生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 951-959.doi: 10.17520/biods.2019062
史晓昀1, 2, 施小刚3, 胡强3, 官天培4, 付强5, 张剑6, 姚蒙1, 2, 李晟1, 2, *()
Xiaoyun Shi1, 2, Xiaogang Shi3, Qiang Hu3, Tianpei Guan4, Qiang Fu5, Jian Zhang6, Meng Yao1, 2, Sheng Li1, 2, *()
由雪豹(Panthera uncia)捕食散放家畜引起的人兽冲突是目前中国雪豹保护面临的主要挑战之一。四川邛崃山脉地处雪豹分布范围的东南缘, 本研究以邛崃山中部的自然保护区群为研究区, 收集了2014-2018年红外相机调查和动物粪便DNA分析中采集到的雪豹与散放牦牛的分布位点, 使用MaxEnt物种分布模型预测两物种在研究区内的潜在分布范围, 以两物种分布重叠的程度作为评估雪豹捕食家畜潜在风险的指标, 从而识别雪豹-家畜冲突的高危区域。结果表明, 在邛崃山中部的保护区群中, 模型预测的雪豹适宜栖息地面积为871.14 km 2, 牦牛适宜栖息地面积为988.41 km 2, 二者重叠面积达534.47 km 2, 主要分布在研究区西部的高山草甸地区, 占域内雪豹适宜栖息地总面积的61.35%。研究区域内总体上可能存在较高的雪豹-家畜冲突风险。在这些自然保护区以及新建的大熊猫国家公园的管理规划中, 应把高山放牧作为对区内野生雪豹种群的关键威胁之一, 重点关注模型预测的人兽冲突高危区域, 通过改变社区牧业管理方式、发展社区替代生计等方式, 降低潜在冲突的风险。
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