生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 304-311. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016306
收稿日期:
2016-10-21
接受日期:
2016-12-31
出版日期:
2017-03-20
发布日期:
2017-04-07
通讯作者:
卜云
基金资助:
Yali Jin1, Bicheng Li1, Long Geng2, Yun Bu1,*()
Received:
2016-10-21
Accepted:
2016-12-31
Online:
2017-03-20
Published:
2017-04-07
Contact:
Bu Yun
摘要:
大金山岛属上海市金山三岛海洋生态保护区, 岛上土壤未受到人为活动的污染。为了解不同自然植被类型下土壤动物群落结构组成及其生态分布, 于2015年秋季在大金山岛竹林、乔木林和灌木林的南、北坡中分别进行土壤动物采样。结果显示: 6个样地共捕获土壤动物12,769只, 隶属于28个类群, 优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲, 分别占总捕获量的70.15%和19.27%; 常见类群有原尾纲、半翅目、膜翅目和线蚓科, 占总捕获量的7.06%。北坡和南坡优势类群均为蜱螨亚纲(74.26%、65.32%)和弹尾纲(16.52%、22.49%), 但常见类群和稀有类群存在一定差异。不同植被类型土壤动物的群落结构组成存在一定差异, 但无论是北坡还是南坡密度均为灌木林 > 乔木林 > 竹林, 类群数变化为灌木林 > 竹林 > 乔木林。无论北坡还是南坡, 不同植被类型下土壤动物群落生态指数各不相同, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均为灌木林 > 乔木林 > 竹林。大金山岛灌木林中土壤动物群落多样性高于乔木林和竹林, 很可能与灌木林中较为适宜的微环境有关。
靳亚丽, 李必成, 耿龙, 卜云 (2017) 上海大金山岛不同植被类型下土壤动物群落多样性. 生物多样性, 25, 304-311. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016306.
Yali Jin, Bicheng Li, Long Geng, Yun Bu (2017) Soil fauna community in different natural vegetation types of Dajinshan Island, Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 25, 304-311. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016306.
图1 大金山岛的地理位置及采样点设置。ZL: 竹林; QML: 乔木林; GML: 灌木林; N: 北坡; S: 南坡。
Fig. 1 The location of Dajinshan Island and soil fauna sampling sites. ZL, bamboo forest; QML, arboreal forest; GML, shrubbery; N, North slope; S, South slope.
类群 Group | 北坡 North slope | 南坡 South slope | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体数 Individuals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Dominance | 个体数 Individuals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Dominance | ||
蜱螨亚纲 Acari | 5,125 | 25,309 (74.26) | +++ | 3,833 | 18,928 (65.32) | +++ | |
弹尾纲 Collembola | 1,140 | 5,630 (16.52) | +++ | 1,320 | 6,519 (22.49) | +++ | |
线虫纲 Nematoda | 62 | 306 (0.90) | + | 198 | 978 (3.37) | ++ | |
原尾纲 Protura | 147 | 726 (2.13) | ++ | 42 | 207 (0.72) | + | |
线蚓科 Enchytraediae | 156 | 770 (2.26) | ++ | 28 | 138 (0.48) | + | |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 4 | 20 (0.06) | + | 132 | 652 (2.25) | ++ | |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 55 | 272 (0.80) | + | 78 | 385 (1.33) | ++ | |
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 48 | 237 (0.70) | + | 77 | 380 (1.31) | ++ | |
综合纲 Symphyla | 28 | 138 (0.41) | + | 24 | 119 (0.41) | + | |
等足目 Isopoda | 15 | 74 (0.22) | + | 36 | 178 (0.61) | + | |
少足纲 Pauropoda | 27 | 133 (0.39) | + | 17 | 84 (0.29) | + | |
倍足纲 Diplopoda | 25 | 123 (0.36) | + | 16 | 79 (0.27) | + | |
双尾纲 Diplura | 17 | 84 (0.25) | + | 15 | 74 (0.26) | + | |
鞘翅目成虫 Coleoptera adult | 10 | 49 (0.14) | + | 11 | 54 (0.19) | + | |
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 10 | 49 (0.14) | + | 7 | 35 (0.12) | + | |
拟蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida | 3 | 15 (0.14) | + | 10 | 49 (0.17) | + | |
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha | 7 | 35 (0.10) | + | 5 | 25 (0.09) | + | |
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 6 | 30 (0.09) | + | 4 | 20 (0.07) | + | |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 0 | 0 | 6 | 30 (0.10) | + | ||
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepodoptera larvae | 5 | 25 (0.07) | + | 1 | 5 (0.02) | + | |
等翅目 Isoptera | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 4 | 20 (0.07) | + | |
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha | 2 | 10 (0.03) | + | 2 | 10 (0.03) | + | |
后孔寡毛目 Oligochaetaopisthopora | 4 | 20 (0.06) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
双翅目成虫 Diptera adult | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 1 | 5 (0.02) | + | |
直翅目 Orthptera | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 (0.02) | + | ||
啮目 Psocoptera | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
腹足纲 Gastropoda | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
总数 Total | 6,901 | 34,079 | 5,868 | 28,978 |
表1 大金山岛南坡和北坡土壤动物群落组成和密度(ind./m2)
Table 1 Soil fauna communities and densities (ind./m2) of south slope and north slope of Dajinshan Island
类群 Group | 北坡 North slope | 南坡 South slope | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体数 Individuals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Dominance | 个体数 Individuals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Dominance | ||
蜱螨亚纲 Acari | 5,125 | 25,309 (74.26) | +++ | 3,833 | 18,928 (65.32) | +++ | |
弹尾纲 Collembola | 1,140 | 5,630 (16.52) | +++ | 1,320 | 6,519 (22.49) | +++ | |
线虫纲 Nematoda | 62 | 306 (0.90) | + | 198 | 978 (3.37) | ++ | |
原尾纲 Protura | 147 | 726 (2.13) | ++ | 42 | 207 (0.72) | + | |
线蚓科 Enchytraediae | 156 | 770 (2.26) | ++ | 28 | 138 (0.48) | + | |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 4 | 20 (0.06) | + | 132 | 652 (2.25) | ++ | |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 55 | 272 (0.80) | + | 78 | 385 (1.33) | ++ | |
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 48 | 237 (0.70) | + | 77 | 380 (1.31) | ++ | |
综合纲 Symphyla | 28 | 138 (0.41) | + | 24 | 119 (0.41) | + | |
等足目 Isopoda | 15 | 74 (0.22) | + | 36 | 178 (0.61) | + | |
少足纲 Pauropoda | 27 | 133 (0.39) | + | 17 | 84 (0.29) | + | |
倍足纲 Diplopoda | 25 | 123 (0.36) | + | 16 | 79 (0.27) | + | |
双尾纲 Diplura | 17 | 84 (0.25) | + | 15 | 74 (0.26) | + | |
鞘翅目成虫 Coleoptera adult | 10 | 49 (0.14) | + | 11 | 54 (0.19) | + | |
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 10 | 49 (0.14) | + | 7 | 35 (0.12) | + | |
拟蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida | 3 | 15 (0.14) | + | 10 | 49 (0.17) | + | |
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha | 7 | 35 (0.10) | + | 5 | 25 (0.09) | + | |
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 6 | 30 (0.09) | + | 4 | 20 (0.07) | + | |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 0 | 0 | 6 | 30 (0.10) | + | ||
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepodoptera larvae | 5 | 25 (0.07) | + | 1 | 5 (0.02) | + | |
等翅目 Isoptera | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 4 | 20 (0.07) | + | |
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha | 2 | 10 (0.03) | + | 2 | 10 (0.03) | + | |
后孔寡毛目 Oligochaetaopisthopora | 4 | 20 (0.06) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
双翅目成虫 Diptera adult | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 1 | 5 (0.02) | + | |
直翅目 Orthptera | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 (0.02) | + | ||
啮目 Psocoptera | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
腹足纲 Gastropoda | 1 | 5 (0.01) | + | 0 | 0 | ||
总数 Total | 6,901 | 34,079 | 5,868 | 28,978 |
类群 Group | 竹林 Bamboo forest | 乔木林 Arboreal forest | 灌木林 Shrubbery | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体数 Indivi- duals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Domin- ance | 个体数 Indi- viduals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Domin- ance | 个体数 Indi- viduals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Domin- ance | |||
蜱螨亚纲 Acari | 1,851 | 13,711 (60.65) | +++ | 2,929 | 21,696 (63.41) | +++ | 4,178 | 30,948 (81.95) | +++ | ||
弹尾纲 Collembola | 867 | 6,422 (28.41) | +++ | 1,087 | 8,052 (23.53) | +++ | 506 | 3,748 (9.93) | ++ | ||
线虫纲 Nematoda | 33 | 244 (1.08) | ++ | 169 | 1,252 (3.66) | ++ | 58 | 430 (1.14) | ++ | ||
原尾纲 Protura | 85 | 630 (2.79) | ++ | 85 | 630 (1.84) | ++ | 19 | 141 (0.37) | + | ||
线蚓科 Enchytraediae | 12 | 89 (0.39) | + | 100 | 741 (2.16) | ++ | 72 | 533 (1.41) | ++ | ||
半翅目 Hemiptera | 3 | 22 (0.10) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | 131 | 970 (2.57) | ++ | ||
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 36 | 267 (1.18) | ++ | 74 | 548 (1.60) | ++ | 23 | 170 (0.45) | + | ||
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 37 | 274 (1.21) | ++ | 62 | 459 (1.34) | ++ | 26 | 193 (0.51) | + | ||
综合纲 Symphyla | 24 | 178 (0.79) | + | 15 | 111 (0.32) | + | 13 | 96 (0.26) | + | ||
等足目 Isopoda | 15 | 111 (0.49) | + | 20 | 148 (0.43) | + | 16 | 119 (0.31) | + | ||
少足纲 Pauropoda | 33 | 244 (1.08) | ++ | 5 | 37 (0.11) | + | 6 | 44 (0.12) | + | ||
倍足纲 Diplopoda | 18 | 133 (0.59) | + | 15 | 111 (0.32) | + | 8 | 59 (0.16) | + | ||
双尾纲 Diplura | 2 | 15 (0.07) | + | 23 | 170 (0.50) | + | 7 | 52 (0.14) | + | ||
鞘翅目成虫 Coleoptera adult | 10 | 74 (0.33) | + | 4 | 30 (0.09) | + | 7 | 52 (0.14) | + | ||
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 7 | 52 (0.23) | + | 6 | 44 (0.13) | + | 4 | 30 (0.08) | + | ||
拟蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida | 1 | 7 (0.03) | + | 11 | 81 (0.24) | + | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | ||
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha | 7 | 52 (0.23) | + | 4 | 30 (0.09) | + | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | ||
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 1 | 7 (0.03) | + | 4 | 30 (0.09) | + | 5 | 37 (0.10) | + | ||
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 2 | 15 (0.07) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | ||
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepodoptera larvae | 2 | 15 (0.07) | + | 0 | 0 | 4 | 30 (0.08) | + | |||
等翅目 Isoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 37 (0.10) | + | ||||
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha | 1 | 7 (0.03) | + | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | ||
后孔寡毛目 Oligochaetaopisthopora | 4 | 30 (0.13) | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
双翅目成虫 Diptera adult | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | ||||
直翅目 Orthptera | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | 0 | 0 | ||||
啮目 Psocoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | ||||
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha | 1 | 7 (0.13) | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
腹足纲 Gastropoda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (0.02) | |||||
合计 Total | 3,052 | 22,607 (100) | 4,619 | 34,215 (100) | 5,098 | 37,763 (100) |
表2 大金山岛各植被类型中土壤动物群落组成和密度(ind./m2)
Table 2 Soil fauna communities and densities (ind./m2) under different vegetation types on Dajinshan Island
类群 Group | 竹林 Bamboo forest | 乔木林 Arboreal forest | 灌木林 Shrubbery | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体数 Indivi- duals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Domin- ance | 个体数 Indi- viduals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Domin- ance | 个体数 Indi- viduals | 密度 Density (%) | 优势度 Domin- ance | |||
蜱螨亚纲 Acari | 1,851 | 13,711 (60.65) | +++ | 2,929 | 21,696 (63.41) | +++ | 4,178 | 30,948 (81.95) | +++ | ||
弹尾纲 Collembola | 867 | 6,422 (28.41) | +++ | 1,087 | 8,052 (23.53) | +++ | 506 | 3,748 (9.93) | ++ | ||
线虫纲 Nematoda | 33 | 244 (1.08) | ++ | 169 | 1,252 (3.66) | ++ | 58 | 430 (1.14) | ++ | ||
原尾纲 Protura | 85 | 630 (2.79) | ++ | 85 | 630 (1.84) | ++ | 19 | 141 (0.37) | + | ||
线蚓科 Enchytraediae | 12 | 89 (0.39) | + | 100 | 741 (2.16) | ++ | 72 | 533 (1.41) | ++ | ||
半翅目 Hemiptera | 3 | 22 (0.10) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | 131 | 970 (2.57) | ++ | ||
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 36 | 267 (1.18) | ++ | 74 | 548 (1.60) | ++ | 23 | 170 (0.45) | + | ||
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 37 | 274 (1.21) | ++ | 62 | 459 (1.34) | ++ | 26 | 193 (0.51) | + | ||
综合纲 Symphyla | 24 | 178 (0.79) | + | 15 | 111 (0.32) | + | 13 | 96 (0.26) | + | ||
等足目 Isopoda | 15 | 111 (0.49) | + | 20 | 148 (0.43) | + | 16 | 119 (0.31) | + | ||
少足纲 Pauropoda | 33 | 244 (1.08) | ++ | 5 | 37 (0.11) | + | 6 | 44 (0.12) | + | ||
倍足纲 Diplopoda | 18 | 133 (0.59) | + | 15 | 111 (0.32) | + | 8 | 59 (0.16) | + | ||
双尾纲 Diplura | 2 | 15 (0.07) | + | 23 | 170 (0.50) | + | 7 | 52 (0.14) | + | ||
鞘翅目成虫 Coleoptera adult | 10 | 74 (0.33) | + | 4 | 30 (0.09) | + | 7 | 52 (0.14) | + | ||
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 7 | 52 (0.23) | + | 6 | 44 (0.13) | + | 4 | 30 (0.08) | + | ||
拟蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida | 1 | 7 (0.03) | + | 11 | 81 (0.24) | + | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | ||
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha | 7 | 52 (0.23) | + | 4 | 30 (0.09) | + | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | ||
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 1 | 7 (0.03) | + | 4 | 30 (0.09) | + | 5 | 37 (0.10) | + | ||
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 2 | 15 (0.07) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | ||
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepodoptera larvae | 2 | 15 (0.07) | + | 0 | 0 | 4 | 30 (0.08) | + | |||
等翅目 Isoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 37 (0.10) | + | ||||
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha | 1 | 7 (0.03) | + | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | ||
后孔寡毛目 Oligochaetaopisthopora | 4 | 30 (0.13) | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
双翅目成虫 Diptera adult | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 15 (0.04) | + | ||||
直翅目 Orthptera | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | 0 | 0 | ||||
啮目 Psocoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (0.02) | + | ||||
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha | 1 | 7 (0.13) | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
腹足纲 Gastropoda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (0.02) | |||||
合计 Total | 3,052 | 22,607 (100) | 4,619 | 34,215 (100) | 5,098 | 37,763 (100) |
图2 大金山岛不同植被类型下土壤动物群落生态指数(平均值 ± 标准差)。字母不同表示差异显著(P = 0.05)。ZL: 竹林; QML: 乔木林; GML: 灌木林。
Fig. 2 Ecological indices of soil fauna communities of different vegetation types in Dajinshan Island (Mean ± SD). Different letters show the significant difference at P = 0.05 level. ZL, bamboo forest; QML, arboreal forest; GML, shrubbery.
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