400-3,600 m | 438.8 | 39 | 0.088 | 2.295 | 0.626 |
3,600-3,800 m | 1,067.0 | 36 | 0.034 | 1.947 | 0.543 |
3,800-4,000 m | 450.3 | 15 | 0.033 | 2.117 | 0.782 |
4,000-4,200 m | 298.5 | 10 | 0.033 | 1.464 | 0.636 |
> 4,200 m | 280.4 | 8 | 0.028 | 0.982 | 0.472 |
海拔梯度 Altitude gradient | < 3,200 m | 3,200-3,400 m | 3,400-3,600 m | 3,600-3,800 m | 3,800-4,000 m | 4,000-4,200 m | > 4,200 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 3,200 m | - | 32 | 24 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
3,200-3,400 m | 0.634 | - | 27 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 2 |
3,400-3,600 m | 0.534 | 0.607 | - | 23 | 12 | 8 | 7 |
3,600-3,800 m | 0.344 | 0.419 | 0.613 | - | 12 | 8 | 7 |
3,800-4,000 m | 0.181 | 0.215 | 0.444 | 0.471 | - | 6 | 4 |
4,000-4,200 m | 0.131 | 0.134 | 0.327 | 0.348 | 0.480 | - | 6 |
> 4,200 m | 0.034 | 0.067 | 0.298 | 0.318 | 0.348 | 0.334 | - |
表4 不同海拔梯度鸟类共有种(对角线上)和群落相似性(对角线下)
Table 4 Number of mutual species (above the diagonal) and similarity (Sorensen’s index, below the diagonal) of bird community between different altitudes
海拔梯度 Altitude gradient | < 3,200 m | 3,200-3,400 m | 3,400-3,600 m | 3,600-3,800 m | 3,800-4,000 m | 4,000-4,200 m | > 4,200 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 3,200 m | - | 32 | 24 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
3,200-3,400 m | 0.634 | - | 27 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 2 |
3,400-3,600 m | 0.534 | 0.607 | - | 23 | 12 | 8 | 7 |
3,600-3,800 m | 0.344 | 0.419 | 0.613 | - | 12 | 8 | 7 |
3,800-4,000 m | 0.181 | 0.215 | 0.444 | 0.471 | - | 6 | 4 |
4,000-4,200 m | 0.131 | 0.134 | 0.327 | 0.348 | 0.480 | - | 6 |
> 4,200 m | 0.034 | 0.067 | 0.298 | 0.318 | 0.348 | 0.334 | - |
图2 麦秀分区鸟类丰富度空间分布格局。a: 全部鸟类; b: 国家重点保护鸟类; c: CITES附录I, II中的鸟类
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution patterns of bird richness in Maixiu Area. a, Overall species; b, Species belonged to the “List of Key Protected Wild Animals of China”; c, Species listed in CITES appendices I and II
图3 麦秀分区鸟类多样性热点区域。a: 全部鸟类; b: 国家重点保护鸟类; c: CITES附录I, II中的鸟类
Fig. 3 Hotspots of bird diversity in Maixiu Area. a, Overall species; b, Species belonged to the “List of Key Protected Wild Animals of China”; c, Species listed in CITES appendices I and II
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