三江源地区雪豹保护优先区规划

doi:10.17520/biods.2019014

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 943-950. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019014 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2019014

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 中国雪豹调查研究与保护专题 • 上一篇下一篇

三江源地区雪豹保护优先区规划

肖凌云^1,^#,程琛^1,^2,#^#,万华伟³,张德海⁴,王永财³,才旦⁵,侯鹏³,李娟⁶,杨欣⁷,吕植^1,^*(),刘玉平^3,^*()

1 北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心, 北京 100871
2 山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871
3 生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094
4 三江源国家公园管理局, 西宁 810001
5 青海省玉树藏族自治州林业局, 青海玉树 815000
6 Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
7 四川省绿色江河环境保护促进会, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2019-01-18 接受日期:2019-05-23 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-09-25
通讯作者: 肖凌云,程琛,吕植,刘玉平
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0507200);高分重大科技专项(05-Y30B02-9001-13/15);国家青年科学基金(41801366)

Defining conservation priority areas of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan Region

Lingyun Xiao^1,^#,Chen Cheng^1,^2,#^#,Huawei Wan³,Dehai Zhang⁴,Yongcai Wang³,Tsedan ⁵,Peng Hou³,Juan Li⁶,Xin Yang⁷,Zhi Lü^1,^*(),Yuping Liu^3,^*()

1 Center for Nature and Society, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
2 Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871
3 Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094
4 Management Bureau of the Three-River-Source National Park, Xining 810001
5 Forestry Bureau of Yushu Prefecture, Yushu, Qinghai 815000
6 Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
7 Sichuan Green River Environmental Protection Promotion Association, Chengdu 610041

Received:2019-01-18 Accepted:2019-05-23 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-09-25
Contact: Lingyun Xiao,Chen Cheng,Zhi Lü,Yuping Liu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了将有限资源合理投放到关键区域, 实现物种保护成效的最大化, 找出质量最好的栖息地及它们之间的迁徙通道是制定保护规划的第一步。本研究以三江源的雪豹(Panthera uncia)栖息地为对象, 基于野外调查数据和高分辨率卫星遥感数据, 利用物种分布模型、保护规划模型和连通度分析工具, 找出了三江源地区雪豹的核心栖息地分布和潜在迁徙通道位置, 分析了目前保护中的潜在威胁, 并提出了针对三江源西、中、东三块区域的不同保护对策。结果表明: (1)三江源西部核心栖息地比较小而破碎, 但迁徙通道较多且没有明显窄点, 未来应关注青藏线的潜在阻碍作用, 同时应防范道路沿线的野生动物盗猎; (2)中部区域横跨玉树-杂多-囊谦的雪豹栖息地是三江源最大的核心雪豹栖息地, 在连通其他种群中也处于中心地位, 应通过种群监测确定其健康稳定, 对开发、偷猎等威胁防微杜渐, 保持其源种群的作用; (3)东部区域人口密度高, 受人类活动的影响最大, 需保证阿尼玛卿、年保玉则两块核心栖息地的质量, 并重点监测甘德县境内的省道处雪豹的迁徙通道是否畅通。三江源地区雪豹栖息地总体质量较好, 建议将维持核心源种群的稳定性, 保持种群间迁徙通道的畅通作为三江源的雪豹景观保护工作的整体目标。未来应充分利用天地一体化监测手段, 开展重要保护物种栖息地状况的评估和预警, 尤其是非保护地区域物种核心栖息地的开发建设活动。

关键词: 雪豹, 栖息地, 高分辨率卫星, 保护优先区, 迁徙通道

Abstract

To maximize species conservation outcomes and effectively allocate limited resources, the first step in conservation planning is to define conservation priority areas and migration pathways between them. Based on field survey and high-resolution satellite data, we used species distribution models, conservation planning tools and connectivity analysis tools to define the core habitat area and potential corridors for snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Sanjiangyuan Region. With potential threats identified, we proposed differentiated conservation strategies for different parts of the Sanjiangyuan Region: (1) In the western region, snow leopard core habitats are mostly small and fragmented but with widespread migration pathways and no obvious bottlenecks. However, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a potential barrier for snow leopard populations in the western region and needs further investigation. (2) The central region contains the largest core habitat which also has highest centrality in the connectivity analysis. To maintain the function of these source populations, we recommend long-term monitoring, anti-poaching patrol and supervision on development projects for this region. (3) For the eastern region, which has the highest human density, it is important to safeguard two core habitats (Anemaqen and Nanpo Yutze) and maintain the narrow corridors in between them. The provincial highway in Gande County may be a potential barrier for snow leopard migration and deserves further monitoring. As the epicenter for snow leopard conservation in China, the habitat quality in the Sanjiangyuan Region remains good overall. The goal of snow leopard landscape conservation in Sanjiangyuan should be to maintain core source populations while keeping migration routes unblocked. Integrated space-ground monitoring approaches should be implemented in the future for assessments and early warning signs of habitat degradation for these important protected species, especially in non-protected areas in core habitat at risk for development.

Key words: snow leopard, habitat, high-resolution satellite data, conservation priority, dispersal corridor

肖凌云,程琛,万华伟,张德海,王永财,才旦,侯鹏,李娟,杨欣,吕植,刘玉平 (2019) 三江源地区雪豹保护优先区规划. 生物多样性, 27, 943-950. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019014.

Lingyun Xiao,Chen Cheng,Huawei Wan,Dehai Zhang,Yongcai Wang,Tsedan ,Peng Hou,Juan Li,Xin Yang,Zhi Lü,Yuping Liu (2019) Defining conservation priority areas of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan Region. Biodiversity Science, 27, 943-950. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019014.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019014

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I9/943

图/表 7

图1 三江源区域稀疏化后的220个雪豹出现位点

Fig. 1 The 220 presence locations of snow leopards after spatial thinning in Sanjiangyuan Region

图2 三江源区域各类型人类活动斑块(a)和道路(b)的分布。此次分析中主要关注人口密集地、能源设施、工矿用地、采石场和农村居民点这几种类型, 其中人口密集地包括城镇、机场和学校。道路被分为普通道路和高级道路两种大类, 其中高级道路包括高速公路、国道、省道和铁路。

Fig. 2 The distribution of human activity patches (a) and roads (b) in Sanjiangyuan Region. This study mainly concerned on densely populated areas (cities and towns, airports and schools), energy facilities, mining and industry land, quarry and scattered rural settlements. Roads were classified as ordinary roads and busy roads (expressways, national highways, provincial highways and railways).

图3 三江源区域雪豹栖息地适宜度(a)和潜在栖息地分布(b)

Fig. 3 Snow leopard habitat suitability (a) and potential habitat (b) in Sanjiangyuan Region

图4 三江源的雪豹栖息地质量优先度排序

Fig. 4 Priority ranking of snow leopard habitat in Sanjiangyuan Region

图5 加入人类影响前(黄色)后(绿色)雪豹核心栖息地的变化

Fig. 5 The change of snow leopard core habitat before (yellow) and after (green) adding anthropogenic variables

图6 雪豹核心栖息地的中心地位排序、连通度窄点(pinchpoint)和可能阻碍(高级道路)。A、B: 连接东部两个核心栖息地与中部核心栖息地的两条可能廊道。

Fig. 6 The centrality of snow leopard core habitat, connectivity pinchpoints and busy roads as potential barriers. A, B: Two candidate corridors linking two eastern core habitats and the central core habitat.

图7 国家级自然保护区与国家公园对雪豹核心栖息地的覆盖。开发项目基本存在于保护区与国家公园之外, 是未来需要重点监控开发风险的区域。

Fig. 7 The coverage of national nature reserves (NNR) and national park (NP) in snow leopard core habitat. Development projects are mostly outside nature reserves and national park, which should be intensively monitored with high-resolution satellite in the future.

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三江源地区雪豹保护优先区规划

Defining conservation priority areas of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan Region

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